| PPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS |
用于压紧螺纹紧固件的装置 |
| 摘要 |
摘要 |
| The invention relates to a two-part tapered thread nut assembly ( 3402 ) including: a rigid inner member ( 3410 ) having an inner surface ( 3411, 3421 ) threadedly engagable with the fastener and an outer surface ( 3412, 3422 ) defined by a thread formation that forms a taper; |
本发明涉及一种两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件（3402），其包括：刚性内部构件（3410），其具有可与紧固件螺纹接合的内表面（3411，3421）和由形成锥形的螺纹构造限定的外表面（3412，3422）； |
| an outer member ( 3420 ) having an inner surface ( 3411, 3421 ) defined by an inversely tapered thread formation ( 3425 ) that is threadedly engagable with the tapered thread formation ( 3416 ) of the outer surface ( 3412, 3422 ) of the inner member ( 3410 ); |
外部构件（3420），其具有内表面（3411，3421），该内表面由倒锥形螺纹构造（3425）限定，该倒锥形螺纹构造能够与内部构件（3410）的外表面（3412，3422）的锥形螺纹构造（3416）螺纹接合； |
| and wherein the two-part nut assembly ( 3402 ), when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
并且其中所述两件式螺母组件（3402）在由所述扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时向所述螺纹紧固件施加载荷。 |
| 权利要求书 |
权利要求书 |
| 0001 . |
0001 . |
| 1 |
1 |
| A two-part tapered thread nut assembly for use with either a stud or a bolt of a threaded fastener and a torque device including: a rigid inner member having an inner surface threadedly engagable with the fastener and an outer surface defined by a thread formation that forms a taper; |
一种用于与螺纹紧固件的螺柱或螺栓和扭矩装置一起使用的两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件，包括：刚性内部构件，其具有可与所述紧固件螺纹接合的内表面和由形成锥形的螺纹构造限定的外表面； |
| an outer member having an inner surface defined by an inversely tapered thread formation that is threadedly engagable with the tapered thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member; |
外部构件，其具有由倒锥形螺纹构造限定的内表面，该倒锥形螺纹构造能够与内部构件的外表面的锥形螺纹构造螺纹接合； |
| andwherein the two-part nut assembly, when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
并且，其中两件式螺母组件，当通过扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时，向螺纹紧固件施加载荷。 |
| 0002 . |
0002 . |
| 2 |
2 |
| An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the inner member is either superficially, partially, selectively or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件被表面地，部分地，选择性地或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| 0003 . |
0003 . |
| 3 |
3 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the inner member is either superficially, partially, selectively or thoroughly metallurgically hardened by either: flame hardening; |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件表面地，部分地，选择性地或者完全地冶金硬化，这是通过：通过火焰硬化； |
| induction hardening; |
感应硬化； |
| carburizing; |
渗碳； |
| boriding; |
渗硼； |
| nitriding; |
渗氮； |
| cyaniding; |
氰化； |
| carbonitridring; |
碳氮共渗； |
| ferritic nitrocarburizing; |
铁素体氮碳共渗； |
| annealing; |
退火； |
| quenching; |
淬火； |
| aging; |
陈化； |
| tempering; |
回火； |
| heat treating (differential, flame, induction, case, etc.); |
热处理（差动，火焰，感应，表层等）； |
| cold treating (cryogenic); |
冷处理（低温）； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| 0004 . |
0004 . |
| 4 |
4 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim having decreased, relative to known three piece nut assemblies, dimensions for limited bolting clearances and increased, relative to known nuts, prevention of thread galling, fractures and load loss. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置相对于已知的三件式螺母组件具有减小的尺寸以限制螺栓连接间隙，并且相对于已知的螺母具有增大的尺寸以防止螺纹磨损，断裂和载荷损失。 |
| 0005 . |
0005 . |
| 5 |
5 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein a load bearing surface area between the inner and the outer members allows for strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase apparatus dimensions. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件和所述外部构件之间的承载表面区域允许关键地偏置的竖直和径向应力分布，而不必显著增加装置尺寸。 |
| 0006 . |
0006 . |
| 6 |
6 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member and the inversely tapered thread formation of the inner surface of the outer member are shaped as any suitable relatively rotatable means, having either constant or variable step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的所述外表面的所述螺纹构造和所述外部构件的所述内表面的所述倒锥形螺纹构造成形为任何合适的可相对旋转的装置，所述装置具有恒定或可变的台阶量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔。 |
| 0007 . |
0007 . |
| 7 |
7 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member and the inversely tapered thread formation of the inner surface of the outer member are shaped either as frustums of a smoothly stepped cone for a relatively low plurality of steps or frustums of a smooth sloped cone for a relatively high plurality of steps having either constant or variable step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的外表面的螺纹构造和所述外部构件的内表面的倒锥形螺纹构造的形状为：对于相对较低的多个台阶，为平滑台阶式锥体的平截头体，或者对于相对较高的多个台阶，为平滑倾斜锥体的平截头体，所述平截头体具有恒定或可变的台阶数量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔。 |
| 0008 . |
0008 . |
| 8 |
8 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the taper of the inner member increases from an upper surface to a lower surface, and wherein the taper of the outer member decreases from an upper surface to a lower surface. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的锥度从上表面到下表面增大，并且所述外部构件的锥度从上表面到下表面减小。 |
| 0009 . |
0009 . |
| 9 |
9 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the taper of the inner member decreases from an upper surface to a lower surface, and wherein the taper of the outer member increases from an upper surface to a lower surface. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的锥度从上表面到下表面减小，所述外部构件的锥度从上表面到下表面增大。 |
| 0010 . |
0010 . |
| 10 |
10 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the outer member substantially surrounds the inner member. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述外部构件基本上围绕所述内部构件。 |
| 0011 . |
0011 . |
| 11 |
11 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein either the inner member, the outer member or both the inner and the outer members, when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，当所述内部构件，所述外部构件或所述内部构件和所述外部构件两者被所述扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时，向所述螺纹紧固件施加载荷。 |
| 0012 . |
0012 . |
| 12 |
12 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the inner member and the outer member are pressed together in a predictably deforming way to prevent unintended disassembly of and/or relaxation from partially mated surfaces. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件和所述外部构件以可预测的变形方式被压在一起，以防止从部分配合的表面上意外拆卸和/或松弛。 |
| 0013 . |
0013 . |
| 13 |
13 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the inner member and the outer member are either welded, friction welded, brazed, soldered, glued, pinned, keyed or staked to prevent relative rotation of the members. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件和所述外部构件被焊接，摩擦焊接，铜焊，锡焊，胶合，销接，键接或桩接，以防止所述构件的相对旋转。 |
| 0014 . |
0014 . |
| 14 |
14 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member and the inversely tapered thread formation of the inner surface of the outer member are formed of either a thread pitch, a thread direction, or both a thread pitch and a thread direction, different from that of a thread formation of the inner surface of the inner member and a thread formation of the fastener. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述内部构件的所述外表面的所述螺纹构造和所述外部构件的所述内表面的所述倒锥形螺纹构造由不同于所述内部构件的所述内表面的螺纹构造和所述紧固件的螺纹构造的螺距，螺纹方向或者螺距和螺纹方向两者形成。 |
| 0015 . |
0015 . |
| 15 |
15 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member and the inversely tapered thread formation of the inner surface of the outer member are formed of a thread direction different from that of a thread formation of the inner surface of the inner member and a thread formation of the fastener such that during installation, the members and the inner member and the fastener are loaded with substantially similar torque. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的所述外表面的螺纹构造和所述外部构件的所述内表面的所述倒锥形螺纹构造由与所述内部构件的所述内表面的螺纹构造和所述紧固件的螺纹构造的螺纹方向不同的螺纹方向形成，使得在安装过程中，所述部件和所述内部构件以及所述紧固件被加载基本相似的扭矩。 |
| 0016 . |
0016 . |
| 16 |
16 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the thread formation of the outer surface of the inner member and the inversely tapered thread formation of the inner surface of the outer member are formed of any suitable form, pitch and/or direction. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件的外表面的螺纹构造和所述外部构件的内表面的倒锥形螺纹构造以任何合适的形式，螺距和/或方向形成。 |
| 0017 . |
0017 . |
| 17 |
17 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the inner member and the outer member are assembled by applying a turning force to either one of the members while holding still the other of the members. |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述内部构件和所述外部构件通过向所述构件中的任一个施加转动力同时保持所述构件中的另一个静止而组装。 |
| 0018 . |
0018 . |
| 18 |
18 |
| An apparatus according to any preceding claim including a reaction washer having: an outer edge having a geometric shape that allows for rotational coupling with the torque device via a dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly; |
根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，包括作用垫圈，所述作用垫圈具有：外边缘，所述外边缘具有允许经由双驱动同轴作用和作用组件与所述扭矩装置旋转联接的几何形状； |
| anda bottom surface having friction coefficient increasing treatments biased in areas outward from a center bore. |
以及具有在从中心孔向外的区域中偏置的摩擦系数增大处理的底面。 |
| 0019 . |
0019 . |
| 19 |
19 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the reaction washer is releasably attachable to the apparatus, and wherein the reaction washer detaches at a predetermined pre-torque to become a suitable reaction point. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，其中，所述反应垫圈可释放地连接到所述装置，并且其中，所述反应垫圈以预定的预扭矩分离，以变成合适的反应点。 |
| 0020 . |
0020 . |
| 20 |
20 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the reaction washer is releasably attachable to the apparatus by a bond which breaks at or prior to a predetermined pre-torque once compression and friction forces overcome such bond such that the reaction washer becomes a suitable reaction point. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述作用垫圈通过接合件可释放地连接到所述装置上，一旦压缩和摩擦力克服所述接合件，所述接合件在预定的预扭矩时或之前断裂，使得所述作用垫圈成为合适的作用点。 |
| 0021 . |
0021 . |
| 21 |
21 |
| An apparatus according to claim 19 including any suitable bonding and/or connection method and/or agent, such as adhesives, glues, epoxies, magnets, solvents, solders, welds, and/or any combination thereof. |
根据权利要求19所述的装置，包括任何合适的结合和/或连接方法和/或试剂，例如粘合剂，胶水，环氧树脂，磁体，溶剂，焊料，焊接和/或其任何组合。 |
| 0022 . |
0022 . |
| 22 |
22 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the apparatus and the reaction washer are connected and freely rotatable with each other. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置和所述反应垫圈彼此连接并可自由旋转。 |
| 0023 . |
0023 . |
| 23 |
23 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the apparatus and the reaction washer are connected by a protrusion extending outwardly and downwardly from a bottom surface of the apparatus to engage a depression extending inwardly and upwardly from a bottom surface of the reaction washer. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置和所述反应垫圈通过从所述装置的底表面向外和向下延伸的突起连接，以接合从所述反应垫圈的底表面向内和向上延伸的凹陷。 |
| 0024 . |
0024 . |
| 24 |
24 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the apparatus and the reaction washer are connected by an interference fit that is overcome at or prior to the pre-determined pre-torque. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，其中所述装置和所述反应垫圈通过干涉配合连接，所述干涉配合在所述预定的预扭矩时或之前被克服。 |
| 0025 . |
0025 . |
| 25 |
25 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 including any suitable interference fit such as o-rings or press-fit tabs to prevent unintended disassembly. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，包括任何合适的干涉配合，例如O 形环或压配合接头，以防止无意的拆卸。 |
| 0026 . |
0026 . |
| 26 |
26 |
| An apparatus according to claim 18 including a HYTORC® Dual Faced Friction Washer. |
根据权利要求18所述的装置，包括HYTORC ®双面摩擦垫圈。 |
| 0027 . |
0027 . |
| 27 |
27 |
| A threaded fastener having either a stud or a bolt with a bolt head and an apparatus according to either claim 1-26. |
一种螺纹紧固件，其具有螺柱或带有螺栓头的螺栓以及根据权利要求1-26中任一项所述的装置。 |
| 0028 . |
0028 . |
| 28 |
28 |
| A threaded fastener according to claim 27 which is to be either tightened and/or loosened by a fastening socket assembly having: an inner socket having an inner edge with a nut or stud-head engaging means; |
根据权利要求27所述的螺纹紧固件，其通过紧固套筒组件紧固和/或松开，所述紧固套筒组件具有：内套筒，其具有带有螺母或双头螺栓头接合装置的内边缘； |
| andan outer socket having an inner edge with a reaction washer engaging means for engaging an outer edge of the reaction washer; |
以及具有内边缘的外套筒，该内边缘具有用于接合反应垫圈的外边缘的反应垫圈接合装置； |
| andwherein the inner socket is substantially disposed inside the outer socket, and wherein the inner socket and the outer socket are coupled together with a mechanism that allows the inner socket and the outer socket to be cooperatively and relatively rotated in opposite directions. |
并且其中所述内套筒基本上设置在所述外套筒的内部，并且其中所述内套筒和所述外套筒通过允许所述内套筒和所述外套筒在相反方向上协作地和相对地旋转的机构连接在一起。 |
| 0029 . |
0029 . |
| 29 |
29 |
| A torque power tool either pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically or manually driven to tighten or loosen a threaded fastener according to either claim 27 or 28. |
一种根据权利要求27或28的气动，电动，液压或手动驱动以拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件的扭矩动力工具。 |
| 0030 . |
0030 . |
| 30 |
30 |
| A system for fastening objects including: a threaded fastener according to either claim 27 or 28; |
一种用于紧固物体的系统，包括：根据权利要求27或28所述的螺纹紧固件； |
| anda torque power tool either pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically or manually driven to tighten or loosen the threaded fastener. |
以及气动，电动，液压或手动驱动的扭矩动力工具，以拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件。 |
| 0031 . |
0031 . |
| 31 |
31 |
| Any novel feature or novel combination of features described herein and/or with reference to and/or as shown in the accompanying drawings. |
这里描述的和/或参考和/或如附图所示的任何新颖特征或特征的新颖组合。 |
| 说明书 |
说明书 |
| CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS |
相关申请和专利的交叉引用 |
| [0001] |
[0001] |
| This Application either claims priority to and/or is either a continuation patent application or a continuation-in-part application of the following commonly owned and/or co-pending patent applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2017/020548, having Filing Date of 2 Mar. 2017, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/302,389, having Filing Date of 2 Mar. 2016, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, |
本申请要求下列共同拥有的和/或共同未决的专利申请的优先权和/或作为下列共同拥有的和/或共同未决的专利申请的继续专利申请或部分继续申请，这些专利申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：PCT申请序列号PCT/US2017/020548，申请日为2017年3月2日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，其要求美国申请序列号62/302，389的优先权，申请日为2016年3月2日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”， |
| and Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2016/029899, having Filing Date of 28 Apr. 2016, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
以及PCT申请序列号PCT/US2016/029899，其申请日为2016年4月28日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”； |
| Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2016/029899, having Filing Date of 28 Apr. 2016, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/302,389, having Filing Date of 2 Mar. 2016, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, and U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/153,619, having Filing Date of 28 Apr. 2015, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
PCT申请系列号PCT/US2016/029899，申请日为2016年4月28日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，其要求美国申请系列号62/302，389，申请日为2016年3月2日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”和美国申请系列号62/153，619，申请日为2015年4月28日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的优先权； |
| Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/70996, having Filing Date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/012,009, having Filing Date of 13 Jun. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/035375, having Filing Date of 24 Apr. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/940,919, having Filing Date of 18 Feb. 2014, |
PCT申请序列号PCT/US2014/70996，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“用于压光处理的火焰的装置”，其要求美国申请序列号62/012，009，申请日为2014年6月13日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，PCT申请序列号PCT/US2014/035375，申请日为2014年4月24日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，美国申请序列号61/940，919，申请日为2014年2月18日， |
| entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/916,926, having Filing Date of 17 Dec. 2013, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, U.S. application Ser. No. 13/577,995, having Filing Date of 9 Aug. 2012, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED CONNECTORS”, and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/113,693, having Filing Date of 23 May 2011, entitled “METHOD FOR TIGHTENING AND LOOSENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
美国申请序列号61/916，926，申请日2013年12月17日，发明名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，美国申请序列号13/577，995，申请日2012年8月9日，发明名称为“用于压紧螺纹连接件的装置”，以及美国申请序列号13/113，693，申请日2011年5月23日，发明名称为“用于压紧和松开螺纹紧固件的方法”； |
| Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/71000, having Filing Date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/012,009, having Filing Date of 13 Jun. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/035375, having Filing Date of 24 Apr. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/940,919, having Filing Date of 18 Feb. 2014, |
PCT申请序列号PCT/US2014/71000，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，其要求美国申请序列号62/012，009，申请日为2014年6月13日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，PCT申请序列号PCT/US2014/035375，申请日为2014年4月24日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，美国申请序列号61/940，919，申请日为2014年2月18日， |
| entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, and U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/916,926, having Filing Date of 17 Dec. 2013, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
美国申请序列号61/916，926，申请日2013年12月17日，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”，和美国申请序列号61/916，926，标题为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| application Ser. No. 13/577,995, having Filing Date of 9 Aug. 2012, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priority to Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/162011/001019, having Filing Date of 9 Feb. 2011, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. Nos. 61/430,105 and 61/302,598, having Filing Dates of 5 Jan. 2011 and 9 Feb. 2010, both entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
申请号为13/577，995，申请日为2012年8月9日，发明名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的美国专利申请，其要求申请号为PCT/162011/001019，申请日为2011年2月9日，发明名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的PCT的优先权，其要求申请号为61/430，105和61/302，598，申请日为2011年1月5日和2010年2月9日，发明名称均为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| application Ser. No. 13/814,229, having 371 (c)(1) (2) (4) date of 27 Mar. 2013, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”, which claims priority to Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2012/023693, having Filing Date of 2 Feb. 2012, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priority to Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/162011/002658, having Filing Date of 2 Aug. 2011, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”, which claims priorities to U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/370,015, |
申请号为13/814，229，371（c ）（1）（2）（4），日期为2013年3月27日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的美国专利申请，其要求申请号为PCT/US2012/023693，申请日为2012年2月2日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的PCT的优先权，其要求申请号为PCT/162011/002658，申请日为2011年8月2日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”的PCT， |
| having Filing Date of 2 Aug. 2010, entitled “Conical Geometry for Torsion Coupling During Bolting”; |
申请日为2010年8月2日，名称为“螺栓连接期间用于扭转连接的锥形几何结构”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Application Ser. No. 62/153,619, having Filing Date of 28 Apr. 2015, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
申请号62/153，619，申请日为2015年4月28日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”； |
| and/or U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/302,389, having Filing Date of 2 Mar. 2016, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”. |
和/或序列号为62/302，389的美国申请，其申请日为2016年3月2日，名称为“用于对螺纹紧固件进行压紧的装置”。 |
| [0002] |
[0002] |
| This Application is related to the following patent(s), entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: U.S. Pat. No. 5,931,618, having Issue Date of 3 Aug. 1999, entitled “DIRECT TENSION INDICATING WASHERS”, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,581, having Issue Date of 23 Jun. 1998, entitled “DIRECT TENSION INDICATING WASHERS”; |
本申请涉及以下专利，其完整副本在此引入作为参考：美国专利No.5，931，618，其具有1999年8月3日的发布日期，标题为“直接张力指示垫圈”，其是美国专利No.5，769，581的延续，其具有1998年6月23日的发布日期，标题为“直接张力指示垫圈”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 6,425,718, having Issue Date of 30 Jul. 2002, entitled “DIRECT MULTI-TENSION INDICATING WASHER HAVING BUMPS OF A FIRST AND SECOND HEIGHT”; |
美国专利No.6，425，718，公开日为2002年7月30日，名称为“具有第一和第二高度的凸起的直接多张力指示垫圈”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 8,002,641, having Issue Date of 23 Aug. 2011, entitled “METHOD OF MAKING DIRECT TENSION INDICATING WASHERS”; |
美国专利第8，002，641号，公开日期为2011年8月23日，名称为“制造直接张力指示垫圈的方法”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 8,079,795, having Issue Date of 20 Dec. 2011, entitled “WASHER FOR TIGHTENING AND LOOSENING THREADED CONNECTORS”; |
美国专利第8，079，795号，其公开日期为2011年12月20日，名称为“用于压紧和松开螺纹连接件的垫圈”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 8,978,232, having Issue Date of 17 Mar. 2015, entitled “METHOD FOR TIGHTENING AND LOOSENING THREADED CONNECTORS”; |
美国专利第8，978，232号，其公开日期为2015年3月17日，名称为“用于压紧和松开螺纹连接件的垫圈”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 5,137,408, having Filing Date of Dec. 3, 1991, entitled “Fastening Device”; |
专利号5，137，408，申请日为1991年12月3日，名称为“紧固装置”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 5,318,397, having Filing Date of May 7, 1992, entitled “Mechanical Tensioner”; |
专利号5，318，397，申请日为1992年5月7日，名称为“机械张紧器”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 5,622,465, having Filing Date of Apr. 26, 1996, entitled “Lock Nut”; |
专利号5，622，465，申请日为1996年4月26日，名称为“锁定螺母”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 5,640,749, having Filing Date of Jun. 13, 1995, entitled “Method Of And Device For Elongating And Relaxing A Stud”; |
美国专利No.5，640，749，申请日为1995年6月13日，名称为“用于拉伸和松弛防螺柱的方法和装置”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 5,888,041, having Filing Date of Oct. 17, 1997, entitled “Lock Nut”; |
专利号5，888，041，申请日为1997年10月17日，名称为“锁定螺母”； |
| U. |
U 。 |
| S. |
S 。 |
| Pat. No. 6,254,322, having Filing Date of Mar. 3, 1998, entitled “Bolt With A Bolt Member, A Washer And A Sleeve For Applying Forces To The Bolt Member And The Sleeve”; |
美国专利No.6，254，322，申请日为1998年3月3日，名称为“带有螺栓构件、垫圈和向螺栓构件和套筒施加压力的套筒的螺栓”； |
| et al. |
等。 |
| BACKGROUND |
背景技术 |
| [0003] |
[0003] |
| Threaded fasteners including bolts, studs, nuts and washers are known and used in traditional bolting applications. |
包括螺栓，螺柱，螺母和垫圈的螺纹紧固件是已知的，并用于传统的螺栓连接应用中。 |
| Maintenance and repair of industrial applications begin with loosening of and end with tightening of these threaded fasteners. |
工业应用的维护和修理开始于松开这些螺纹紧固件，结束于拧紧这些螺纹紧固件。 |
| Naturally industry seeks to reduce production loss during routine, unforeseen and/or emergency maintenance and/or repair. |
自然地，工业界寻求在日常的，不可预见的和/或紧急的维护和/或修理期间减少生产损失。 |
| [0004] |
[0004] |
| Mechanical fastening with helically threaded components is typically achieved with bolts, studs, screws, nuts and washers. |
具有螺旋螺纹部件的机械紧固通常通过螺栓，螺柱，螺钉，螺母和垫圈来实现。 |
| Washers are thin members that can be placed between the fastener and the fastened component. |
垫圈是可以放置在紧固件和被紧固部件之间的薄构件。 |
| Washers are typically used to prevent frictional damage to assembled components. |
垫圈通常用于防止组装部件的摩擦损坏。 |
| Washers are also commonly used to distribute stresses evenly and to control friction losses. |
垫圈也通常用于均匀地分布应力和控制摩擦损失。 |
| [0005] |
[0005] |
| Conventional nuts are normally made from a single piece of contiguous and homogenous steel. |
传统的螺母通常由单件连续且均匀的钢制成。 |
| The external geometries normally have rotational coupling features so that they can be tightened by torqueing with an external mating device or tool. |
外部几何形状通常具有旋转联接特征，使得它们可以通过用外部配合装置或工具扭转而被紧固。 |
| The most common rotational coupling feature is a hexagon, but any other rotational coupling means is possible including features like squares, multiples hexes, slots, splines, grooves or holes. |
最常见的旋转耦合特征是六边形，但任何其它旋转耦合构件也是可能的，包括类似正方形，多个六边形，狭槽，花键，凹槽或孔的特征。 |
| Nuts normally have an inside diameter that is helically threaded to mate with a stud's thread, which allows the nut to translate on the stud with only relative rotational movement between the stud and nut. |
螺母通常具有螺旋螺纹的内径，以与螺栓的螺纹配合，这允许螺母在螺栓上平移，而只有螺栓和螺母之间的相对旋转运动。 |
| In other words, they are used to retain and or deliver load to an externally threaded fastener. |
换句话说，它们用于保持和/或向外螺纹紧固件传递载荷。 |
| [0006] |
[0006] |
| There are two methods of tightening and/or loosening a threaded fastener, torque and tension. |
有两种拧紧和/或松开螺纹紧固件的方法，扭矩和张力。 |
| Until Applicant's innovations, however, it was not possible to perform hydraulic torqueing and hydraulic tensioning with the same tool. |
然而，直到申请人的创新，才有可能用相同的工具执行液压扭矩和液压张紧。 |
| Operators needed separate tools to torque and tension threaded fasteners. |
操作者需要单独的工具来扭转和张紧螺纹紧固件。 |
| [0007] |
[0007] |
| Torque has benefits in that it: can be applied to most existing threaded fasteners; |
扭矩的优点在于：它可以应用于大多数现有的螺纹紧固件； |
| is accurate within five percent (5 %) of pre-calculated turning resistance of nut; |
在预先计算的螺母转动阻力5%以内准确； |
| avoids unintended loosening; |
避免意外松动； |
| assures more even circumferential bolt load than tension; |
保证周向螺栓载荷比拉力均匀； |
| and overcomes uneven lubrication applications, foreign particulate underneath the nut or on top of the flange and minor thread damage. |
并且克服了不均匀的润滑应用，螺母下方或凸缘顶部上的外来颗粒以及微小的螺纹损坏。 |
| Torque, however, has detriments in that it: is subject to thread friction and facial friction, both of which are unknown; |
然而，扭矩的不利之处在于它经受螺纹摩擦和表面摩擦，这两者都是未知的； |
| requires use of back-up wrench applied to the nut on the other side of the application to keep still the bottom portion of the threaded fastener; |
需要使用施加于应用另一侧的螺母的备用扳手来保持螺纹紧固件的底部静止； |
| results in unknown residual bolt load; |
产生未知的残余螺栓载荷； |
| and is subject to bolt torsion and side load, both of which adversely affect bolting applications. |
并且经受螺栓扭转和侧向载荷，这两者不利地影响螺栓连接应用。 |
| Sustainable and accurate use of torque in bolting requires establishing thread and bearing facial frictions and eliminating torsion and side load. |
在螺栓连接中扭矩的可持续和精确的使用需要建立螺纹和承受面摩擦以及消除扭矩和侧向载荷。 |
| [0008] |
[0008] |
| Tension has benefits in that it is torsion- and side load-free. |
张力的无扭转和侧向载荷的优点。 |
| Tension, however, has detriments in that it: requires the bolt to stick out by at least its diameter over and about the nut, so that it can be pulled upwards by a tensioner, which often necessitates bolt and nut replacement; |
然而，张力的不利之处在于：它要求螺栓在螺母上方和周围伸出至少其直径，使得它可以被张紧器向上拉动，这通常需要更换螺栓和螺母； |
| is accurate only within 25 % of assumed turning resistance; |
精度仅在假定回转阻力的25%以内； |
| yields unpredictable, manual nut seating; |
产生不可预测的手动螺母座； |
| is subject to thread friction and facial friction, both of which are unknown; |
螺纹摩擦和面摩擦均未知； |
| often over pulls, not stretches the fastener; |
经常过拉，不拉伸扣件； |
| results in uncontrollable fastener relaxation due to load transfer from puller; |
由于来自拉拔器的载荷传递，导致不可控制的紧固件松弛； |
| and results in unknown residual bolt load. |
产生未知的残余螺栓载荷。 |
| Sustainable and accurate use of tension in bolting requires eliminating stud/bolt pulling and load transfer. |
在螺栓连接中可持续和精确地使用张力需要消除双头螺栓/螺栓拉力和载荷传递。 |
| [0009] |
[0009] |
| Torque power tools are known in the art and include those pneumatically, electrically and hydraulically driven. |
扭矩动力工具在本领域中是已知的，并且包括那些气动，电动和液压驱动的。 |
| Torque power tools produce a turning force to tighten and/or loosen the threaded fastener and an equal and opposite reaction force. |
扭矩动力工具产生拧紧和/或松开螺纹紧固件的转动力和相等且相反的作用力。 |
| Hydraulic tensioners use a puller to apply hydraulic pressure to the bolt, which is usually results in a 10 %-20 % higher than desired bolt elongation, causing the stud to be over pulled. |
液压张紧器使用拉拔器来向螺栓施加液压，这通常导致比期望的螺栓伸长率高10%-20%，从而导致螺栓被过度拉拔。 |
| Then the nut is hand tightened until snug; |
然后用手拧紧螺母直至贴合； |
| the pressure on the cylinder is released; |
释放气缸上的压力； |
| the stud springs back; |
螺柱回弹； |
| and the load is transferred from the bridge to the nut thereby compressing the joint with clamping force. |
载荷从桥传递到螺母，从而利用夹紧力压紧接头。 |
| [0010] |
[0010] |
| Related to torque, traditional reaction fixtures abut against viable and accessible stationary objects, such as adjacent fasteners, to stop the housing of the tool from turning backward while the fastener turns forward. |
与扭矩有关，传统的作用固定装置抵靠在可行的和可接近的固定物体（例如相邻的紧固件）上，以在紧固件向前转动时阻止工具的壳体向后转动。 |
| This abutment force applies a pulling force, or side load, perpendicular to the bolt axis on the nut to be tightened or loosened. |
该邻接力在待拧紧或松开的螺母上施加垂直于螺栓轴线的拉力或侧向载荷。 |
| The reaction force of square drive tools travels through the reaction arm trying to twist off the cylinder end of the tool and/or bend the drive. |
方形驱动工具的作用力穿过作用臂，试图扭转工具的缸端和/或弯曲驱动器。 |
| Note Applicant's innovation in coaxial reaction force transfer found in the HYTORC® AVANT®. |
注意申请人在HYTORC ®AVANT ®中发现的同轴作用力转移方面的创新。 |
| Evolution of traditional reaction fixtures of the prior art are disclosed, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos.: |
现有技术的传统反应夹具的改进公开在例如申请人的美国专利中： |
| 4, |
4, |
| 671, |
671, |
| 142; |
142; |
| 4, |
4, |
| 706, |
706, |
| 526; |
526; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 016, |
016, |
| 502; |
502; |
| Re. |
Re 。 |
| 33, |
33, |
| 951; |
951; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 152, |
152, |
| 243; |
243; |
| D500060; |
D500060； |
| and 7,765,895, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference. |
和7，765，895，其完整副本通过引用并入本文。 |
| [0011] |
[0011] |
| Industry has been moving away from cumbersome and complicated hydraulic tensioners, yet also from torqueing due to the torsion and side load applied to the fastener. |
工业上已经摆脱了笨重和复杂的液压张紧器，还摆脱了由于施加到紧固件上的扭转和侧向载荷而产生的扭转。 |
| Indeed mechanical tensioning is quite popular. |
实际上，机械张紧非常流行。 |
| [0012] |
[0012] |
| Applicant advanced bolting and solved many bolting challenges with its HYTORC NUT™ mechanical tensioner product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人利用其HYTORCNUTTM 机械张紧器生产线和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具改进了螺栓连接并解决了许多螺栓连接问题。 |
| The HYTORC NUT™ is an example of a self-reacting nut and includes an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a washer. |
HYTORCNUTTM 是自反应螺母的例子，并且包括内套筒，外套筒和垫圈。 |
| It uses the washer as a reaction point for the application of input torque to the outer sleeve. |
它使用垫圈作为将输入扭矩施加到外套筒的作用点。 |
| In a self-reacting fastener the outer sleeve functions as the nut while the inner sleeve becomes an extension of the stud and is rotationally coupled with the washer. |
在自作用紧固件中，外套筒用作螺母，而内套筒成为螺柱的延伸部分并与垫圈旋转连接。 |
| This rotational coupling prevents sliding motion between the inner sleeve and stud threads during the application of torque to the outer sleeve. |
这种旋转联接防止了在向外套筒施加扭矩期间内套筒和双头螺栓螺纹之间的滑动运动。 |
| Self-reacting nuts with the same external geometry as conventional nuts suffer from higher bearing surface stresses. |
具有与传统螺母相同的外部几何形状的自作用螺母承受较高的支承表面应力。 |
| The bearing surface stresses are higher because the outer sleeve inside diameter is increased to allow space for the inner sleeve causing a thinner wall thickness than standard nuts. |
轴承表面应力较高，因为外套筒的内径增大，从而为内套筒留出空间，壁厚比标准螺母薄。 |
| [0013] |
[0013] |
| Additionally devices of coupling or mating a reaction or an output shaft of a torque output device to fasteners used in bolting also are known. |
另外，将扭矩输出装置的作用轴或输出轴配合到用于螺栓连接的紧固件的装置也是已知的。 |
| Self-reacting three-piece mechanical tensioner fasteners typically have spline, hex or square features to allow torsion coupling with the reaction member of the torque input device. |
自作用三件式机械张紧器紧固件通常具有花键，六角形或方形特征，以允许与扭矩输入装置的作用构件进行扭转联接。 |
| This is achieved with machined rotational interferences between two parts. |
这通过两个部件之间的机械旋转干涉来实现。 |
| The interference is typically created with a male and female engagement between any two mating features that prevent rotation between the two parts. |
该干涉通常由任何两个配合部件之间的阳和阴接合产生，该配合部件防止两个部件之间的旋转。 |
| [0014] |
[0014] |
| Applicant advanced bolting and solved many bolting challenges with its HYTORC SMARTSTUD™ mechanical tensioner product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人利用其HYTORCSMARTSTUDTM 机械张紧器生产线和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具改进了螺栓连接并解决了许多螺栓连接问题。 |
| The HYTORC SMARTSTUD™ is an example of a three-piece mechanical tensioning stud device. |
HYTORC SMARTSTUDTM 是三件式机械张紧螺栓装置的一个例子。 |
| They consist of a stud, nut and washer. |
它们由螺栓，螺母和垫圈组成。 |
| The stud has external threads on both ends. |
螺柱在两端具有外螺纹。 |
| Under the upper thread the stud will also have a spline or other geometry to create a rotational coupling with the inner diameter of the washer. |
在上部螺纹下，柱栓还具有花键或其它几何形状，以与垫圈的内径形成旋转联接。 |
| The topside of the stud will also have a spline or other geometry to allow rotational coupling with the reaction shaft of the torque input device. |
螺柱的顶侧还具有花键或其它几何形状以允许与转矩输入装置的作用轴旋转联接。 |
| The nut is internally threaded to mate with the threads on the topside of stud. |
螺母具有内螺纹以与螺柱顶侧上的螺纹配合。 |
| The nut will have a spline or other geometry to allow the introduction of torque from torque input device. |
螺母将具有花键或其它几何形状以允许从扭矩输入装置引入扭矩。 |
| The washer has an internal geometry that will mate rotationally with the spline or other geometry under the top thread of the stud. |
垫圈具有内部几何形状，该内部几何形状将与花键或双头螺栓的顶部螺纹下面的其它几何形状旋转配合。 |
| [0015] |
[0015] |
| In bolting applications stresses are typically near the elastic limits of the materials. |
在螺栓连接应用中，应力通常接近材料的弹性极限。 |
| The reaction feature that couples the HYTORC SMARTSTUD™ to the torque input device typically has to be oversized to prevent elastic material failures. |
将HYTORCSMARTSTUDTM 连接到转矩输入装置的作用部件通常必须尺寸过大以防止弹性材料失效。 |
| Therefore it is not possible with known coupling features to carry the high magnitude of torque with an internal feature such as a square, hexagon or internal spline hole in the top surface of the stud. |
因此，不可能利用已知的联接特征来承载具有内部特征的大的扭矩，所述内部特征例如是柱栓的顶表面中的正方形，六边形或内部花键孔。 |
| Consequently bolting applications that are subject to high stress must have an external feature on the topside of the stud that will allow the coupling of a sufficiently sized reaction shaft from the torque input device. |
因此，承受高应力的螺栓连接应用必须在螺栓的顶侧具有外部特征，该外部特征将允许足够尺寸的作用轴与扭矩输入装置连接。 |
| [0016] |
[0016] |
| In other words, the HYTORC NUT™ has two sleeves, one inside the other, whereby the inner sleeve is connected with a splined washer to allow an axial movement of the inner sleeve only. |
换句话说，HYTORCNUTTM 具有两个套筒，一个在另一个的内部，由此内套筒与花键垫圈连接以仅允许内套筒的轴向运动。 |
| It is screwed onto a stud or bolt as a unit. |
它作为一个单元被拧到螺栓或螺栓上。 |
| A proprietary driver holds onto the inner sleeve and turns the outer sleeve. |
专用驱动器保持在内套筒上并转动外套筒。 |
| The stud is drawn upward along with the inner sleeve and tensioned without over-extension and spring-back, as with a hydraulic tensioner. |
螺柱与内套筒一起被向上拉，并被拉紧而没有过度拉伸和回弹，如同液压张紧器一样。 |
| The inner nut never turns against the threads of the stud under load, eliminating the possibility of bolt thread galling or other damage. |
内螺母在负载下从不转动抵靠螺柱的螺纹，消除了螺栓螺纹磨损或其它损坏的可能性。 |
| The HYTORC NUT™: |
HYTORCNUTTM ： |
| mechanically utilizes the action and reaction force of the tool during tightening and loosening; |
机械上利用松开和拧紧时工具的作用和作用力； |
| converts torque to torsion-free bolt stretching rather than pulling as in tension; |
将扭矩转换为无扭矩螺栓拉伸，而不是拉伸； |
| allows precision bolt load calibration with accurate setting of and achieving of desired, residual bolt elongation or load, as compared to torque; |
允许精确的螺栓载荷校准，与扭矩相比，精确地设定并实现所需的残余螺栓伸长或载荷； |
| eliminates side-load, torsion, load transfer and relaxation, reaction arms, backup wrenches, pullers and bridges; |
消除了侧向载荷，扭转，载荷传递和松弛，作用臂，备用扳手，牵引器和桥； |
| eliminates bolt elongation measurements for critical applications; |
消除用于关键应用的螺栓伸长测量； |
| increases safety, error-free bolting, joint reliability and speed; |
提高了安全性，无误螺栓连接，接头可靠性和速度； |
| cuts bolting times by over 50 %; |
减少抽薹次数50%以上； |
| and works on all joints without alteration. |
所有节理均不改变。 |
| It improves torque and tension by stretching bolts instead of pulling them preventing unsafe and fastener and joint damaging mechanical rebound. |
它通过拉伸螺栓而不是拉螺栓来提高扭矩和张力，防止不安全和紧固件和接头损坏的机械回弹。 |
| The operator sets and achieves the bolt load anywhere from 30 % to 90 % of the yield. |
操作者设定并实现从产量的30%到90%的任何螺栓载荷。 |
| [0017] |
[0017] |
| Evolution of the HYTORC NUT™ and the HYTORC SMARTSTUD™ are disclosed, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos.: |
HYTORCNUTTM 和HYTORCSMARTSTUDTM 的演变公开在例如申请人的美国专利中： |
| 5, |
5, |
| 318, |
318, |
| 397; |
397; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 499, |
499, |
| 9558; |
9558; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 341, |
341, |
| 560; |
560; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 539, |
539, |
| 970; |
970; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 538, |
538, |
| 379; |
379; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 640, |
640, |
| 749; |
749; |
| 5, |
5, |
| 946, |
946, |
| 789; |
789; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 152, |
152, |
| 243; |
243; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 230, |
230, |
| 589; |
589; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 254, |
254, |
| 323; |
323; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 254, |
254, |
| 323; |
323; |
| and 6,461,093, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference. |
和6，461，093，其完整副本通过引用并入本文。 |
| [0018] |
[0018] |
| The HYTORC NUT™ and the HYTORC SMARTSTUD™, however, has its set of challenges. |
然而，HYTORCNUTTM 和HYTORCSMARTSTUDTM 具有其一系列挑战。 |
| End users must replace standard nuts with precisely machined, treated and lubricated units. |
最终用户必须用精确加工，处理和润滑的单元替换标准螺母。 |
| Additionally the inner sleeve needs to be relatively radially thick at the point of connection with the washer. |
另外，内套筒在与垫圈的连接点处需要相对径向厚。 |
| Sometimes this connection can hold the entire reaction force applied to the outer sleeve. |
有时这种连接可以保持施加到外套筒上的全部作用力。 |
| In addition, they are costly to produce and often difficult to sell to cost minimizing, traditional bolting end-users. |
另外，它们的制造成本高，并且通常难以销售，从而使传统的螺栓连接终端用户的成本最小化。 |
| Further in some versions of the HYTORC NUT™, the nut has to be made with two sleeves whose outside diameter has to meet the outside diameter of a regular nut, so both sleeves have less material than a regular nut. |
此外，在HYTORCNUTTM 的一些型式中，螺母必须由两个套筒制成，所述套筒的外径必须满足常规螺母的外径，因此两个套筒具有比常规螺母少的材料。 |
| This requires the use of high strength materials, which causes reluctance on the part of the customers to change materials and fear of the unknown. |
这需要使用高强度材料，这使得部分用户不愿意更换材料并且担心未知。 |
| In other versions of the HYTORC NUT™, the bolt needs to be altered, which is costly and not easily acceptable by industry. |
在HYTORCNUTTM 的其它版本中，螺栓需要被改变，这是昂贵的并且不容易被工业接受。 |
| [0019] |
[0019] |
| Applicant further advanced industrial bolting and solved many bolting challenges with its HYTORC WASHER™ product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人利用其HYTORCWASHERTM 生产线和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具进一步改进了工业螺栓连接并解决了许多螺栓连接问题。 |
| The HYTORC WASHER™ was the first example of reaction washers used as reaction points for torqueing nuts and bolts on helically threaded fasteners. |
HYTORCWASHERTM 是用作扭转螺旋螺纹紧固件上的螺母和螺栓的作用点的作用垫圈的第一个例子。 |
| Reaction washers are positioned in the bolt or stud load path and therefore always experience the same and identical loading. |
作用垫圈定位在螺栓或双头螺栓载荷路径中，因此总是经受相同的载荷。 |
| In reaction washer systems rotational torque is applied to the top nut or bolt while the opposing reaction torque is imparted on the reaction washer. |
在作用垫圈系统中，旋转扭矩施加到顶部螺母或螺栓上，而相反的作用扭矩施加到作用垫圈上。 |
| The top nut or bolt and the mating reaction washer experience the same and identical load and torque. |
顶部螺母或螺栓和配合的作用垫圈经受相同和相同的载荷和扭矩。 |
| Therefore only the frictional forces govern relative movement. |
因此，只有摩擦力控制相对运动。 |
| The component with the lower friction coefficient will have a tendency to move while the other component will remain relatively anchored. |
具有较低摩擦系数的部件将具有移动的趋势，而其它部件将保持相对固定。 |
| [0020] |
[0020] |
| The HYTORC WASHER™ self-reacting load washer has an inner thread segment connected with the thread of a traditional bolt. |
HYTORCWASHERTM 自反应负载垫圈具有与传统螺栓的螺纹连接的内螺纹段。 |
| It fits under a regular nut and stops the bolt from turning, while providing a reaction point for the driving tool. |
它安装在常规螺母下并阻止螺栓转动，同时为驱动工具提供作用点。 |
| It is tightened with a proprietary dual socket. |
它与专有的双套接字紧密结合。 |
| An outer socket holds on the washer, and an inner socket turns the regular nut, thereby drawing the stud up through the washer. |
外套筒保持在垫圈上，内套筒转动常规螺母，从而通过垫圈向上拉螺栓。 |
| The tool's reaction force is converted into a holding force that holds the HYTORC WASHER™ stationary. |
工具的作用力被转换成保持HYTORCWASHERTM 静止的保持力。 |
| This keeps the segment and thus the bolt stationary when the nut is being turned until bolt elongation causes an axial segment to move in the inside of the HYTORC WASHER™. |
当螺母被转动时，这保持该段和螺栓静止，直到螺栓伸长引起轴向段在HYTORCWASHERTM 的内部移动。 |
| It improves torque and tension by stretching bolts instead of pulling them. |
它通过拉伸螺栓而不是拉螺栓来提高扭矩和张力。 |
| The lack of load-transfer-relaxation, or mechanical rebound, allows stretching to 90 % of yield. |
载荷传递松弛或机械回弹的缺乏允许拉伸到90%的屈服。 |
| [0021] |
[0021] |
| The HYTORC WASHER™: |
HYTORCWASHERTM ： |
| provides a known bearing facial friction for a more even residual bolt load; |
为更均匀的残余螺栓载荷提供已知的支承面摩擦； |
| requires no precision-machining of the spot face; |
不需要对点面进行精加工； |
| minimizes the torsion and side-load of the bolting procedure; |
使螺栓连接过程的扭转和侧向载荷最小化； |
| prevents the bolt from turning along with the nut; |
防止螺栓随螺母转动； |
| creates straight axial bolt stretch without the need for reaction arms and back-up wrenches; |
产生直的轴向螺栓拉伸，而不需要作用臂和备用扳手； |
| increases residual bolt load and evenness of circumferential joint compression; |
增加了残余螺栓载荷和环向接头压缩的均匀性； |
| reduces set-up time; |
减少安装时间； |
| increases bolting speed; |
提高抽薹速度； |
| allows for bolting to become axially oriented and hands-free even on inverted applications; |
即使在倒置的应用中，也允许螺栓连接变成轴向取向不用手； |
| increases bolting safety; |
增加栓接安全性； |
| and minimizes risk of fastener and joint damage. |
并且使紧固件和接头损坏的风险最小化。 |
| [0022] |
[0022] |
| Evolution of the HYTORC WASHER™ product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith is disclosed, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos.: |
HYTORCWASHERTM 产品系列发展以及与其一起使用的驱动器和工具公开在例如申请人的美国专利中： |
| 6, |
6, |
| 490, |
490, |
| 952; |
952; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 609, |
609, |
| 868; |
868; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 929, |
929, |
| 439; |
439; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 883, |
883, |
| 401; |
401; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 986, |
986, |
| 298; |
298; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 003, |
003, |
| 862; |
862; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 066, |
066, |
| 053; |
053; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 125, |
125, |
| 213; |
213; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 188, |
188, |
| 552; |
552; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 207, |
207, |
| 760; |
760; |
| and 7,735,397, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference. |
和7，735，397，其完整副本通过引用并入本文。 |
| [0023] |
[0023] |
| The HYTORC WASHER™, however, has its set of challenges. |
然而，HYTORCWASHERTM 具有其一系列挑战。 |
| It adds unnecessary height to bolting applications. |
这为螺栓连接应用增加了不必要的高度。 |
| End users often must replace standard studs and bolts with longer versions due to regulations requiring two or more threads to protrude from the nut upon tightening. |
由于要求两个或多个螺纹在拧紧时从螺母突出的规定，最终用户经常必须用更长的版本替换标准的双头螺栓和螺栓。 |
| In addition, the HYTORC WASHER™ is more costly to produce than traditional washers and often difficult to sell to cost minimizing, traditional bolting end-users. |
另外，HYTORCWASHERTM 的生产成本比传统的洗涤器高，并且通常难以销售成本最小化的传统螺栓连接终端用户。 |
| Furthermore the HYTORC WASHER™ turns freely and in the opposite direction if the nut friction is higher. |
此外，如果螺母摩擦力较高，HYTORCWASHERTM 在相反方向上自由转动。 |
| During operation the HYTORC WASHER™ has two facial frictions and the nut has a facial and a thread friction, so the overall friction of each is nearly identical, which means that the HYTORC WASHER™ may turn or the nut may turn. |
在操作期间，HYTORCWASHERTM 具有两个面摩擦，并且螺母具有面摩擦和螺纹摩擦，因此每个的总摩擦几乎相同，这意味着HYTORCWASHERTM 可以转动或者螺母可以转动。 |
| To avoid this a pre-load is required which cannot be achieved if both the HYTORC WASHER™ and nut are simultaneously turned down. |
为了避免这种情况，需要预加载，如果HYTORCWASHERTM 和螺母同时向下转动，则不能实现预加载。 |
| Finally despite elimination of side load and torsion, corrosion still accumulates in the threads thereby not eliminating thread galling. |
最后，尽管消除了侧向载荷和扭矩，但是腐蚀仍然积聚在螺纹中，从而不能消除螺纹磨损。 |
| [0024] |
[0024] |
| Applicant further advanced industrial bolting and solved many bolting challenges with its HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人利用其HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 生产线和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具进一步改进了工业螺栓连接并解决了许多螺栓连接问题。 |
| This self-reacting all-purpose washer used for tightening and loosening threaded connectors including a nut, a bolt having an axis and introduced into an object with interposition of the washer between the nut and the object so that a first bearing face surface of the washer on one axial side cooperates with a nut and a second bearing face surface of the washer on an opposite axial side cooperates with the object. |
一种用于拧紧和松开螺纹连接器的自反应通用垫圈，包括螺母，具有轴线并被引入物体中的螺栓，垫圈插入螺母和物体之间，使得垫圈在一个轴向侧的第一支承面表面与螺母配合，垫圈在相对的轴向侧的第二支承面表面与物体配合。 |
| The washer includes: a radially outer body having a radially inner opening adapted to be larger than a diameter of the bolt and a radially outer surface adapted to absorb a reaction force of a tool; |
该垫圈包括：径向外主体，其具有适于大于螺栓直径的径向内开口和适于吸收工具的作用力的径向外表面； |
| a radially inner segment engageable with a thread of the bolt, located radially inside the outer body in the radially inner opening, and connectable to the outer body with a limited axial frictional movement relative to the body; |
可与所述螺栓的螺纹接合的径向内部段，所述径向内部段在所述径向内部开口中径向地位于所述外部主体内，并且能够以相对于所述主体的有限轴向摩擦运动连接到所述外部主体； |
| and a spacer adapted to be located between the radially inner segment and the nut and located also radially inside the outer body in the radially inner opening and axially spaced from the radially inner segment. |
以及间隔件，该间隔件适于定位在径向内部段和螺母之间，并且还定位在径向内部开口中的外主体的径向内侧，并且与径向内部段轴向地间隔开。 |
| The outer body, the radially inner segment, and the spacer are assemble-able and disassemble-able from one another and are usable jointly or individually. |
外部主体，径向内部段和间隔件可彼此组装和拆卸，并可共同或单独使用。 |
| [0025] |
[0025] |
| Applicant used the radially outer body and the radially inner segment interposed together between the nut and the object for applications when even and accurate bolt elongation was necessary. |
当需要均匀和精确的螺栓伸长时，申请人在应用中使用了一起插入在螺母和物体之间的径向外主体和径向内部分。 |
| When the nut is turned by the tool at the given force the radially outer body receives the given force in an opposite direction from the tool. |
当螺母在给定的力下被工具转动时，径向外部主体在与工具相反的方向上接收给定的力。 |
| The radially outer body stands still while the radially inner segment engaging with the thread of the bolt positively stops the bolt from turning. |
当与螺栓的螺纹接合的径向内部段确实地阻止螺栓转动时，径向外部主体保持静止。 |
| The bolt only elongates or relaxes. |
螺栓仅伸长或松弛。 |
| In this case the washer composed of the radially outer body and the radially inner segment functions as a tension washer. |
在这种情况下，由径向外主体和径向内部分组成的垫圈用作张力垫圈。 |
| [0026] |
[0026] |
| Applicant used the radially outer body, the radially inner segment and the spacer interposed between the nut and the object for applications when a precise bolt elongation was needed and a bolt elongation must be controlled. |
申请人需要精确的螺栓伸长并且必须控制螺栓伸长时，使用径向外部主体，径向内部部分和置于螺母和物体之间的间隔件。 |
| When the nut is turned by the tool at the given force the radially outer body receives the given force in an opposite direction from the tool. |
当螺母在给定的力下被工具转动时，径向外部主体在与工具相反的方向上接收给定的力。 |
| The radially outer body stands still while the radially inner segment engaging with the threads of the bolt positively stops the bolt from turning. |
当与螺栓的螺纹接合的径向内部段确实地阻止螺栓转动时，径向外部主体保持静止。 |
| The bolt only elongates or relaxes and at the same time the radially inner segment moves axially while the spacer limits the axial movement of the segment. |
螺栓仅伸长或松弛，同时径向内部段轴向移动，而间隔件限制段的轴向移动。 |
| In this case the washer composed of the radially outer body, the radially inner segment, and the spacer functions as a high precision washer. |
在这种情况下，由径向外体，径向内段和间隔件构成的垫圈用作高精度垫圈。 |
| [0027] |
[0027] |
| Applicant used only the radially outer body of the washer interposed between the nut and the object for regular applications when an even and accurate bolt elongation was not necessary. |
当不需要均匀和精确的螺栓伸长时，申请人仅将插入在螺母和物体之间的垫圈的径向外部主体用于常规应用。 |
| The radially outer surface of the body is used to absorb the equal and opposite reaction force when the tool applies the turning force to the nut. |
主体的径向外表面用于在工具向螺母施加旋转力时吸收相等且相反的作用力。 |
| The nut turns but the radially outer body stands still, and in this case the washer composed only of the radially outer body functions as a reaction washer. |
螺母转动，但径向外主体保持静止，在这种情况下，仅由径向外主体构成的垫圈用作作用垫圈。 |
| [0028] |
[0028] |
| The HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ provides many of the advantages of the HYTORC WASHER™ in a lower cost and more flexible package. |
HYTORC SMARTWASHERTM 以更低的成本和更灵活的包装提供了HYTORCWASHERTM 的许多优点。 |
| Evolution of the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith is disclosed, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 8,079,795, an entire copy of which is incorporated herein by reference. |
HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 生产线的发展和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具公开在例如申请人的美国专利No.8，079，795中，其整个副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| [0029] |
[0029] |
| The HYTORC SMARTWASHER™, however, has its set of challenges, similar to those of the HYTORC WASHER™. |
然而，HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 具有类似于HYTORCWASHERTM 的一组挑战。 |
| It adds unnecessary height to bolting applications. |
这为螺栓连接应用增加了不必要的高度。 |
| End users often must replace standard studs and bolts with longer versions due to regulations requiring two or more threads to protrude from the nut upon tightening. |
由于要求两个或多个螺纹在拧紧时从螺母突出的规定，最终用户经常必须用更长的版本替换标准的双头螺栓和螺栓。 |
| In addition, the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ is more costly to produce than traditional washers and often difficult to sell to cost minimizing, traditional bolting end-users. |
另外，HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 比传统的垫圈的生产成本更高，并且通常很难销售成本最小化的传统螺栓连接终端用户。 |
| Notably Applicant believed that even, accurate and precise bolt elongation was not possible when only the radially outer body of the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ is used as a reaction washer. |
值得注意的是，申请人认为，当仅使用HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 的径向外体作为作用垫圈时，不可能实现均匀，精确和精确的螺栓伸长。 |
| Additionally use of the threaded insert with the radially outer body yielded even and accurate bolt elongation but travel of the stud is limited to the washer thickness. |
另外，使用具有径向外部主体的螺纹插入件产生均匀和精确的螺栓伸长，但是双头螺栓的行程限于垫圈厚度。 |
| Travel is hindered further with use of the spacer. |
使用间隔件进一步阻碍了行进。 |
| Finally despite elimination of side load and torsion, corrosion still accumulates in the threads thereby not eliminating thread galling. |
最后，尽管消除了侧向载荷和扭矩，但是腐蚀仍然积聚在螺纹中，从而不能消除螺纹磨损。 |
| [0030] |
[0030] |
| Furthermore the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ turns freely and in the opposite direction if the nut friction is higher. |
此外，如果螺母摩擦力较高，HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 在相反方向上自由转动。 |
| During operation the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ has two facial frictions and the nut has a facial and a thread friction, so the overall friction of each is nearly identical, which means that the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ may turn or the nut may turn. |
在操作过程中，HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 具有两个表面摩擦，而螺母具有一个表面摩擦和一个螺纹摩擦，因此它们的总摩擦几乎相同，这意味着HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 可以转动或者螺母可以转动。 |
| To avoid this a pre-load is required which cannot be achieved if both the HYTORC SMARTWASHER™ and nut are simultaneously turned down. |
为了避免这种情况，需要一个预载荷，如果HYTORCSMARTWASHERTM 和螺母同时向下转动，则不能实现该预载荷。 |
| [0031] |
[0031] |
| With conventional reaction washer systems, lubricant must be applied to selectively bias the washer to remain still under higher friction than the nut or stud. |
对于传统的反应垫圈系统，必须施加润滑剂以选择性地偏压垫圈，使其保持在比螺母或螺栓更高的摩擦力下。 |
| This allows the stud or nut to turn and generate load through helical mating threads. |
这允许螺柱或螺母转动并通过螺旋配合螺纹产生载荷。 |
| The required lubricant biasing is an undesirable and difficult to control step in the process of installing reaction washers. |
在安装作用垫圈的过程中，所需的润滑剂偏压是不希望的并且难以控制的步骤。 |
| Even small amounts of lubricant on a conventional reaction washer will have the adverse effect of allowing the reaction washer to turn or slip before the nut or bolt. |
即使在传统的反应垫圈上有少量的润滑剂，也会对反应垫圈在螺母或螺栓之前转动或滑动产生不利影响。 |
| When the washer turns before the helically threaded bolt or nut the system cannot generate bolt load. |
当垫圈在螺旋螺栓或螺母之前转动时，系统不能产生螺栓载荷。 |
| Improper management of lubrication or frictional surfaces often results in inadvertent sliding or turning of conventional reaction washers. |
润滑或摩擦表面的不适当管理经常导致常规反应洗涤器的无意滑动或转动。 |
| [0032] |
[0032] |
| Other examples of reaction washers in the prior art include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,462,007 and 7,857,566, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference. |
现有技术中的反应洗涤器的其它实例包括在美国专利No.7，462，007和7，857，566中公开的那些，它们的完整副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| These reaction washers are meant as substitutes for jam nuts and Belleville washers as they resiliently deform under load to store pre-load or live load energy. |
这些作用垫圈是作为锁紧螺母和贝氏垫圈的替代品，因为它们在负载下弹性变形以储存预负载或活负载能量。 |
| In most embodiments, the incorporation of a threaded bore seeks to minimize side loading on the bolt. |
在大多数实施例中，螺纹孔的结合试图使螺栓上的侧向载荷最小化。 |
| The area that contacts the object of these concave and/or convex reaction washers is low compared to the total surface area of the bottom washer surface. |
与这些凹的和/或凸的作用垫圈的物体接触的面积小于底部垫圈表面的总表面积。 |
| A threadless bore is disclosed in one embodiment. |
在一个实施例中公开了一种无螺纹孔。 |
| Friction enhancements include protrusions, like the points of the hexagonal washer shape or planar knurled extensions, which bite or dig into the object surface. |
摩擦增强包括突起，如六边形垫圈形状的点或平面滚花延伸，其咬入或插入物体表面。 |
| A substantially flat reaction washer is also disclosed having no friction enhancements. |
还公开了一种没有摩擦增强的基本平坦的反应垫圈。 |
| [0033] |
[0033] |
| Applicant made efforts to increase fastener rotation speeds in fluid operated torque power tools. |
申请人努力增加流体操作扭矩动力工具中的紧固件旋转速度。 |
| The HYTORC® XXI® is a fluid operated wrench having: a fluid-operated drive including a cylinder; |
所述HYTORC ®XXI ®是流体操作扳手，其具有：包括汽缸的流体操作驱动器； |
| a piston reciprocatingly movable in the cylinder and having a piston rod with a piston rod end; |
活塞，其能够在气缸内往复运动，并具有活塞杆，该活塞杆具有活塞杆端部； |
| a ratchet mechanism having a ratchet provided with a plurality of teeth; |
棘轮机构，具有设置有多个齿的棘轮； |
| and at least two pawls operatably connectable with the piston rod end and engageable with a teeth of the ratchet so that during an advance stroke of the piston one of the at least two pawls engages with at least one ratchet tooth while the other of the at least two ratchets over at least one ratchet tooth, |
以及至少两个棘爪，所述至少两个棘爪可操作地与所述活塞杆端部连接并且可与所述棘轮的齿接合，使得在所述活塞的前进冲程期间，所述至少两个棘爪中的一个与至少一个棘轮齿接合，而所述至少两个棘轮中的另一个越过至少一个棘轮齿， |
| while during a return stroke of the piston the other of the at least two pawls engages with at least one ratchet tooth while the one of the at least two pawls ratchets over at least one ratchet tooth. |
在活塞的返回冲程期间，所述至少两个棘爪中的另一个与至少一个棘轮齿接合，而所述至少两个棘爪中的一个在至少一个棘轮齿上棘轮。 |
| At least one of the at least two pawls is disengageable from and liftable above the teeth of the ratchet. |
所述至少两个棘爪中的至少一个可从所述棘轮的齿脱离并且可在所述棘轮的齿。 |
| The HYTORC® XXI® also includes a disengaging unit which is activatable by an operator separately from the drive and can act on at least one pawl so as to distinguish it from and lift it above the ratchet teeth. |
HYTORC ®XXI ®还包括分离装置，其可由操作者独立于驱动器启动，并可作用在至少一个棘爪上，以便将其与棘齿区分开并将其提升到棘齿上方。 |
| This anti-backlash feature permits the ratchet to turn backwards to release buildup torsion and material flex, so that the fluid operated wrench can be taken off a job. |
该消隙特征允许棘轮向后转动以释放积聚的扭矩和材料弯曲，从而流体操作的扳手可脱离工作。 |
| The HYTORC® XXI® is the first continuously rotating hydraulic wrench in the world. |
HYTORC ®XXI ®是世界上第一个连续旋转的液压扳手。 |
| That makes this tool up to three times faster than any other wrench on the market. |
这使得该工具比市场上的任何其它扳手快三倍。 |
| Note that the benefits of the HYTORC NUT™ and the HYTORC WASHER™ are accentuated when used with the HYTORC® XXI®. |
注意，当与HYTORC ®XXI ®一起使用时，HYTORCNUTTM 和HYTORCWASHERTM 的益处得到加强。 |
| The HYTORC® XXI® is disclosed in Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,298,752, an entire copy of which is incorporated herein by reference. |
HYTORC ®XXI ®公开于申请人的美国专利No.6，298，752中，其完整副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| [0034] |
[0034] |
| Applicant then applied its thorough understanding and innovation in torque power tools to hand-held pneumatic torque intensifying tools, specifically by creating the HYTORC® jGUN® product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
然后，申请人将其对转矩动力工具的全面理解和创新应用于手持式气动转矩增强工具，特别是通过创建HYTORC ®jGUN ®生产线和驱动器以及与其一起使用的工具。 |
| Applicant markets these tools under the trade names of HYTORC® jGUN® Single Speed, Dual Speed and Dual Speed Plus. |
申请人以商品名HYTORC ®jGUN ®单速，双速和双速Plus 销售这些工具。 |
| Once the nut hits the flange surface the turning degree to tighten or loosen it up is very little. |
一旦螺母撞击凸缘表面，拧紧或松开它的转动程度非常小。 |
| Customers desire high turning speeds to quickly run down or up nuts. |
消费者希望高的转动速度来快速地降低或升高螺母。 |
| Known impact wrenches, which provided a high run down and run off speed, had disadvantages of inaccuracy and slow rotation once the nut hit the flange face. |
已知的冲击扳手提供了高的下冲速度和下冲速度，其具有不精确的缺点，并且一旦螺母撞击凸缘面时旋转缓慢。 |
| Conversely, known handheld torque power tools were torque accurate, but relatively slow in run up and run down of fasteners. |
相反，已知的手持式扭矩动力工具是扭矩精确的，但是在紧固件的上升和下降中相对较慢。 |
| Still they were much faster than impact guns once the nut was turned on the flange face. |
一旦螺母在凸缘面上转动，它们仍然比冲击枪快得多。 |
| [0035] |
[0035] |
| The motor housing in known handheld torque intensifying tools was independent to the gear housing such that the torque could not exceed an operator's arm/hand torque resistance. |
已知的手持式扭矩增强工具中的马达外壳独立于齿轮箱，使得扭矩不能超过操作者的手臂/手的扭矩阻力。 |
| Otherwise the tool's motor housing could not be held and would spin in the operator's hand. |
否则，工具的马达壳体不能被保持，并且将在操作者的手中旋转。 |
| There were many motor driven torque multipliers in the market and some of them had two speed mechanisms, some of them reacted on the bolt tip, which requires special bolts, and others with a reaction arm. |
市场上有许多马达驱动的扭矩倍增器，它们中的一些具有两个速度机构，它们中的一些作用在需要特殊螺栓的螺栓顶端上，而另一些具有作用臂。 |
| No matter what torque or speed was applied, their gear housing turned in the opposite direction as the output shaft. |
无论施加什么扭矩或速度，它们的齿轮箱都沿与输出轴相反的方向转动。 |
| At high speed, turning parts in then existing handheld torque intensifying tools required bearings because the gears and the output shaft turned so fast in the gear housing. |
在高速时，现有手持扭矩增强工具中的转动部件需要轴承，因为齿轮和输出轴在齿轮箱中转动得非常快。 |
| High torque versions of such tools were too large and too heavy. |
这种工具的高扭矩版本太大并且太重。 |
| [0036] |
[0036] |
| The HYTORC® jGUN® product lines includes a tool having a run down or run up speed where the entire gear housing together with the inner gear assembly and the output drive turns at the same high speed in the same direction. |
HYTORC ®JGUN ®生产线包括具有下降或上升速度的工具，其中整个齿轮箱与内齿轮组件和输出驱动器一起在相同的方向上以相同的高速转动。 |
| The operator simply switches the tool from applying a turning force to the gears and the output shaft in one direction and simultaneously an opposite turning force to the gear housing. |
操作者简单地将工具从在一个方向上向齿轮和输出轴施加旋转力，同时向齿轮箱施加相反的旋转力。 |
| Note that HYTORC NUT™ and HYTORC WASHER™ product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith are compatible with the HYTORC® jGUN® Dual Speed. |
注意，HYTORCNUTTM 和HYTORWASHERTM 产品系列以及与其一起使用的驱动器和工具与HYTORC ®jGUN ®双速兼容。 |
| For example, In a higher speed, lower torque embodiment of the HYTORC® jGUN® Dual Speed the drive socket having the nut and the reaction socket having the HYTORC WASHER™ always turned together and at the same higher speed and the same lower torque. |
例如，在HYTORC ®JGUN ®的较高速度，较低扭矩的实施例中，具有螺母的传动套节和具有HYTORCWASHERTM 的作用套节总是在相同的较高速度和相同的较低扭矩下一起转动。 |
| The HYTORC WASHER™ and the nut are integrated as one unit by pins until the nut is seated on the HYTORC WASHER™. |
HYTORCWASHERTM 和螺母通过销集成为一个单元，直到螺母位于HYTORCWASHERTM 上。 |
| The torque increases and the pins are disintegrated by shearing, so that the nut is turned with a higher torque and a lower speed while the HYTORC WASHER™ becomes a stationary object and therefore a reaction point. |
扭矩增加并且销通过剪切而碎裂，使得螺母以较高的扭矩和较低的速度转动，同时HYTORCWASHERTM 成为静止物体并因此成为反应点。 |
| The integration of the HYTORC WASHER™ and a known nut is no longer acceptable because pieces of the broken connection affect the coefficient of friction, can cause thread galling and leave detrimental unwanted deposits at thread interfaces. |
HYTORCWASHERTM 和已知螺母的集成不再是可接受的，因为断裂连接的块影响摩擦系数，可导致螺纹磨损并在螺纹界面处留下有害的不希望的沉积物。 |
| [0037] |
[0037] |
| When not used with the HYTORC WASHER™, the HYTORC® jGUN® required use of reaction fixtures to divert the reaction force generated during turning of the nut, to a stationary object. |
当不与HYTORCWASHERTM 一起使用时，HYTORC ®jGUN ®需要使用反应夹具来将螺母转动过程中产生的作用力转移到静止物体上。 |
| The run down speed had to be limited to avoid the reaction arm from being slammed against the adjacent nut at a high speed, which could cause an accident if the operator's extremities were in the way. |
必须限制下降速度以避免作用臂高速撞击相邻的螺母，如果操作者的四肢在途中，这可能导致事故。 |
| Abutment of a reaction arm is necessary for the low speed, high torque mode of operation to tighten or loosen fasteners. |
作用臂的邻接对于低速，高扭矩的操作模式是必需的，以紧固或松开紧固件。 |
| But the reaction arm is not desirable for the high speed, low torque mode of operation-again to avoid accidents and OSHA recordable situations. |
但是作用臂对于高速，低扭矩的操作模式是不希望的-再次避免事故和OSHA 可记录的情况。 |
| [0038] |
[0038] |
| Applicant applied its thorough understanding and innovation in torque power tools having reaction fixtures and the HYTORC® jGUN® product lines to further advance hand-held pneumatic torque intensifying tools. |
申请人在具有作用固定装置的扭矩动力工具和HYTORC ®JGUN ®生产线中应用了其彻底的理解和创新，以进一步改进手持式气动扭矩增强工具。 |
| Applicant created the HYTORC® FLIP-GUN® product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人创建了HYTORC ®FLIP-GUN ®产品系列以及与其一起使用的驱动器和工具。 |
| The HYTORC® FLIP-GUN® includes a positionable reaction arm. |
HYTORC ®FLIP-GUN ®包括可定位的反应臂。 |
| When placed in a first position, the torque intensifier unit is switched to a high speed, low torque mode and the reaction arm is usable as a handle by the operator while in a perpendicular direction to the tool axis. |
当放置在第一位置时，扭矩增强器单元切换到高速，低扭矩模式，并且操作者在垂直于工具轴线的方向上使用反应臂作为手柄。 |
| When the reaction arm is placed in a second position coaxial to the tool axis the torque intensifier unit is switched to low speed, high torque mode and the reaction arm can abut against a stationary object since the high torque can not be absorbed by the operator. |
当作用臂放置在与工具轴线同轴的第二位置时，扭矩增强器单元切换到低速，高扭矩模式，并且由于操作者不能吸收高扭矩，所以作用臂可以抵靠静止物体。 |
| [0039] |
[0039] |
| Often application characteristics adversely affect bolting jobs and include for example corroded, unclean, kinked, debris-laden, burred, galled, irregular, disoriented, misaligned and/or unevenly lubricated stud and nut threads and surfaces. |
通常应用特性不利地影响螺栓连接作业，并且包括例如腐蚀的，不清洁的，扭结的，充满碎片的，毛刺的，磨损的，不规则的，无定向的，未对准的和/或不均匀润滑的螺栓和螺母螺纹和表面。 |
| Often production loss is exacerbated by such adverse bolting application characteristics. |
由于这种不利的螺栓连接应用特性，生产损失加剧。 |
| Naturally industry seeks to reduce production loss during routine, unforeseen and/or emergency maintenance and/or repair. |
自然地，工业界寻求在日常的，不可预见的和/或紧急的维护和/或修理期间减少生产损失。 |
| [0040] |
[0040] |
| Applicant further innovated its hand-held pneumatic torque intensifying tools, specifically by creating the HYTORC® THRILL® product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith. |
申请人进一步创新了其手持式气动扭矩增强工具，特别是通过创建HYTORC ®THRILL ®生产线和驱动器以及与其一起使用的工具。 |
| The HYTORC® THRILL® is a handheld dual mode power driven torque intensifier tool which operates in reaction-free and reaction-assisted tightening and loosening of industrial fasteners. |
HYTORC ®THRILL ®是手持式双模式动力驱动扭矩增强器工具，其在工业紧固件的无作用和作用辅助的紧固和松开中操作。 |
| It includes: a motor to generate a turning force to turn the fastener; |
其包括：马达，其产生旋转力以旋转紧固件； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism for a lower speed/higher torque mode including a plurality of turning force multiplication transmitters; |
用于低速/高转矩模式的转动力倍增机构，包括多个转动力倍增发送器； |
| a turning force impaction mechanism for a higher speed/lower torque mode including a plurality of turning force impaction transmitters; |
用于高速/低扭矩模式的转动力冲击机构，包括多个转动力冲击传递装置； |
| a housing operatively connected with at least one multiplication transmitter; |
可操作地与至少一个倍增发送器连接的壳体； |
| a reaction arm to transfer a reaction force generated on the housing during the lower speed/higher torque mode to a stationary object; |
作用臂，用于将在低速/高转矩模式期间在壳体上产生的作用力传递到静止物体； |
| wherein during the lower speed/higher torque mode at least two multiplication transmitters rotate relative to the other; |
其中在较低速度/较高转矩模式期间，至少两个倍增发送器相对于另一个倍增发送器旋转； |
| and wherein during the higher speed/lower torque mode at least two multiplication transmitters are unitary to achieve a hammering motion from the impaction mechanism. |
并且其中在较高速度/较低扭矩模式期间，至少两个倍增发送器是一体的以实现来自冲击机构的锤击运动。 |
| Advantageously the HYTORC® THRILL®: |
有利的是HYTORC ®THRILL ®： |
| minimizes operator vibration exposure; |
最小化操作者振动暴露； |
| provides high rotation inertia in the higher speed, lower torque mode due to a high mass from cooperation between the multiplication and impaction mechanisms, which increases the torque output of the impaction mechanism; |
由于倍增机构和冲击机构之间的协作产生的大质量，在较高速度，较低扭矩模式中提供高转动惯量，这增加了冲击机构的扭矩输出； |
| runs down and runs off fasteners at high speed without the use of a reaction fixture even when a torque higher than the one absorbable by an operator is required to overcome substantial adverse bolting application characteristics like thread and facial deformation and/or thread galling; |
即使当需要比操作者可吸收的扭矩更高的扭矩来克服诸如螺纹和面部变形和/或螺纹磨损之类的显著不利的螺栓连接应用特性时，也不使用作用夹具而高速地放下和卸下紧固件； |
| and loosens highly torqued or corroded fasteners that are stuck to their joints and tightens fasteners to a desired higher and more precise torque with use of a reaction fixture in the second mode. |
以及在第二模式中使用作用固定装置将粘在其接合处的高扭矩或腐蚀的紧固件松开并将紧固件紧固到期望的更高和更精确的扭矩。 |
| [0041] |
[0041] |
| The impact mode is not operatable in the THRILL® during lower speed/higher torque (multiplication) mode because: the positionable reaction arm abuts against a stationary object; |
在THRILL ®中，在较低速度/较高扭矩（倍增）模式期间，冲击模式是不可操作的，因为：可定位的作用臂紧靠静止物体； |
| and the impact mechanism is locked out during the torque multiplication mode. |
在扭矩倍增模式下锁定冲击机构。 |
| But note that during higher speed/lower torque mode, the turning force from the motor is transferred via the initial stage of the multiplication mechanism to the output shaft to run down or run up a nut or bolt head which exhibits little to no resistance. |
但是注意，在较高速度/较低扭矩模式期间，来自电动机的转动力经由倍增机构的初始阶段传递到输出轴，以使呈现小阻力或无阻力的螺母或螺栓头向下运行或向上运行。 |
| The impact mechanism activates when the fastener exhibits adverse bolting characteristics thus requiring intermittent force to overcome such deformities. |
当紧固件表现出不利的螺栓连接特性时，冲击机构启动，因此需要间歇的力来克服这种变形。 |
| [0042] |
[0042] |
| Note Applicant's recent advancements with the HYTORC® FLASH® Gun, which is electrically driven and the HYTORC® Lithium Series® Gun, which is also electrically driven but with a battery and therefore portable. |
请注意，申请人最近利用电驱动的HYTORC ®FLASH ®枪和HYTORC ®锂系列®枪进行了改进，HYTORC ®FLASH ®枪也是电驱动的，但是具有电池，因此是便携式的。 |
| [0043] |
[0043] |
| Evolution of the HYTORC® jGUN®, FLIP-Gun®, THRILL®, HYTORC® FLASH® Gun and HYTORC® Lithium Series® Gun product lines and drivers and tools for use therewith is disclosed, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Pat. Nos. and U.S. Application Nos.: |
HYTORC ®JGUN ®，FLIP-Gun ®，THRILL ®，HYTORC ®FLASH ®Gun 和HYTORC ®的演变锂系列®Gun 生产线和与其一起使用的驱动器和工具公开于例如申请人的美国专利号和美国申请号： |
| 6, |
6, |
| 490, |
490, |
| 952; |
952; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 609, |
609, |
| 868; |
868; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 929, |
929, |
| 439; |
439; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 883, |
883, |
| 401; |
401; |
| 6, |
6, |
| 986, |
986, |
| 298; |
298; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 003, |
003, |
| 862; |
862; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 066, |
066, |
| 053; |
053; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 125, |
125, |
| 213; |
213; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 188, |
188, |
| 552; |
552; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 207, |
207, |
| 760; |
760; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 735, |
735, |
| 397; |
397; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 641, |
641, |
| 579; |
579; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 798, |
798, |
| 038; |
038; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 832, |
832, |
| 310; |
310; |
| 7, |
7, |
| 950, |
950, |
| 309; |
309; |
| 8, |
8, |
| 042, |
042, |
| 434; |
434; |
| D608,614; |
D608，614； |
| and Ser. No. 13/577,995, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference. |
和Ser.No.13/577，995，其完整副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| [0044] |
[0044] |
| Despite Applicant's recent innovations with the THRILL®, side load and thread galling remain major issues of industrial bolting applications and have not been addressed at all by intensifier tools in the market. |
尽管申请人最近对THRILL ®进行了革新，但是侧向载荷和螺纹磨损仍然是工业螺栓连接应用的主要问题，并且根本没有被市场上的增强器工具解决。 |
| Galling is material wear caused by a combination of friction and adhesion between metallic surfaces during transverse motion, or sliding, often due to poor lubrication. |
磨损是在横向运动或滑动期间由金属表面之间的摩擦和粘附的组合引起的材料磨损，通常是由于差的润滑。 |
| When a material galls portions are pulled from a contacting surface and stuck to or even friction welded to the adjacent surface, especially if there is a large amount of force compressing the surfaces together. |
当材料磨损部分被从接触表面拉出并且粘到或者甚至摩擦焊接到相邻表面时，特别是如果存在将表面压缩在一起的大量力。 |
| Galling often occurs in high load, low speed applications. |
磨损经常发生在高负载，低速应用中。 |
| It involves the visible transfer of material as it is adhesively pulled from one surface, leaving it stuck to the other in the form of a raised lump. |
它包括当它从一个表面被粘性地拉出时材料的可见转移，使它以凸起块的形式粘到另一个表面上。 |
| Galling is usually not a gradual process, but occurs quickly and spreads rapidly as the raised lumps induce more galling. |
粘扣通常不是逐渐的过程，而是快速发生和快速扩散，因为隆起的团块引起更多的粘扣。 |
| [0045] |
[0045] |
| The corrosion of a long since tightened corroded fastener usually occurs between the engaging threads of the nut and the bolt and the nut and the flange. |
自拧紧以来的长期腐蚀的紧固件的腐蚀通常发生在螺母和螺栓的接合螺纹与螺母和法兰之间。 |
| Corrosion may come from several sources including chemical, heat, humidity and lubrication. |
腐蚀可能来自几个来源，包括化学，热，湿度和润滑。 |
| On high temperature applications, for example, lubrication applied during tightening dries up and binds the threads together over time. |
在高温应用中，例如，在紧固过程中所施加的润滑随着时间的而干燥并将螺纹结合在一起。 |
| Moreover chemical reactions within and without the vessel often cause galvanic corrosion. |
此外，容器内和容器外的化学反应经常引起电腐蚀。 |
| During loosening, the inner thread corrosion pushes the dried out grease along the bolt threads. |
松动时，内螺纹腐蚀将烘干的油脂沿螺栓螺纹推出。 |
| The reaction force applied to the stationary object applies an equal force on the near side of the nut to be turned. |
施加到静止物体上的作用力在待转动螺母的近侧上施加相等的力。 |
| Indeed the side load, or abutment force, for a tool may be 3× to 4× its ft.lbs. |
实际上，工具的侧向载荷或邻接力可以是其ft.lbs 的3倍到4倍。 |
| torque output because the abutment point of the reaction arm is often half if not less than a foot away from the center of the drive. |
扭矩输出，因为作用臂的邻接点通常是距驱动器中心不小于1英尺的一半。 |
| [0046] |
[0046] |
| This side load causes the nut and bolt threads to engage with enormous force on the near side where it is applied such that the dried out grease gets piled up in that location when the nut is turned. |
该侧向载荷使得螺母和螺栓螺纹在其所施加的近侧上以巨大的力接合，使得当螺母转动时，干燥的油脂堆积在该位置。 |
| Irregularities in threads often cannot be overcome. |
通常不能克服螺纹的不规则性。 |
| Merely half of the threads between the bolt and the nut are engaged and the threads start gripping. |
仅仅螺栓和螺母之间的一半螺纹被接合，并且螺纹开始夹紧。 |
| This causes the bolt thread to gall and requires substantially more torque and thus substantially more side load to take the nut off, which can ruin the bolt and the nut threads. |
这导致螺栓螺纹磨损，并需要大得多的扭矩，从而需要大得多的侧向载荷来使螺母脱开，这会损坏螺栓和螺母螺纹。 |
| The fastener often locks up to the point where all of the turning force is used by the thread friction, which can lead to breakage of the fastener or the tool turning it. |
紧固件经常锁定到所有的旋转力被螺纹摩擦使用的点，这可能导致紧固件或旋转它的工具断裂。 |
| The torque power tool originally used to tighten the fastener is often insufficient for loosening the same corroded fastener. |
最初用于拧紧紧固件的扭矩动力工具通常不足以松开相同的腐蚀紧固件。 |
| Such corroded fasteners may require loosening torque values 1× to 3× more ft.lbs. |
这种腐蚀的紧固件可能需要1×至3×更多ft.lbs 的松开扭矩值。 |
| than the tightening torque and an additional more powerful tool may be needed. |
可能需要比紧固转矩更强大的附加工具。 |
| High temperature bolting applications such as, for example, in turbines and casings, are usually critical requiring either stainless or precision manufactured fasteners with extremely high replacement costs. |
高温螺栓连接应用，例如在涡轮机和壳体中，通常是关键的，需要具有极高替换成本的不锈钢或精密制造的紧固件。 |
| In addition the use of fine thread bolts, which is quite popular as of late, multiplies this problem. |
此外，到目前为止非常流行的细螺纹螺栓的使用增加了这个问题。 |
| Even if the tool applies no side load to the fastener, thread galling can still occur as the dried out grease accumulates in the engaging threads during the loosening of the nut. |
即使该工具不对紧固件施加侧向载荷，在螺母松开期间，当干燥的油脂积累在接合螺纹中时仍然会发生螺纹磨损。 |
| Such loosening requires at one point a higher torque than the original tightening torque, which when applied results in thread galling. |
这样的松开需要在某一点具有比原始拧紧扭矩更高的扭矩，当施加该扭矩时导致螺纹磨损。 |
| This occurs even with the HYTORC NUT™ between the inner and outer sleeves. |
即使HYTORCNUTTM 位于内套管和外套管之间也会出现这种情况。 |
| It is habit in the industry for operators to hit corroded fasteners with a sledgehammer to pulverize corrosion before applying loosening torque. |
在工业中，操作者习惯于在施加松开扭矩之前用滑锤击打被腐蚀的紧固件以粉碎腐蚀。 |
| This habit is dangerous, can ruin bolt threads extending over the nut, and is uncivilized. |
这种习惯是危险的，会破坏在螺母上延伸的螺栓螺纹，并且是未文明的。 |
| Adverse galling also occurs between the face of the nut and the face of the flange, since the side load changes a perpendicular orientation of the nut to be turned. |
不利的磨损也发生在螺母的面和凸缘的面之间，因为侧向载荷改变了待转动螺母的垂直方向。 |
| This in turn increases the turning friction of the nut and makes the bolt load generated by the loosening torque unpredictable which causes adverse aesthetics, non-parallel joint closures, system leaks, and tool, fastener and joint failures. |
这又增加了螺母的转动摩擦，并且使得由松动扭矩产生的螺栓载荷不可预测，这导致不利的美观，不平行的接头闭合，系统泄漏以及工具，紧固件和接头失效。 |
| [0047] |
[0047] |
| Known washers may reduce surface galling between the threaded fastener, the nut, and the joint as the washer is made from a harder material. |
已知的垫圈可以减少螺纹紧固件，螺母和接头之间的表面磨损，因为垫圈由较硬的材料制成。 |
| Appendix M of ASME PCC-1-2010 states that: |
ASMEPCC-1-2010附录M ： |
| “it is generally recognized that the use of through-hardened steel washers will improve the translation of torque input into bolt preload by providing a smooth and low friction bearing surface for the nut. |
通常认为，使用淬透钢垫圈将通过为螺母提供光滑且低摩擦的轴承表面来改善扭矩输入到螺栓预载的转换。 |
| Washers protect the contact surfaces of the flange from damage caused by a turning nut. |
垫圈保护凸缘的接触表面免受由旋转螺母引起的损坏。 |
| These are important considerations when torqueing methods (either manual or hydraulic) are used for bolt tightening.” Known washers, however, do not minimize and/or eliminate surface galling and thread galling created by side load. |
当扭矩方法（手动或液压）用于螺栓紧固时，这些是重要的考虑因素。然而，已知的垫圈不能最小化和/或消除由侧向载荷产生的表面磨损和螺纹磨损。 |
| And known washers can move when being tightened so that the washer can rotate with the nut or bolt head rather than remaining fixed. |
并且已知的垫圈在被拧紧时可以移动，使得垫圈可以与螺母或螺栓头一起旋转而不是保持固定。 |
| This can affect the torque tension relationship. |
这会影响扭矩-张力关系。 |
| [0048] |
[0048] |
| Another purpose of installing washers in a typical bolting system is to distribute the loads under bolt heads and nuts by providing a larger area under stress. |
在典型的螺栓连接系统中安装垫圈的另一个目的是通过在应力下提供更大的面积来分配螺栓头和螺母下面的载荷。 |
| Otherwise, the bearing stress of bolts may exceed the bearing strength of the connecting materials and this leads to the loss of preload of bolts and the creeping of materials. |
否则，螺栓的承受应力可能会超过连接材料的承受强度，从而导致螺栓预紧力的损失和材料的蠕变。 |
| [0049] |
[0049] |
| Hardening processes, such as, for example, nitriding have been discovered to prevent galling on the friction surfaces of fasteners. |
已经发现诸如渗氮的硬化工艺防止紧固件的摩擦表面上的磨损。 |
| Nitriding hardens the surface of metals yet makes fractures more likely especially when tensile stresses are present. |
渗氮使金属表面硬化，但特别是当存在拉伸应力时更可能断裂。 |
| While nitriding can be used to prevent galling on compressive elements like washers, other bolting elements like studs are not good candidates for nitriding. |
虽然渗氮可以用于防止在压缩元件如垫圈上的磨损，但是其它螺栓连接元件如螺栓不是渗氮的好选择。 |
| Studs experience pure tensile stresses when loading and therefore would likely suffer from catastrophic fractures if they were nitrided. |
柱在加载时经历纯拉伸应力，因此如果它们被氮化，则可能遭受灾难性断裂。 |
| Nuts are safer but have hoop stresses from the thread loading. |
螺母更安全，但是具有来自螺纹负载的环向应力。 |
| These hoop stresses are tensile in nature. |
这些环向应力本质上是拉伸的。 |
| While nuts have much lower tensile stress than studs, the risk of fractures to hardened surfaces is still possible. |
尽管螺母具有比螺栓低得多的拉伸应力，但硬化表面破裂的风险仍然是可能的。 |
| A fracture that migrates in a stud or nut is likely to lead to catastrophic load loss in the fastener. |
在螺柱或螺母中迁移的断裂可能导致紧固件中的灾难性负载损失。 |
| A fracture that migrates in a washer would not lead to load losses. |
在垫圈中迁移的断裂不会导致负载损失。 |
| [0050] |
[0050] |
| What is needed is: simplification in tool, driver, fastener and washer design and operation; |
需要简化工具，螺丝刀，紧固件和垫圈的设计和操作； |
| elimination of reaction, bending and pulling forces; |
消除作用力，弯曲力和拉力； |
| and increased bolting speed, efficiency, reliability, repeatability and safety, all at lower cost. |
提高了筛分速度，效率，可靠性，可重复性和安全性，且成本较低。 |
| The present inventions have therefore been devised to solve these issues. |
因此，本发明旨在解决这些问题。 |
| SPECIFICATION |
规范 |
| [0051] |
[0051] |
| The inventions of the present application may be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which: |
本申请的发明可以仅通过参考附图的示例来描述，其中： |
| [0052] |
[0052] |
| FIGS. 1A-1C are perspective views of a top and a bottom surface and a side view of a first embodiment of a HYTORC® Z® Washer; |
图1A-1C是HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器的第一实施方案的顶部和底部表面的透视图和侧视图； |
| [0053] |
[0053] |
| FIGS. 2A-2B are upward and downward facing perspective views of a joint to be closed by a threaded fastener including the Z® Washer of FIGS. 1A-1C and a nut, a Z® Fastener; |
图2A-2B是由包括图1A-1C的Z ®Washer 和螺母，Z ®紧固件的螺纹紧固件闭合的接头的向上和向下的透视图； |
| [0054] |
[0054] |
| FIG. 3A-3C are side and perspective views of a reaction arm-free power tool, a HYTORC® Z® Gun, for gall-minimized tightening and/or loosening of the Z® Fastener; |
图3A-3C是无反应臂动力工具，HYTORC ®Z ®枪的侧视图和透视图，用于Z ®紧固件的磨损最小化紧固和/或松开； |
| [0055] |
[0055] |
| FIGS. 4A-4B are perspective and side views of the tightened joint and the tightened Z® Fastener; |
图4A-4B是紧固的接头和紧固的Z ®紧固件的透视图和侧视图； |
| [0056] |
[0056] |
| FIGS. 5A-5D are perspective, perspective cross-sectional and side cross-sectional views of a dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly, a HYTORC® Z® Socket; |
图5A-5D是双驱动同轴作用和反应组件，HYTORC ®Z ®插座的透视图，透视截面图和侧截面图； |
| [0057] |
[0057] |
| FIGS. 6A-6E are top-down, bottom-up and side views of Z® Washer Friction Coefficient Increasing Treatment Means and related forces acting on the Z® Fastener; |
图6A-6E是Z ®垫圈摩擦系数增加处理装置和作用在Z ®紧固件上的相关力的俯视图，仰视图和侧视图； |
| [0058] |
[0058] |
| FIGS. 7A-7C are multiple views of various embodiments of Z® Washers with varied dimensions and widths of Z® Washer Friction Coefficient Increasing Treatment Means such as knurl bands; |
图7A-7C是具有各种尺寸和宽度的Z ®洗涤器摩擦系数增加处理装置（例如滚花带）的Z ®洗涤器的各种实施方案的多个视图； |
| [0059] |
[0059] |
| FIGS. 8A-8L are top-down views of various embodiments of Z® Washers with varied shapes; |
图8A-8L是具有各种形状的Z ®洗涤器的各种实施例的俯视图； |
| [0060] |
[0060] |
| FIGS. 8D1-8D3 are perspective views of a top and a bottom surface and a side view of a another embodiment of a Z® Washer; |
图8D1-8D3是Z ®洗涤器的另一个实施方案的顶表面和底表面的透视图和侧视图； |
| [0061] |
[0061] |
| FIGS. 8D4-8D10 are cross-sectional side views of various types, sizes and locations of Z® Washer Friction Coefficient Increasing Treatment Means; |
图8D4-8D10是各种类型，尺寸和位置的Z ®洗涤器摩擦系数增加处理装置的截面侧视图； |
| [0062] |
[0062] |
| FIGS. 9A-9B are cross-sectional side views of alternative Z® Fastener and Z® Socket types for use with Z® Washers; |
图9A-9B是与Z ®洗涤器一起使用的可选Z ®紧固件和Z ®座类型的横截面侧视图； |
| [0063] |
[0063] |
| FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative Z® Washer and Z® Socket such that the diameter of the washer is less than that of the nut; |
图10是可选Z ®器和Z ®插座的横截面侧视图，其中垫圈的直径小于螺母的直径； |
| [0064] |
[0064] |
| FIGS. 11A-11C are multiple views of various embodiments of Z® Sockets with varied dimensions and widths; |
图11A-11C是具有各种尺寸和宽度的Z ®贮器的各种实施例的多个视图； |
| [0065] |
[0065] |
| FIGS. 12A-14B are perspective views of the Z® System's application to HYTORC® Torque Tools including spline adapters, reaction plates and offset links; |
图12A-14B是Z ®系统应用于HYTORC ®扭矩工具的透视图，该工具包括花键适配器，作用板和偏置连杆； |
| [0066] |
[0066] |
| FIGS. 15A-15G are perspective and side views of the application of a HYTORC® Dual Faced Friction Washer to the Z® System; |
图15A-15G是将HYTORC ®双面摩擦垫圈应用于Z ®系统的透视图和侧视图； |
| [0067] |
[0067] |
| FIGS. 15H-15K are perspective and side views of the application of a HYTORC® Z® Nut/Bolt to the Z® System; |
图15H-15K是将HYTORC ®Z ®螺母/螺栓应用于Z ®系统的透视图和侧视图； |
| [0068] |
[0068] |
| FIG. 16A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of tool 10A in a lower speed, higher torque (“LSHT”) mode; |
图16A是本发明的一个实施例的透视图，其中工具10A处于低速，高扭矩（“LSHT ”）模式； |
| [0069] |
[0069] |
| FIG. 16B is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of tool 10B in a higher speed, lower torque (“HSLT”) mode; |
图16B是工具10B形式的本发明实施例在高速低扭矩（“HSLT ”）模式下的透视图； |
| [0070] |
[0070] |
| FIG. 17A is a side, cross-sectional view of tool 10A in LSHT mode; |
图17A是工具10A在LSHT 模式下的侧剖视图； |
| [0071] |
[0071] |
| FIG. 17B is a side, cross-sectional view of tool 10B in HSLT mode; |
图17B是HSLT 模式下工具10B的侧剖视图； |
| [0072] |
[0072] |
| FIG. 18 is a side, cross-sectional view of a turning force multiplication assembly 200 and a vibration force assembly 300 of tool 10A in LSHT mode; |
图18是工具10A在LSHT 模式下的转动力倍增组件200和振动力组件300的侧剖视图； |
| [0073] |
[0073] |
| FIG. 19 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of a drive tool housing assembly 101, a drive tool handle assembly 103 and related internal components of tool 10A and tool 10B; |
图19是驱动工具外壳组件101，驱动工具手柄组件103以及工具10A和工具10B的相关内部部件的透视截面图； |
| [0074] |
[0074] |
| FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a mode shifting assembly 400 of tool 10A and tool 10B; |
图20是工具10A和工具10B的模式转换组件400的透视图； |
| [0075] |
[0075] |
| FIG. 21A is a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a tool 10F; |
图21A是工具10F形式的本发明实施例的侧剖视图； |
| [0076] |
[0076] |
| FIG. 21B is a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a tool 10G; |
图21B是工具10G形式的本发明实施例的侧剖视图； |
| [0077] |
[0077] |
| FIG. 22A is a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a tool 10H; |
图22A是工具10H形式的本发明实施例的侧剖视图； |
| [0078] |
[0078] |
| FIG. 22B is a side, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a tool 10I; |
图22B是工具10I形式的本发明实施例的侧剖视图； |
| [0079] |
[0079] |
| FIG. 23A is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 for direct tension indication; |
图23A是用于直接张力指示的Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301形式的本发明实施方案的顶视图； |
| [0080] |
[0080] |
| FIG. 23B is a bottom view of washer 2301; |
图23B是垫圈2301的底视图； |
| [0081] |
[0081] |
| FIG. 23C is a cross-sectional view of washer 2301 taken along line 2314 of FIG. 23A; |
图23C是垫圈2301沿图23A的线2314的剖视图； |
| [0082] |
[0082] |
| FIG. 23D is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 23C; |
图23D是图23C的一部分的放大图； |
| [0083] |
[0083] |
| FIGS. 24A-24F illustrate the state of washer 2301 during the installation process; |
图24A-24F示出垫圈2301在安装过程中的状态； |
| [0084] |
[0084] |
| FIGS. 25A-25E are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of HYTORC® Z® Washer and nut assembly 2502; |
图25A-25E是HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和螺母组件2502形式的本发明实施方案的多个视图； |
| [0085] |
[0085] |
| FIGS. 26A-26D are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of HYTORC® Z® Washer and nut assembly 2602; |
图26A-26D是HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和螺母组件2602形式的本发明实施方案的多个视图； |
| [0086] |
[0086] |
| FIGS. 27A-27D are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of HYTORC® Z® Washer and nut assembly 2702; |
图27A-27D是HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和螺母组件2702形式的本发明实施方案的多个视图； |
| [0087] |
[0087] |
| FIG. 28A is a perspective view of a threaded fastener with an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a two-part conical nut assembly 2801; |
图28A是本发明的一个实施例的螺纹紧固件的透视图，其形式为两件式锥形螺母组件2801； |
| [0088] |
[0088] |
| FIGS. 28B-28C are side and/or cross-sectional views of an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve of and a threaded fastener for use with two-part conical nut assembly 2801; |
图28B-28C是用于两件式锥形螺母组件2801的螺纹紧固件的内套筒和外套筒的侧视图和/或剖视图； |
| [0089] |
[0089] |
| FIGS. 29A-29F are side, cross-sectional views of various embodiments of two-part conical nut assemblies of the present invention with varied step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals; |
图29A-29F是本发明的两件式锥形螺母组件的各种实施例的侧剖视图，其具有变化的台阶数量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔； |
| [0090] |
[0090] |
| FIGS. 30A-30D are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of apparatus 3001 for torsionally coupling a threaded fastener 3010 and a torque input device 3002; |
图30A-30D是装置3001形式的本发明实施例的多个视图，该装置用于扭转地连接螺纹紧固件3010和扭矩输入装置3002； |
| [0091] |
[0091] |
| FIGS. 31A-31C are perspective views of various embodiments of apparatus for torsionally coupling a threaded fastener and a torque input device of the present invention with varied step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals; |
图31A-31C是本发明的用于扭转地连接螺纹紧固件和扭矩输入装置的设备的各种实施例的透视图，其具有变化的台阶量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔； |
| [0092] |
[0092] |
| FIGS. 32A-32D are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a two-part tapered nut assembly 3202; |
图32A-32D是两件式锥形螺母组件3202形式的本发明实施例的多个视图； |
| [0093] |
[0093] |
| FIGS. 33A-33C are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of HYTORC® Z® Washer and two-part tapered nut assembly 3202B; |
图33A-33C是HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和两件式锥形螺母组件3202B形式的本发明实施方案的多个视图； |
| [0094] |
[0094] |
| FIGS. 34A-34C are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a two-part tapered threaded nut assembly 3402; |
图34A-34C是两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件3402形式的本发明实施例的多个视图； |
| and |
和 |
| [0095] |
[0095] |
| FIGS. 35A-35C are multiple views of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of HYTORC® Z® Washer and two-part tapered nut assembly 3402B. |
图35A-35C是HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和两件式锥形螺母组件3402B形式的本发明实施方案的多个视图。 |
| [0096] |
[0096] |
| The HYTORC® Z® System. |
HYTORC ®Z ®系统。 |
| This Application seeks to protect Applicant's HYTORC® Z® System which involves: tools having multi-speed / multi-torque modes with torque multiplication and vibration mechanisms without use of external reaction abutments; |
本申请寻求保护申请人的HYTORC ®Z ®系统，其包括：具有扭矩倍增的多速度/多扭矩模式的工具和不使用外部作用支座的振动机构； |
| a force transfer means to yield in-line co-axial action and reaction for use with such tools; |
力传递装置，产生与这种工具一起使用的同轴作用和作用力； |
| driving means and shifting means capable of attaching to washers under the nut for use with such tools and force transfer means; |
能够连接到螺母下方的垫圈上的驱动装置和移位装置，用于与这种工具和力传递装置一起使用； |
| associated washers and fasteners for use with such tools, force transfer means and driving means; |
与这种工具一起使用的相关垫圈和紧固件，力传递装置和驱动装置； |
| and related accessories for use with such tools, force transfer means, driving means, washers and fasteners. |
以及与这种工具，力传递装置，驱动装置，垫圈和紧固件一起使用的相关附件。 |
| [0097] |
[0097] |
| The HYTORC® Z® System includes the following: Z® Washers located under nuts or bolt heads of various types having engageable perimeters of multiple shapes, sizes, geometries and serrations, such as washer/fastener radius engagement differentials, and frictionally biased faces with relatively higher friction against the flange surface and relatively lower friction against the nut, such as friction coefficient increasing treatment means of various types, sizes and locations; |
HYTORC ®Z ®系统包括以下：Z ®洗涤器，其位于各种类型的螺母或螺栓头下方，所述螺母或螺栓头具有多种形状，尺寸，几何形状和锯齿的可接合周边，例如垫圈/紧固件半径接合差，以及摩擦偏置面，所述摩擦偏置面相对于凸缘表面具有相对较高的摩擦并且相对于螺母具有相对较低的摩擦，例如各种类型，尺寸和位置的摩擦系数增加处理装置； |
| HYTORC Z® Guns incorporating a powerful impact mechanism and a precise torque multiplier in the same tool combining rapid run-down with calibrated torque; |
HYTORCZ ®枪，其在同一工具中结合了强有力的冲击机构和精确的扭矩倍增器，将快速减速与校准的扭矩结合； |
| HYTORC® Z® Sockets with dual drive coaxial action and reaction having outer sleeves to react on Z® Washers and an inner sleeves to turn nuts or bolt heads; |
HYTORC ®Z ®具有双驱同轴作用和反应的外套管作用于Z ®上，内套转动螺母或螺栓头； |
| HYTORC® Z® Spline Adapters and Reaction Plates for backwards compatibility with HYTORC®'s torque/tension systems including the AVANTI® and ICE® square drive systems, the STEALTH® limited clearance system, the pneumatic jGUN® series, the FLASH® Gun and LITHIUM Series electric multipliers and more; |
用于与HYTORC ®的扭矩/张力系统向后兼容的HYTORC ®Z ®花键适配器和反应板，所述HYTORC ®的扭矩/张力系统包括AVANTI ®和ICE ®方形驱动系统，STEALTH ®有限间隙系统，气动jGUN ®系列，FLASH ®Gun 和LITHIUM 系列电倍增器等； |
| the combination of HYTORC® Z® Washer and the HYTORC® Z® Dual Friction Washer™ including a dual friction-enhanced face washer and/or the HYTORC® Z® Nut/Bolt for counter-torque under a nut or bolt head on the other side of the joint; |
HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和HYTORC ®Z ®双摩擦垫圈TM （包括双摩擦增强面部垫圈）和/或HYTORC ®Z ®螺母/螺栓（用于在接头另一侧的螺母或螺栓头下抵抗扭矩）的组合； |
| HYTORC® Z® Dual Drive Offset Links for tight clearances while using HYTORC®'s torque/tension systems; |
HYTORC ®Z ®双驱动偏置连杆，用于紧间隙，同时使用HYTORC ®的扭矩/张力系统； |
| HYTORC® Z> Vibration Mechanisms applied thereof; |
其应用的HYTORC ®Z>振动机制； |
| Z®-Squirter® Washers; |
Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器； |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assemblies; |
HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 和Nut 组件； |
| and any combinations thereof. |
及其任何组合。 |
| Further disclosures include: Tapered Fastener Assemblies; |
进一步的公开包括：锥形紧固件组件； |
| Tapered Torsional Couplings; |
锥形扭转联轴器； |
| Two-Part Tapered Nut Assemblies; |
两件式锥形螺母组件； |
| and Two-Part Tapered Thread Nut Assemblies. |
和两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件。 |
| [0098] |
[0098] |
| The HYTORC® Z® Washer. |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器。 |
| International bolting standards call for hardened washers to be placed under industrial threaded fasteners. |
国际螺栓连接标准要求将硬化垫圈放置在工业螺纹紧固件下。 |
| HYTORC® Z® Washers are hardened washers, proprietary to the Applicant, that become the reaction point directly under the nut or bolt head of the fastener during tightening and/or loosening. |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器是本申请人所有的硬化垫圈，其在拧紧和/或松开期间成为直接在紧固件的螺母或螺栓头下的反应点。 |
| HYTORC® Z® Washers are used with industrial threaded fasteners of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, a stud and either a nut threadedly engageable with the stud or a stud-head connected to the stud. |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器与这种类型的工业螺纹紧固件一起使用，所述工业螺纹紧固件具有同轴反应表面，螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母或与螺柱连接的螺柱头。 |
| They eliminate any possible pinch points for operators' appendages. |
它们消除了操作者的附件的任何可能的夹点。 |
| Operators need not search for satisfactory stationary objects in which to react. |
操作者不需要搜索要反应的令人满意的静止对象。 |
| Straight, co-axial tensioning all but eliminates bending and/or side loading of the stud. |
直的，同轴的张紧几乎消除了支柱的弯曲和/或侧向载荷。 |
| They provide a smooth, consistent, low-friction top surface on which turns the nut or bolt head; |
它们提供光滑，一致，低摩擦的上表面，在该上表面上转动螺母或螺栓头； |
| the top has a polished surface against which the nut or bolt head will turn. |
顶部具有抛光表面，螺母或螺栓头将抵靠该抛光表面转动。 |
| They provide a friction enhanced bottom surface against which the tool will react. |
它们提供摩擦增强的底面，工具将对该底面起作用。 |
| [0099] |
[0099] |
| Z® Washers protect flange surfaces from damage or embedment and evenly distribute bolt load around the joint due to larger surface area. |
Z ®瓦斯夫保护法兰表面不受损坏或嵌入，并且由于较大的表面积而在接头周围均匀分布螺栓载荷。 |
| They can be made in a full range of inch and metric sizes from a full range of materials options for every application. |
它们每个应用都可以由全范围的材料选择制成全范围的英寸和公制尺寸。 |
| They comply with all ASME, ASTM and API requirements for dimensions, hardness, and thickness. |
它们符合所有ASME ，ASTM 和API 对尺寸，硬度和厚度的要求。 |
| They work with pneumatic, hydraulic, electric and manual torque tools. |
它们与气动，液压，电动和手动扭矩工具一起工作。 |
| And with the addition of a companion friction washer, it eliminates the need for a backup wrench to prevent the opposite nut from turning along with the bolt. |
由于增加了配套的摩擦垫圈，因此不需要辅助扳手来防止相对的螺母随螺栓一起转动。 |
| [0100] |
[0100] |
| Applicant's recent Z® Washer-related research and development includes prototyping and experimentally evaluating different: thicknesses; |
申请人最近的Z ®洗涤器相关的研究和开发包括原型设计和实验评估不同的：厚度； |
| outer engagement sizes; |
外部接合尺寸； |
| outer engagement geometries and serrations; |
外部接合几何形状和锯齿； |
| low friction coatings and treatments on fastener engaging (top) sides; |
紧固件接合（顶部）侧的低摩擦涂层和处理； |
| sizes, shapes and locations of friction enhancements, like knurl patterns, on flange engaging (bottom) sides; |
凸缘接合（底部）侧上的摩擦增强的尺寸，形状和位置，如滚花图案； |
| chamfers sizes and shapes on bottom, top, inside and outside faces; |
底面，顶面，内侧面和外侧面的倒角尺寸和形状； |
| material specifications; |
材料规格； |
| and heat-treatment specifications. |
热处理规范。 |
| [0101] |
[0101] |
| FIG. 1A shows a first embodiment of a HYTORC® Z® Washer 1 for use with HYTORC®'s torque/tension systems. |
图1A显示了与HYTORC ®的扭矩/张力系统一起使用的HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器1的第一实施方案。 |
| It is a perspective view of a top side, or top bearing face, 2 of washer 1. |
它是垫圈1的顶侧或顶部支承面2的透视图。 |
| FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of a bottom side, or a bottom bearing face, 3 of washer 1. |
图1B示出了垫圈1的底侧或底部支承面3的透视图。 |
| And FIG. 1C shows a side view of an edge side, or side bearing face, 4 of washer 1. |
图1C示出垫圈1的边缘侧或侧支承面4的侧视图。 |
| [0102] |
[0102] |
| Generally washer 1 is an annular shape having an internal void 5. |
通常垫圈1为具有内部空隙5的环形。 |
| As shown in FIGS. 1, washer 1's annular shape includes radially extending lobes 6 which forms a flower-like shape. |
如图1所示，垫圈1的环形包括形成花状的径向延伸的凸起6。 |
| Generally a top bearing face 2 is smooth with relatively lower surface friction against the nut or bolt head. |
通常，顶部支承面2是光滑的，相对于螺母或螺栓头具有相对较低的表面摩擦。 |
| Note that lubricants may be used on top bearing face 2 to lower surface friction between it and the nut, bolt head or any other such threaded fastener. |
注意，润滑剂可以用在顶部支承面2上以降低它与螺母，螺栓头或任何其它这种螺纹紧固件之间的表面摩擦。 |
| A bottom bearing face 3 is textured with relatively higher surface friction against the flange surface. |
底部支承面3具有与凸缘表面相对较高的表面摩擦。 |
| Bottom bearing face 3 is shown having a smooth inner surface 3A and rough frictional enhancements, such as knurls, 7 with higher surface friction. |
所示的底部支承面3具有光滑的内表面3A和具有较高表面摩擦的粗糙的摩擦增强部分，例如滚花7。 |
| Radial raised knurl pattern 7 increases the surface friction of bottom bearing face 3. |
径向凸起滚花图案7增加了底部支承面3的表面摩擦。 |
| In the illustrated embodiment, knurled surface 7 takes the form of a ring or annulus located beyond smooth surface 3A. |
在所示实施例中，滚花表面7采取位于光滑表面3A之外的环或环面的形式。 |
| Outer lobes 6 include angled bevel faces 8 formed between bottom bearing face 3 and side bearing face 4. |
外叶片6包括形成在底部支承面3和侧部支承面4之间的倾斜斜面8。 |
| [0103] |
[0103] |
| Washer 1 has, inter alia, annular radius R1A, a lobe radius R1L, a knurl radius R1K and a void radius R1V. |
垫圈1尤其具有环形半径R1A，凸角半径R1L，滚花半径R1K和空隙半径R1V。 |
| Washer 1 has a height H1, a first bevel height H1Bi, a second bevel height H1Bii, a knurl height H1K and a bevel angle °1. |
垫圈1具有高度H1，第一斜面高度H1Bi，第二斜面高度H1Bi1，滚花高度H1K和斜角θ1。 |
| [0104] |
[0104] |
| FIG. 2A shows an upward facing perspective view and FIG. 2B shows a downward facing perspective view of a joint 30 to be closed. |
图2A和图2B分别示出了待闭合的接头30的向上透视图和向下透视图。 |
| Joint 30 includes a first member 31 and a second member 32 which are fastened in face-to-face relation by a fastener 20, commonly known in the art as a bolt. |
接头30包括第一构件31和第二构件32，第一构件31和第二构件32通过紧固件20以面对面的关系紧固，紧固件20在本领域中通常称为螺栓。 |
| Fastener 20 has a first end 21 having a bolt head 22 and a second end 23 having a thread engagement 24. |
紧固件20具有带有螺栓头22的第一端21和带有螺纹接合24的第二端23。 |
| Second end 23 of fastener 20 is inserted through an opening 33 in first and second members 31 and 32 that extends from a bearing face 34 of second member 32 to a bearing face 35 of first member 32. |
紧固件20的第二端23插入穿过第一和第二构件31和32中的开口33，该开口33从第二构件32的支承面34延伸到第一构件32的支承面35。 |
| In preparation of a tightening process, washer 1 is placed over second end 23 with bottom bearing face 3 toward bearing face 35. |
在紧固过程的准备中，垫圈1放置在第二端23上，使底部支承面3朝向支承面35。 |
| Threaded nut 36 is placed over second end 23. |
螺母36置于第二端23上。 |
| [0105] |
[0105] |
| The Z® Washer is used on only one side of the joint and no other washer should be used under it. |
Z ®洗涤器仅在接头的一侧使用，在其下方不应使用其它垫圈。 |
| Normal bolt and nut lubrication practices should be followed. |
应该遵循正常的螺栓和螺母润滑实践。 |
| Lubricant is only necessary on the bolt threads and between the nut or bolt head and the top of the Z® Washer, and should not be used between the washer and the flange. |
润滑剂仅在螺栓螺纹上和螺母或螺栓头与Z ®垫圈的顶部之间是必需的，而不应在垫圈与凸缘之间使用。 |
| Note that the correct torque value for any given bolt is heavily dependent upon the lubricant used. |
注意，任何给定螺栓的正确扭矩值很大程度上取决于所使用的润滑剂。 |
| Normally no lubricant is necessary on the back-side nut or bolt head. |
通常在后侧螺母或螺栓头上不需要润滑剂。 |
| [0106] |
[0106] |
| Typical industrial bolting practice is to adjust the stud so that when it is tightened the top end will protrude 2-3 threads above the nut. |
典型的工业螺栓连接实践是调节螺栓，使得当其被拧紧时，顶端将在螺母上方突出2-3个螺纹。 |
| This is for inspection purposes to ensure that the nut and stud are fully engaged. |
这是为了检查的目的，以确保螺母和螺柱完全接合。 |
| There is usually no reason for the stud to extend more than this, and any excess length should be adjusted to the other side of the flange so that the socket can engage the entire nut without obstruction. |
通常没有理由使柱头螺栓延伸超过这个长度，并且任何多余的长度应该被调整到凸缘的另一侧，以便插座可以无阻碍地接合整个螺母。 |
| It is permissible in areas of high corrosion for the stud to be flush with the nut after tightening to lessen the risk of thread damage and so that the nut can be more easily removed. |
在高腐蚀区域中允许螺柱在拧紧之后与螺母齐平，以减小螺纹损坏的风险，并且使得螺母可以更容易地移除。 |
| Advantageously washer 1 thickness is ideal. |
有利地，垫圈1的厚度是理想的。 |
| If the washer was excessively thick, the fastener system would have insufficient male threads available. |
如果垫圈过厚，紧固件系统将没有足够的阳螺纹。 |
| Conversely, if the washer was insufficiently thick, it could fail under high compressive loads. |
相反，如果垫圈不够厚，它可能在高压缩载荷下失效。 |
| [0107] |
[0107] |
| The HYTORC® Z® Gun (In General). |
HYTORC ®Z ®Gun （一般）。 |
| A reaction arm-free power tool for gall-minimized tightening and/or loosening of an industrial threaded fastener of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, a stud and either a nut threadedly engageable with the stud or a stud-head connected to the stud includes: a motor to generate a turning force; |
一种无作用臂的动力工具，用于最小化磨损地拧紧和/或松开具有同轴作用表面，螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母或连接到螺柱的螺柱头的类型的工业螺纹紧固件，该动力工具包括：马达，用于产生旋转力； |
| a drive to transfer the turning force; |
传递转向力的驱动器； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism in a housing including a turning force multiplication transmitter for all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance; |
壳体中的转动力倍增机构，包括用于从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式的转动力倍增发送器； |
| and at least one vibration force mechanism including a vibration transmitter for an intermittent force mode operatable during all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance. |
以及至少一个振动力机构，其包括用于在从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式期间可操作的间歇力模式的振动发送器。 |
| [0108] |
[0108] |
| Standard air impact wrenches hammer the bolt with uncontrolled force with high noise and excessive vibration. |
标准空气冲击扳手用高噪音和过度振动的不受控制的力来锤击螺栓。 |
| The HYTORC Z® Gun is a precision torque multiplier which produces consistent and measured power on bolt after bolt without the uncontrolled force, high noise and/or excessive vibration of standard air impact wrenches. |
HYTORCZ ®枪是一种精密扭矩倍增器，其在没有标准空气冲击扳手的不受控制的力，高噪声和/或过度振动的情况下，在一个接一个的螺栓上产生一致的和测量的功率。 |
| The Z® Gun is the first torque-accurate reaction arm-free pneumatic bolting tool in the world. |
Z ®枪是世界上第一个扭矩精确的无作用臂气动锚杆工具。 |
| It ensures even and accurate bolt load. |
它确保均匀和精确的螺栓载荷。 |
| The Z® Gun incorporates a powerful impact mechanism and a precise torque multiplier in the same tool combining rapid run-down with calibrated torque. |
Z ®枪在同一工具中结合了强大的冲击机构和精确的扭矩倍增器，该工具将快速减速与校准扭矩相结合。 |
| It is operated by a pistol grip trigger and features a directional control switch for tightening or loosening, a speed selection handle for high and low speeds, and a self-reacting socket drive which engages the Z® Washer under the nut. |
它由手枪式把手触发器操作，并且具有用于拧紧或松开的方向控制开关，用于高速和低速的速度选择手柄，以及在螺母下与Z ®器接合的自反应套筒驱动器。 |
| The impact mechanism zips nuts on or off regardless of corrosion or thread flaws. |
不管腐蚀或螺纹缺陷如何，冲击机构都将螺母拉上或拉下。 |
| The torque multiplier mechanism breaks out fasteners or tightens them down. |
扭矩倍增机构使紧固件断裂或将它们拧紧。 |
| It works with the Z® Washer so no external reaction arms, no pinch points and no inaccurate side loads. |
它与Z ®洗涤器一起工作，因此没有外部反应臂，没有夹点和没有不准确的侧向载荷。 |
| It does any bolting job faster, safer and better than ever before, all with one tool. |
它比以前更快，更安全和更好地进行任何螺栓连接作业，所有这些都使用一个工具。 |
| [0109] |
[0109] |
| The Z® Gun has built in dual-speed capability that is controlled by simply and quickly shifting from high speed rundown mode to low-speed torqueing power and back again. |
Z ®枪具有内置的双速能力，该双速能力通过简单且快速地从高速减速模式转换到低速转矩动力并再次返回来控制。 |
| In the high speed mode the dual socket rotates at several hundred revolutions per minute but torque is limited so that the tool cannot spin or kick back in the operator's hands. |
在高速模式下，双套筒以每分钟几百转的速度旋转，但是扭矩受到限制，使得工具不能在操作者的手中旋转或反冲。 |
| Shifting the selector upwards locks the tool in to the power/torque mode and the nut or bolt is tightened to the desired torque automatically, based on calibrated pneumatic fluid pressures. |
向上移动选择器将工具锁定在动力/扭矩模式，并且基于校准的气动流体压力将螺母或螺栓自动拧紧到期望的扭矩。 |
| [0110] |
[0110] |
| Advantageously, the Z® Gun addresses industrial concerns and issues with hydraulic, pneumatic or electric torque intensifying tools. |
有利地，Z ®枪解决了与液压，气动或电动扭矩增强工具有关的工业问题。 |
| It: maximizes the benefits of and eliminates the detriments of torque and tension; |
最大限度地利用和消除扭矩和张力的损害； |
| maximizes the benefits of and eliminates the detriments of HYTORC NUT™, HYTORC WASHER™, HYTORC® AVANTI®, HYTORC® XXI®, HYTORC® jGUN®, HYTORC® FLIP-Gun® and HYTORC® THRILL®-which can gall thread engagements due to side load and accumulation of dried up corrosion; |
使HYTORCNUTTM ，HYTORWASHERTM ，HYTOR ®AVANTI ®，HYTOR ®XXI ®，HYTOR ®jGUN ®，HYTOR ®FLIP-Gun ®和HYTORC ®THRILL ®的益处最大化并消除其危害，所述HYTORCNUTTM ，HYTORC ®FLIP-Gun ®和HYTORC ®THRILL
|
| minimizes operator vibration exposure; |
最小化操作者振动暴露； |
| provides higher inertia in the intermittent force mode due to a higher mass from cooperation between the multiplication and impaction mechanisms, which increases the torque output of the impaction mechanism; |
由于倍增机构和冲击机构之间的协作产生了更大的质量，在间歇力模式中提供了更大的惯性，这增加了冲击机构的扭矩输出； |
| runs down and runs off fasteners at higher speed without the use of a reaction arm even when a torque higher than the one absorbable by an operator is required to overcome adverse bolting application characteristics; |
即使当需要比操作者可吸收的扭矩更高的扭矩来克服不利的螺栓连接应用特性时，也可以在不使用作用臂的情况下以更高的速度放下和放下紧固件； |
| loosens highly torqued and/or corroded fasteners stuck to their joints and tightens fasteners to a desired higher and more precise torque with use of a coaxial reaction surface in the higher resistance torque mode. |
在较高阻力矩模式下，使用同轴反应表面，松开粘在其接合处的高力矩和/或腐蚀的紧固件，并将紧固件拧紧到所需的更高和更精确的力矩。 |
| The vibration force mechanism can be activated while the nut is tight to pulverize dried corrosion before applying full torque to the nut for loosening. |
振动力机构可以在螺母被拧紧的同时被激活，以在向螺母施加用于松开的全部扭矩之前粉碎干燥的腐蚀。 |
| This results in less torque necessary to loosen the industrial threaded fastener, and the pulverized dried grease does not pile up or concentrate on portions of threads. |
这导致松开工业螺纹紧固件所需的扭矩较小，并且粉碎的干燥油脂不会堆积或集中在螺纹部分上。 |
| In addition during tightening and loosening the nut stays parallel to the joint face and threads are not subjected to the enormous and irregular side load making the facial and thread friction more consistent. |
此外，在拧紧和松开过程中，螺母保持平行于接合面，并且螺纹不会受到巨大且不规则的侧向载荷，使得面摩擦和螺纹摩擦更加一致。 |
| This assures a more even torque load and thus, even joint compression to avoid leaks and gasket failure in tightening. |
这确保了更均匀的扭矩载荷，从而确保了更均匀的接头压缩，以避免在紧固时泄漏和垫圈失效。 |
| Furthermore tool use is simplified, risk of operator error reduced and operator safety increased. |
此外，简化了工具的使用，降低了操作者失误的风险并且增加了操作者的安全性。 |
| [0111] |
[0111] |
| Industrial threaded fastener 20 is typically tightened using a torque, tension and/or torque and tension tool hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically driven. |
工业螺纹紧固件20通常使用液压，气动或电驱动的扭矩，张力和/或扭矩和张力工具拧紧。 |
| FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show a reaction arm-free power tool 10, the HYTORC® Z® Gun, for gall-minimized tightening and/or loosening of fastener 20. |
图3A，3B和3C示出了无作用臂的动力工具10，HYTORC ®Z ®枪，用于紧固件20的磨损最小化的紧固和/或松开。 |
| Tool 10 includes a motor to generate a turning force; |
工具10包括产生车削力的马达； |
| a drive to transfer the turning force; |
传递转向力的驱动器； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism in a housing including a turning force multiplication transmitter for all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance; |
壳体中的转动力倍增机构，包括用于从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式的转动力倍增发送器； |
| and at least one vibration force mechanism including a vibration transmitter for an intermittent force mode operatable during all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance. |
以及至少一个振动力机构，其包括用于在从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式期间可操作的间歇力模式的振动发送器。 |
| Note that tool 10 operates in a higher speed, lower torque (“HSLT”) mode, as shown as tool 10A of FIGS. 3A and 3B, and a lower speed, higher torque (“LSHT”) mode, as shown as tool 10B of FIG. 3C. |
注意，如图3A和3B的工具10A所示，工具10工作在较高速度，较低扭矩（“HSLT ”）模式，如图3C的工具10B所示，工具10工作在较低速度，较高扭矩（“LSHT ”）模式。 |
| [0112] |
[0112] |
| Tool 10A of FIGS. 3A and 3B and tool 10B of FIG. 3C includes: a drive input and output assembly 100; |
图3A和3B的工具10A和图3C的工具10B包括：驱动输入和输出组件100； |
| a turning force multiplication assembly 200; |
转动力倍增组件200； |
| a vibration force assembly 300; |
振动力组件300； |
| a mode shifting assembly 400; |
模式转换组件400； |
| and a dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15, such as the HYTORC® Z® Socket. |
以及双驱动输出和反应插座组件15，例如HYTORC ®Z ®插座。 |
| [0113] |
[0113] |
| In HSLT mode tool 10A either: compresses washer 1 between seated nut 36 on pre-loaded fastener 20 on pre-tightened joint 30 to a pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
在HSLT 模式工具10A中：将垫圈1压缩在预紧接头30上的预紧紧固件20上的坐落螺母36之间，达到预定的预紧扭矩； |
| decompresses washer 1 between nut 36 on unloaded fastener 20 on loosened joint 30 from the pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
将松开接头30上的未加载紧固件20上的螺母36之间的垫圈1解除预定的预紧扭矩； |
| and/or vibrates pressurized washer 1 between tightened nut 36 on loaded fastener 20 on tightened joint 30 to adequately pulverize bolt thread corrosion. |
和/或在拧紧接头30上的加载紧固件20上的拧紧螺母36之间振动加压垫圈1，以充分粉碎螺栓螺纹腐蚀。 |
| In LSHT mode tool 10B either: pressurizes washer 1 between tightened nut 36 on loaded fastener 20 and tightened joint 30 to a pre-determined tightening torque; |
在LSHT 模式工具10B中：在加载的紧固件20上的拧紧的螺母36和拧紧的接头30之间将垫圈1加压到预定的拧紧扭矩； |
| and/or compresses washer 1 between seated nut 36 on pre-loosened fastener 20 on pre-loosened joint 30 from the pre-determined tightening torque. |
和/或通过预定的拧紧扭矩将垫圈1压缩在预先松开的接头30上的预先松开的紧固件20上的固定螺母36之间。 |
| [0114] |
[0114] |
| In HSLT mode tool 10A either: runs down either nut 36 or both nut 36 and washer 1 on fastener 20 with the turning force in the one direction to seat nut 36 and compress washer 1 on pre-loaded fastener 20 on pre-tightened joint 30 to a pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
在HSLT 模式下，工具10A或者：利用一个方向上的旋转力使紧固件20上的螺母36或者螺母36和垫圈1两者向下运动，以使螺母36就位，并且将预紧接头30上的预紧紧固件20上的垫圈1压缩到预定的预紧扭矩； |
| runs up either seated nut 36 or both seated nut 36 and compressed washer 1 on pre-loosened fastener 20 on pre-loosened joint 30 with the turning force in the opposite direction from the pre-determined pre-loosening torque; |
利用与预定的预松开扭矩方向相反的旋转力，使位于预松开接头30上的预松开紧固件20上的坐落螺母36或坐落螺母36和压缩垫圈1移动； |
| or vibrates (impacts) tightened nut 36 over pressurized washer 1 to apply vibration to adequately pulverize thread corrosion. |
或者振动（冲击）加压垫圈1上的紧固螺母36以施加振动以充分粉碎螺纹腐蚀。 |
| In LSHT mode tool 10B either: tightens seated nut 36 on compressed washer 1 on pre-loaded fastener 20 on pre-tightened joint 30 with the turning force in the one direction to the pre-determined tightening torque and applies the reaction force in the opposite direction to compressed washer 1; |
在LSHT 模式工具10B中：利用一个方向上的旋转力将预紧固接头30上的预加载紧固件20上的压缩垫圈1上的固定螺母36紧固到预定紧固转矩，并将相反方向上的作用力施加到压缩垫圈1； |
| or loosens tightened nut 36 over pressurized washer 1 on loaded fastener 20 on tightened joint 30 with the turning force in the opposite direction from the pre-determined tightening torque and applies the reaction force in the one direction to pressurized washer 1. |
或者利用与预定拧紧扭矩相反方向的旋转力，将拧紧的螺母36松开到拧紧的接头30上的加载紧固件20上的加压垫圈1上，并将一个方向的作用力施加到加压垫圈1上。 |
| [0115] |
[0115] |
| During operation tool 10B in LSHT mode switches to tool 10A in HSLT mode upon unseating nut 36 and decompressing washer 1 at the pre-determined pre-loosening torque. |
在操作期间，在以预定的预松开扭矩使螺母36离位并使垫圈1减压时，LSHT 模式中的工具10B切换到HSLT 模式中的工具10A。 |
| During operation tool 10A in HSLT switches to tool 10B in LSHT mode upon either: seating nut 36 and decompressing washer 1 at the pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
在操作期间，HSLT 中的工具10A转换到LSHT 模式中的工具10B，或者：以预定的预紧扭矩固定螺母36和减压垫圈1； |
| or adequate pulverization of thread corrosion. |
或充分粉碎螺纹腐蚀。 |
| Note that the operator uses mode-shifting assembly 400 to switch the tool from LSHT mode to the HSLT mode or visa versa. |
注意，操作者使用模式转换组件400来将工具从LSHT 模式切换到HSLT 模式反之亦然。 |
| Note that mode shifting assembly 400 is a manual switch, but may be automatic. |
注意，模式转换组件400是手动开关，但是可以是自动的。 |
| Similarly, note that activation or deactivation of vibration (impaction) force assembly 300 may occur either manually or automatically. |
类似地，注意，振动（冲击）力组件300的激活或去激活可以手动或自动发生。 |
| Note that LSHT mode can be switched from torque regulated to vibration assisted or vice versa, and that HSLT mode can be switched from vibration regulated to torque assisted or vice versa. |
注意，LSHT 模式可以从转矩调节模式切换到振动辅助模式，反之亦然，HSLT 模式可以从振动调节模式切换到转矩辅助模式，反之亦然。 |
| Note that vibration (impaction) force assembly 300 can continue operating even if washer 1 begins or ceases rotation. |
注意，即使垫圈1开始或停止旋转，振动（冲击）力组件300也可以继续操作。 |
| And note that LSHT mode may be vibration assisted for loosening nut 36 to help overcome chemical, heat and/or lubrication corrosion and avoid bolt thread galling. |
并且注意，LSHT 模式可以是用于松开螺母36的振动辅助，以帮助克服化学，热和/或润滑腐蚀并避免螺栓螺纹磨损。 |
| [0116] |
[0116] |
| Applying torque to a fastener creates facial friction, thread friction as well as bolt load. |
向紧固件施加扭矩会产生表面摩擦，螺纹摩擦以及螺栓载荷。 |
| Friction and bolt load are inversely proportional: as friction increases, the amount of bolt load generated decreases. |
摩擦和螺栓载荷成反比：随着摩擦增加，产生的螺栓载荷的量减小。 |
| The speed at which a fastener is tightened has a pronounced affect on the magnitude of friction, and thereby bolt load generated in a joint to be closed. |
紧固件被拧紧的速度对摩擦的大小有显著的影响，从而对在待闭合的接头中产生的螺栓载荷有显著的影响。 |
| Advantageously the Z® Gun is able to utilize the principle that thread and under-head coefficients of friction decrease as rotation speed increases. |
有利的是，Z ®枪能够利用这样的原理，即旋转速度增加时，螺纹和头部下的摩擦系数减小。 |
| [0117] |
[0117] |
| The Z Gun operates, for example, as follows. |
Z-Gun 例如如下操作。 |
| Suppose a job requires tightening 1½″ studs with 2⅜″ nuts to 520 ft-lbs of torque using a Z® Gun-A1. |
假设一项工作需要使用Z ®枪-A1将具有23个⁄8个′′螺母的11/2个′′螺栓紧固到520英尺-磅的扭矩。 |
| The Z Gun-A1 is used for ranges of 300-1200 ft-lbs of torque. |
Z 枪-A1用于300-1200英尺-磅的扭矩。 |
| The Z® Gun-A1 comes with a standard drive size of ¾″ square drive and has dimensions (L×W×H) of 11.92″ by 3.29″ by 9.47″. |
Z ®枪-A1的标准驱动器尺寸为3/4′′方形驱动器，尺寸（L ×W ×H ）为11.92′′×3.29′′×9.47′′。 |
| The drive output housing has radius of 1.98″. |
驱动器输出外壳具有1.98′′的半径。 |
| The handle height and width are 6.94″ and 2.12″, respectively. |
手柄高度和宽度分别为6.94′′和2.12′′。 |
| The rundown and final torque RPMs range approximately from 4000 to 7, respectively. |
Rundown 和最终扭矩RPM 分别约为4000-7。 |
| The turning force of the tool is determined by air pressure supplied by a filter/regulator/lubricator (FRL). |
工具的旋转力由过滤器/调节器/润滑器（FRL ）提供的空气压力决定。 |
| The operator consults the corresponding pressure/torque conversion chart for this value. |
操作者查询用于该值的相应扭矩/压力转换图。 |
| In this case, 520 ft-lbs of final torque corresponds to a pneumatic pressure 50 psi. |
在这种情况下，520英尺-磅的最终扭矩对应于50psi的气压。 |
| The operator thus sets the air supply pressure of the FRL to 50 psi. |
因此，操作者将FRL 的空气供应压力设定为50psi。 |
| [0118] |
[0118] |
| Per FIG. 3B, tool 10A runs down nut 36 until snug against the flange in HSLT mode. |
根据图3B，工具10A沿着螺母36向下运动，直到在HSLT 模式下紧贴凸缘。 |
| Washer 1′ is compressed between seated nut 36′ and seated joint 30′. |
垫圈1的′在固定螺母36的′和固定接头30的′之间被压缩。 |
| In run down (HSLT) mode, the shifter (mode shifting assembly 400) is in the downward position and tool 10A is held with both hands. |
在向下运行（HSLT ）模式中，转换器（模式转换组件400）处于向下位置，并且用双手握住工具10A。 |
| [0119] |
[0119] |
| Per FIG. 3C, to begin torqueing in LSHT mode, the operator pulls shifter 400 toward him in the upward position. |
根据图3C，为了在LSHT 模式中开始扭转，操作者在向上的位置中朝向他拉动换档器400。 |
| Seated nut 36′ is engaged ensuring that outer reaction socket 17 fully encompasses compressed washer 1′. |
固定螺母36的′被接合以确保外作用插座17完全包围压缩垫圈1的′。 |
| Note the lack of pinch points because both hands are safely out of the tightening zone around seated nut 36′. |
注意没有夹点，因为两只手都安全地离开位于螺母36′周围的紧固区域。 |
| The operator depresses the trigger until tool 10B stalls and will no longer advance inner drive socket 16. |
操作者压下触发器直到工具10B停止并且不再推进内驱动插口16。 |
| The operator has applied 520 ft-lbs of torque to tightened nut 36″ and pressurized washer 1″, and every other nut will get the same tightening force as long as the FRL pressure is maintained. |
操作者已经向拧紧的螺母36′′和加压垫圈1′′施加了520英尺-磅的扭矩，并且只要保持FRL 压力，每隔一个螺母将获得相同的拧紧力。 |
| FIGS. 4A and 4B show a tightened joint 30″ which includes tightened fastener 20″, tightened nut 36″ and pressurized washer 1″. |
图4A和4B示出了拧紧的接头30的′′，其包括拧紧的紧固件20的′′，拧紧的螺母36的′′和加压的垫圈1的′′。 |
| [0120] |
[0120] |
| Note that bevel faces 8 assist washer 1 in clearing weld fillets formed between flanges and pipes in joint 30 and other clearance issues. |
注意，斜面8帮助垫圈1清除在接头30中的凸缘和管道之间形成的焊脚以及其它间隙问题。 |
| Further bevel faces 8 assist the outer reaction socket in engaging and rotatably coupling with washer 1. |
另外的斜面8帮助外作用插座与垫圈1接合并可旋转地连接。 |
| Bevel faces 8 may also accept modifications made to outer reaction socket 17 to allow for use on inverted bolting applications. |
斜面8还可以接受对外部作用插座17进行的修改，以允许用于倒置的螺栓连接应用。 |
| [0121] |
[0121] |
| The operator reverses the process for removal of tightened nut 36″, this time beginning in LSHT mode. |
操作人员取出拧紧的螺母36的′′的过程相反，这次从LSHT 模式开始。 |
| The effects of time and corrosion can make nuts and/or bolts more difficult to remove than they were to tighten. |
时间和腐蚀的影响会使螺母和/或螺栓比它们被紧固时更难拆除。 |
| Since achieving a specific torque value is not of concern in loosening, the operator may turn up the FRL air pressure to at or near its maximum, giving the tool nearly full power. |
由于实现特定的扭矩值在松开时是无关紧要的，操作者可以将FRL 空气压力升高到其最大值或接近最大值，从而使工具具有几乎全功率。 |
| A directional control is shifted to loosen. |
方向控制转换为松弛。 |
| The operator applies tool 10B to the application and positions an inner drive socket 16 on tightened nut 36″ and an outer reaction socket 17 on pressurized washer 1″. |
操作者将工具10B应用于该应用，并将内传动套节16定位在拧紧螺母36′′上，将外作用套节17定位在加压垫圈1′′上。 |
| The operator pulls speed-selector 400 upwards, activates tool 10B and proceeds to loosen tightened nut 36″ until it can be turned by hand and react off of pressurized washers 1″. |
操作者向上拉动速度选择器400，启动工具10B并继续松开拧紧的螺母36的′′，直到它能够用手转动并对加压垫圈1的′′作出反应。 |
| The operator shifts speed-selector 400 to the HSLT position to run off nut 36. |
操作者将速度选择器400移动到HSLT 位置以使螺母36脱开。 |
| Recall that the vibration force mechanism can be activated while the nut is tight to pulverize dried corrosion before applying full torque to the nut for loosening. |
回想到，在向螺母施加用于松开的全部扭矩之前，在螺母被拧紧以粉碎干燥的腐蚀的同时，可以激活振动力机构。 |
| This results in less torque necessary to loosen the industrial threaded fastener, and the pulverized dried grease does not pile up or concentrate on portions of threads. |
这导致松开工业螺纹紧固件所需的扭矩较小，并且粉碎的干燥油脂不会堆积或集中在螺纹部分上。 |
| [0122] |
[0122] |
| Note that portions of this specification associated with FIGS. 16-23 provide a thorough discussion of the HYTORC Z® Gun and related tools. |
注意，与图16-23相关的本说明书的部分提供了对HYTORCZ ®枪和相关工具的全面讨论。 |
| [0123] |
[0123] |
| HYTORC® Z® Sockets. |
HYTORC ®Z ®药囊。 |
| Z® Washer benefits are optimized when used with HYTORC® Z® Sockets having dual drive coaxial action and reaction. |
当与具有双驱动同轴作用和反应的HYTORC ®Z ®药囊一起使用时，Z ®Washer 的益处被优化。 |
| Outer sleeves react on Z® Washers and inner sleeves turn the nuts or bolt heads adjacent (on top of) the washers. |
外套筒作用在Z ®洗涤器上，内套筒转动邻近（在顶部上）洗涤器的螺母或螺栓头。 |
| Several dual socket systems of the present invention and proprietary to HYTORC® do exactly that. |
本发明的和HYTORC ®所专有的几种双插座系统正是这样做的。 |
| First and foremost, the Z® Gun having a Z® Socket is the fastest and easiest way to get all the benefits of this reaction-free technology. |
首先，具有Z ®袋的Z ®枪是获得该无反应技术的所有益处的最快和最容易的方式。 |
| Portions of the outer socket surround the Z® Washer and rotatably couples with splines on the body of the torque tool. |
外套筒的部分围绕Z ®Washer 并且与扭矩工具主体上的花键可旋转地联接。 |
| The inner socket connects to the tool's drive and turns the nut. |
内套筒连接到工具的驱动器并转动螺母。 |
| The Z® Gun impact action runs the nut down rapidly and then shifts effortlessly to the controlled torqueing mode while reacting against the Z® Washer. |
Z ®枪冲击作用使螺母快速向下运动，然后不费力地转换到受控扭矩模式，同时与Z ®Washer 反应。 |
| There are no external pinch points or unwanted side loads. |
没有外部夹点或不需要的侧向负载。 |
| For the first time controlled torque is possible with an air tool, without sacrificing speed and flexibility. |
在不牺牲速度和灵活性的情况下，利用气动工具可以首次实现受控扭矩。 |
| These proprietary socket assemblies exceed all of the applicable ANSI standards for toughness and safety and come in a full range of inch and metric sizes to fit any job. |
这些专用插座组件超出了所有适用于韧性和安全性的ANSI 标准，并且达到适合任何工作的全英寸和公制尺寸范围。 |
| [0124] |
[0124] |
| Applicant disclosed important characteristics about washers in its HYTORC WASHER™-related patent filings. |
申请人在其HYTORCWASHERTM 相关专利文件中公开了关于洗涤器的重要特征。 |
| Washers positioned in the load path either turn with the nut (or bolt head) or stand still; |
位于负载路径中的垫圈随螺母（或螺栓头）转动或静止不动； |
| never will washers turn in opposite direction as the nut due to facial friction and load compression. |
由于表面摩擦和载荷压缩，垫圈不会像螺母那样沿相反方向转动。 |
| Applicant's innovation determined the efficacy of reacting off in-line washers. |
申请人的创新决定了离线洗涤器反应的效率。 |
| Notwithstanding friction benefits from the threaded insert, the HYTORC WASHER™ is viable because of this observation. |
尽管螺纹插入件具有摩擦优点，但是HYTORCWASHERTM 由于该观察是可行的。 |
| [0125] |
[0125] |
| Generally joints to be closed of the present invention are tightened by way of a bolt and a nut. |
通常，本发明的待闭合的接头通过螺栓和螺母拧紧。 |
| The bolt, having a hardened washer adjacent its bolt head, is inserted through holes in the joint. |
具有邻近其螺栓头的硬化垫圈的螺栓穿过接头中的孔插入。 |
| The nut, having an adjacent geometrically engageable hardened washer, is screwed to the bolt. |
具有相邻的可几何接合的硬化垫圈的螺母被拧到螺栓上。 |
| An inner action socket turns the nut and tightens the joint and an outer reaction socket transfers the tool's reaction force to the geometrically engageable hardened washer. |
内作用承窝转动螺母并拧紧接头，外作用承窝将工具的作用力传递给几何可接合硬化垫圈。 |
| As the action torque to the joint increases, the reaction force of the action torque proportionately increases. |
随着对接头的作用扭矩增加，作用扭矩的作用力成比例地增加。 |
| The rotatably coupled outer socket is geometrically engaged with the hardened washer that eliminates the rotation of the tool relative to the operator due to the reaction force. |
可旋转连接的外套筒与硬化垫圈几何接合，该硬化垫圈消除了工具由于作用力而相对于操作者的旋转。 |
| [0126] |
[0126] |
| FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are perspective views of dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly 15. |
图5A，5B和5C是双驱动同轴作用和作用组件15的透视图。 |
| FIG. 5A is an assembled cross section perspective view. |
图5A是组装后的横截面透视图。 |
| FIG. 5B is an assembled perspective view. |
图5B是组装后的透视图。 |
| FIG. 5C is an exploded perspective view. |
图5C是分解透视图。 |
| FIG. 5D is a plan cross-section view of dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly 15 on tightened joint 30″. |
图5D是双驱动同轴作用和作用插座组件15在紧固接头30′′上的平面剖视图。 |
| [0127] |
[0127] |
| In HSLT mode, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, socket assembly 15 is substantially for transferring a vibrated form of a turning force to nut 36 and washer 1 in one direction. |
在HSLT 模式中，如图3A和3B所示，插座组件15基本上用于将振动形式的旋转力沿一个方向传递到螺母36和垫圈1。 |
| In LSHT mode, as shown in FIG. 3C, the results of which are shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, socket assembly 15 is substantially for transferring a multiplied form of the turning force to nut 36 in the one direction and the corresponding multiplied form of a reaction force in another direction to washer 1, which acts as a stationary object. |
在LSHT 模式中，如图3C所示，其结果在图4A和4B中示出，插座组件15基本上用于在一个方向上向螺母36传递倍增形式的旋转力，并且在另一个方向上向垫圈1传递相应倍增形式的作用力，垫圈1用作固定物体。 |
| [0128] |
[0128] |
| Referring to FIG. 5A, inner drive socket 16 includes an inner edge 52 with a nut or bolt head engaging means 51. |
参照图5A，内传动套节16包括具有螺母或螺栓头接合装置51的内边缘52。 |
| Outer reaction socket 17 has a lower inner edge 62 with a washer 1 engaging means 61 for engaging washer outer edge 4, or outer socket engaging means 9. |
外作用插座17具有下部内边缘62，该下部内边缘62具有用于接合垫圈外边缘4的垫圈1接合装置61或者外插座接合装置9。 |
| Inner drive socket 16 is substantially disposed inside outer reaction socket 17. |
内传动套节16基本上设置在外作用套节17内。 |
| They are coupled together via a socket coupling means 18. |
它们通过插座连接装置18连接在一起。 |
| The sockets cooperatively and relatively rotatable in opposite directions through the tool housing. |
所述承窝通过所述工具壳体在相反方向上协同地和相对地旋转。 |
| Lower inner edge 62 and its washer 1 engaging means 61 and washer 1 outer edge 4 and its outer socket engaging means 9 are substantially vertical. |
下内边缘62及其垫圈1的接合装置61和垫圈1的外边缘4及其外套筒接合装置9基本上是垂直的。 |
| Outer reaction socket 17 includes a lower outer edge 63 having a tapered surface inclined inwardly toward a bottom of lower inner edge 62. |
外作用插座17包括下外边缘63，该下外边缘63具有朝着下内边缘62的底部向内倾斜的锥形表面。 |
| A bottom face 54 of inner socket 16 rotates on and/or over an upper face 64 of a lower inner edge 65 of outer socket 17. |
内插座16的底面54在外插座17的下内边缘65的上表面64上和/或上方旋转。 |
| Note that socket coupling means 18 is designed for use with HYTORC®'s hydraulic square drive tools. |
注意，插座联接装置18设计成与HYTORC ®的液压方形驱动工具一起使用。 |
| Note that socket coupling means 18A is designed for use with HYTORC®'s pneumatic and electric torque guns, such as tool 10A (and 10B). |
注意，插座联接装置18A设计成与HYTORC ®的气动和电动扭矩枪，例如工具10A（和10B）一起使用。 |
| [0129] |
[0129] |
| Washer 1 has, inter alia, annular radius R1A, lobe radius R1L, knurl radius R1k and a center bore radius R1V. |
垫圈1尤其具有环形半径R1A，凸角半径R1L，滚花半径R1K和中心孔半径R1V。 |
| Washer 1 has a height H1W, a first bevel height H1Bi, a second bevel height a knurl height H1Bii, a knurl height H1K and a bevel angle °1. |
垫圈1具有高度H1W，第一斜面高度H1Bi，第二斜面高度，滚花高度H1Bi1，滚花高度H1K和斜角°1。 |
| Nut 36 has a hex radius R36N and a height H36N. |
螺母36具有六角形半径R36N和高度H36N。 |
| Outer reaction socket 17 has washer engagement radius R17W that includes a washer/outer socket gap width G1A that assists outer reaction socket 17 in easily engaging washer 1. |
外作用插座17具有垫圈接合半径R17W，垫圈接合半径R17W包括有助于外作用插座17容易地接合垫圈1的垫圈/外插座间隙宽度G1A。 |
| A void space 19 having separation height H1L provides sufficient clearance between inner and outer sockets 16 and 17. |
具有分离高度HIL 的空隙空间19提供了内承窝16和外承窝17之间的足够间隙。 |
| Inner socket 16 is free to rotate on upper face 64. |
内插座16在上表面64上自由旋转。 |
| [0130] |
[0130] |
| Note that any suitable engagement geometry will do, such as that disclosed in HYTORC®'s patents and patent applications incorporated herein by reference. |
注意，任何合适的接合几何形状都可以，例如在HYTORC ®的专利和专利申请中所公开的接合几何形状，该专利和专利申请在此引入作为参考。 |
| But note U.S. Pat. No. 8,631,724, having Issue Date of 21 Jan. 2014, entitled “FASTENING SOCKETS, WASHERS AND FASTENERS USED WITH THE WASHERS AND THE FASTENING SOCKETS”, an entire copy of which is incorporated herein by reference. |
但请注意美国专利第8，631，724号，其发布日期为2014年1月21日，标题为“FASTENINGSOCKETS ，WASHERSAND FASTENERS USED WITH THE WASHERS AND THE FASTENINGSOCKETS ”，其全文以引用的方式并入本文中。 |
| Outer socket engagement means of the '724 patent do not engage with the outer surface of a washer, but merely an “outer edge portion”, thereby increasing failure probabilities. |
'724专利的外套筒接合装置不与垫圈的外表面接合，而仅与“外边缘部分”接合，从而增加了失效概率。 |
| [0131] |
[0131] |
| Outer reaction socket 17 of tool 10A is idle and inactive in HSLT mode. |
在HSLT 模式中，工具10A的外作用插座17是空闲的和不活动的。 |
| It is not spline engaged with housing of turning force multiplication assembly 200. |
它不与转动力倍增组件200的壳体花键接合。 |
| Impaction and/or vibration force transmitters of vibration force assembly 300 are spline engaged to an output drive shaft, which turns inner drive socket 16 to run up or down nut 36 on fastener 20. |
振动力组件300的冲击和/或振动力传送器与输出驱动轴花键接合，该输出驱动轴转动内传动套节16以使紧固件20上的螺母36上下运动。 |
| Outer reaction socket 17 of tool 10B, however, is rotatably coupled and geometrically engaged with washer 1 under nut 36. |
然而，工具10B的外作用插座17在螺母36下与垫圈1可旋转地连接和几何接合。 |
| Upon seating of nut 36′, compressed washer 1′ serves as the stationary object by which the housing of turning force multiplication assembly 200 reacts via reaction socket 17. |
在螺母36′就位时，压缩垫圈1′用作静止物体，旋转力倍增组件200的壳体通过作用插座17作用。 |
| With the housing of turning force multiplication assembly 300 held still, the turning force multiplication transmitters tighten seated nut 36″ via the turning force output drive shaft. |
在旋转力倍增组件300的壳体保持静止的情况下，旋转力倍增发送器通过旋转力输出驱动轴拧紧就位的螺母36′′。 |
| [0132] |
[0132] |
| During operation of any embodiment of tools having reaction socket assemblies of the present invention the drive socket turns either a nut or a bolt head. |
在具有本发明的作用插座组件的工具的任何实施例的操作过程中，驱动插座转动螺母或螺栓头。 |
| During operation of one embodiment of such a tool the reaction socket stands still during HSLT mode. |
在这种工具的一个实施例的操作过程中，作用插座在HSLT 模式下保持静止。 |
| During operation of another embodiment of such a tool the reaction socket turns in the same direction as the drive socket in HSLT mode but stands still in LSHT mode. |
在这种工具的另一实施例的操作过程中，作用插座在HSLT 模式下沿与驱动插座相同的方向转动，但仍处于LSHT 模式。 |
| And during operation of another embodiment of such a tool the reaction socket either stands still or turns in the opposite direction with the drive socket in HSLT but stands still in LSHT mode. |
并且在这种工具的另一个实施例的操作过程中，作用插座或者静止不动，或者在HSLT 中与驱动插座转向相反的方向，但是在LSHT 模式中静止不动。 |
| [0133] |
[0133] |
| In other words the drive socket is always operatively connected with either the nut or the bolt head during all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance. |
换句话说，在从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式期间，传动套节总是与螺母或螺栓头可操作地连接。 |
| And the reaction socket is either: operatively connected to the housing and the coaxial reaction surface to transfer a reaction force to the coaxial reaction surface during the higher resistance torque mode; |
以及作用插座，可操作地连接到壳体和同轴作用表面，以在较高阻力矩模式期间将作用力传递到同轴作用表面； |
| operatively connected to the housing and the coaxial reaction surface during either the lower resistance torque mode or the intermittent force mode; |
在低阻力矩模式或间歇力模式期间可操作地连接到壳体和同轴反应表面； |
| or operatively connected to the housing and operatively disconnected from the coaxial reaction surface during either the lower resistance torque mode or the intermittent force mode. |
或者在较低阻力矩模式或间歇力模式期间可操作地连接到壳体并且可操作地从同轴作用表面断开。 |
| [0134] |
[0134] |
| In other words a torque power tool of the present invention includes: a drive means to connect with a drive socket of a dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly to turn a nut or a bolt head; |
换句话说，本发明的扭矩动力工具包括：驱动装置，其与双驱动同轴作用和作用套筒组件的驱动套筒连接，以转动螺母或螺栓头； |
| a reaction means to connect with a reaction socket of the dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly to pass on the reaction force to a washer; |
作用装置，其与双驱动同轴作用的作用插座组件的作用插座连接，以将作用力传递至垫圈； |
| a connecting means between the drive and reaction means; |
驱动装置和作用装置之间的连接装置； |
| at least two modes of operation including a high speed low torque mode and a low speed high torque mode; |
至少两种运行模式，包括高速低扭矩模式和低速高扭矩模式； |
| wherein the drive socket is turned in one direction by the drive means during both the low speed high torque mode and the high speed low torque mode; |
其中，在低速高扭矩模式和高速低扭矩模式期间，通过驱动装置沿一个方向转动传动套节； |
| wherein the reaction socket is turned in the one direction when the connecting means between the drive and the reaction means is activated in the high speed low torque mode but does not turn the washer when the connecting means is deactivated in the high torque low speed mode. |
其中，当在高速低扭矩模式下启动驱动器和作用装置之间的连接装置时，作用插座在一个方向上转动，但是当在高扭矩低速模式下停用连接装置时，作用插座不转动垫圈。 |
| [0135] |
[0135] |
| And in other words a torque power tool of the present invention includes: a drive means for connecting a drive socket to a nut or a bolt head; |
换句话说，本发明的扭矩动力工具包括：用于将传动套节连接到螺母或螺栓头的传动装置； |
| a first reaction means and a second reaction means for connecting a reaction socket to a washer; |
用于将反应插座连接到垫圈的第一反应装置和第二反应装置； |
| at least two modes of operation-a high speed low torque mode and a low speed high torque mode; |
至少两种运行模式-高速低扭矩模式和低速高扭矩模式； |
| wherein the drive socket is turned by the drive means during both modes of to turn the nut or the bolt head; |
其中，在转动螺母或螺栓头的两种模式期间，传动套节由驱动装置转动； |
| wherein the reaction socket connects to a washer underneath the nut or the bolt head; |
其中，反应插座连接到螺母或螺栓头下方的垫圈； |
| a first reaction means which stops said reaction socket from turning in the low speed high torque mode while the washer takes up a higher magnitude reaction force; |
第一作用部件，其在低速高转矩模式下使所述作用插座停止转动，同时垫圈吸收较高的作用力； |
| and a second reaction means which stops the reaction socket from turning in the high speed low torque mode while an operator takes up a lower magnitude reaction force. |
以及第二作用装置，其在操作者承受较小的作用力的同时，在高速低扭矩模式下使作用插座停止转动。 |
| In this case, a turning force multiplication assembly housing spline adaptor is the first reaction means. |
在这种情况下，容纳花键适配器的转动力倍增组件是第一作用装置。 |
| And a mode shifting assembly-switching arm having a spline adaptor is the second reaction means. |
具有花键适配器的模式转换组件切换臂为第二作用装置。 |
| [0136] |
[0136] |
| Dual sockets, particularly reaction sleeves (sockets), of the present invention were developed for use in conjunction with all of HYTORC®'s electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic torque/tension systems. |
本发明的双套筒，特别是作用套筒（套筒）被开发用于与所有HYTORC ®的电动，液压和气动扭矩/张力系统结合使用。 |
| It was necessary to minimize outside diameters of reaction sleeves to provide maximum clearance between tool reaction systems and the surrounding fastener environments. |
必须使作用套筒的外径最小，以在工具作用系统和周围紧固件环境之间提供最大间隙。 |
| Minimizing outside diameters of reaction sleeves required minimizing outside diameters of action sockets too. |
减小作用套筒的外径也需要减小作用承窝的外径。 |
| [0137] |
[0137] |
| Generally numerous part geometries were devised for sleeves, sockets and adaptor rings of the present invention. |
通常，为本发明的套筒，承窝和适配环设计了多种部件几何形状。 |
| All potential components were prototyped and evaluated experimentally in HYTORC®'s research and development center. |
在HYTORC ®的研究和开发中心中对所有潜在组分进行原型化和实验评价。 |
| Quality tests included subjecting the parts to their particular application load for countless cycles. |
质量测试包括使部件经受其特定的应用负荷无数次的循环。 |
| Various material and heat-treatment alternatives were also evaluated experimentally. |
还通过实验评估了各种材料和热处理替代方案。 |
| [0138] |
[0138] |
| Note that portions of this specification associated with FIGS. 16-23 provide additional discussion of the HYTORC Z® Sockets. |
应注意，本说明书的与图16-23相关联的部分提供了对HYTORCZ ®套囊的额外论述。 |
| [0139] |
[0139] |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer-Fastener Radial Engagement Differential. |
HYTORC ®Z ®垫圈-紧固件径向啮合差速器。 |
| In torque tools with reaction fixtures of the prior art, reaction torque is equal and opposite to the action torque. |
在现有技术的具有作用固定装置的扭矩工具中，作用扭矩与作用扭矩相等且相反。 |
| But the reaction force applied by the reaction arm is far greater on a nearby stationary object. |
但是由作用臂施加的作用力在附近的静止物体上大得多。 |
| The reaction force is multiplied by distance, the reaction arm length. |
作用力乘以距离，即作用臂长度。 |
| Indeed side load, or reaction abutment force, for a tool may range from 2× to 4× its torque output at abutment points of a distance of, for example, ½ foot from the turning force axis of the drive. |
实际上，在距驱动器的旋转力轴线例如1/2英尺的邻接点处，工具的侧向载荷或作用邻接力的范围可以从其扭矩输出的2倍到4倍。 |
| That greater reaction force is concentrated at only that one location. |
该较大的作用力仅集中在该位置。 |
| Naturally shorter reaction arms transfer smaller reaction abutment force to abutment points closer to the turning force axis of the drive. |
自然地，较短的作用臂将较小的作用邻接力传递到更靠近驱动器的旋转力轴线的邻接点。 |
| It stands to reason that an extremely short reaction arm would transfer a reaction abutment force of similar, yet slightly larger, magnitude as the torque tool output because the abutment point is extremely close to the turning force axis of the drive. |
显然，非常短的作用臂将传递与扭矩工具输出类似但稍大的作用邻接力，因为邻接点非常靠近驱动器的旋转力轴线。 |
| [0140] |
[0140] |
| Irregularities in threads yield adverse bolting characteristics. |
螺纹的不规则性产生不利的螺栓连接特性。 |
| Among other detriments, side load causes the nut and bolt threads to engage with enormous force on the near side where it is applied such that the dried out grease gets piled up in that location when the nut is turned. |
在其它不利因素中，侧向载荷导致螺母和螺栓螺纹在其被施加的近侧上以巨大的力接合，使得当螺母被转动时，干燥的油脂堆积在该位置。 |
| Often only small fractions of total thread surface areas are engaged between the bolt and the nut. |
通常在螺栓和螺母之间仅接合全部螺纹表面区域的一小部分。 |
| This causes bolt threads to gall, which requires substantially more torque and thus substantially more side load to loosen the nut. |
这导致螺栓螺纹磨损，这需要相当大的扭矩并因此需要相当大的侧向载荷来松开螺母。 |
| This chain of events often ruins bolt and nut threads. |
这一系列事件经常毁坏螺栓和螺母螺纹。 |
| The fastener locks up or seizes at the point where all of the turning force is used by thread friction, which can lead to breakage of the fastener or the tool turning it. |
紧固件在所有旋转力被螺纹摩擦使用的点处锁定或卡住，这可导致紧固件或旋转它的工具断裂。 |
| [0141] |
[0141] |
| The torque power tool originally used to tighten the fastener is often insufficient for loosening the same corroded fastener. |
最初用于拧紧紧固件的扭矩动力工具通常不足以松开相同的腐蚀紧固件。 |
| Such corroded fasteners may require loosening torque values ranging from 2× to 4× higher than the tightening torque requiring a more powerful tool for breakout loosening. |
这种被腐蚀的紧固件可能需要比紧固扭矩高2×至4×的范围内的松开扭矩值，所述紧固扭矩值需要更有力的工具来松开断裂。 |
| High temperature bolting applications such as, for example, in turbines and casings, are usually critical requiring either stainless or precision manufactured fasteners with extremely high replacement costs. |
高温螺栓连接应用，例如在涡轮机和壳体中，通常是关键的，需要具有极高替换成本的不锈钢或精密制造的紧固件。 |
| In addition the use of fine thread bolts, which is popular as of late, multiplies this problem. |
此外，到目前为止流行的细螺纹螺栓的使用增加了这个问题。 |
| [0142] |
[0142] |
| Similarly reaction torque is equal and opposite to action torque in HYTORC® dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly. |
类似地，作用转矩与HYTORC ®双驱动同轴作用和作用插座组件中的作用转矩相等且相反。 |
| But the reaction force intensification characteristic is applicable too. |
但作用力增强特性也适用。 |
| Referring back to Applicant's HYTORC WASHER™ and SMARTWASHER™ related patent disclosures, these washers had substantially similar radius as that of the nut. |
回头参考申请人的HYTORCWASHERTM 和SMARTWASHERTM 相关专利公开，这些垫圈具有与螺母基本相似的半径。 |
| Reaction forces applied to these washers were of similar magnitude as the equal and opposite reaction torque. |
施加到这些垫圈上的作用力与相等且相反的作用力矩大小相似。 |
| This helps to explain why HYTORC WASHERs™ and SMARTWASHERs™ sometimes rotated with the nut or bolt head. |
这有助于解释为什么HYTORCWASHERTM 和SMARTWASHERTM 有时与螺母或螺栓头一起旋转。 |
| [0143] |
[0143] |
| Industrial bolting professionals have recognized the necessity of using relatively similar fastener component sizes. |
工业螺栓连接专业人员已经认识到使用相对相似的紧固件部件尺寸的必要性。 |
| In normal bolting operations it matters not whether the bolt head or the nut is torqued. |
在正常的螺栓连接操作中，螺栓头或螺母是否被扭转无关紧要。 |
| This assumes, of course, that the bolt head and the nut face are of the same diameter and where contact surfaces are the same to yield the same coefficient of friction. |
当然，这假定螺栓头和螺母面具有相同的直径，并且接触表面相同以产生相同的摩擦系数。 |
| If they are not then it does matter. |
如果它们不是，那么它是重要的。 |
| Say the nut was flanged and the bolt head was not. |
假设螺母有凸缘，而螺栓头没有。 |
| If the tightening torque was determined assuming that the nut was to be tightened but the bolt head was subsequently tightened instead then the bolt could be overloaded. |
如果在假定螺母将被拧紧而螺栓头随后被拧紧的情况下确定拧紧扭矩，则螺栓可能过载。 |
| Typically 50 % of the torque is used to overcome friction under the tightening surface. |
通常，50%的扭矩用于克服紧固表面下的摩擦。 |
| Hence a smaller friction radius will result in more torque going into the thread of the bolt and hence being over tightened. |
因此，较小的摩擦半径将导致更多的扭矩进入螺栓的螺纹并因此被过度拧紧。 |
| If the reverse were true, namely that the torque was determined assuming that the bolt head was to be tightened and then the nut was subsequently tightened, the bolt would be under tightened. |
如果相反的情况成立，即假定螺栓头要被拧紧然后螺母随后被拧紧而确定扭矩，则螺栓将被欠拧紧。 |
| [0144] |
[0144] |
| Just as an extremely long reaction arm applies an extremely greater reaction force to a nearby stationary object, an extremely short reaction arm applies a reaction abutment force of similar, yet slightly larger, magnitude as the torque tool output. |
就像极长的作用臂向附近的静止物体施加非常大的作用力一样，极短的作用臂施加与扭矩工具输出相似但幅度稍大的作用邻接力。 |
| In this sense outer reaction socket 17 can be considered a 360® reaction arm applying that reaction abutment force of similar, yet slightly larger, magnitude as the torque tool output infinitely around outer edge 4 of washer 1. |
在这个意义上，外作用插座17可被认为是®的作用臂，其施加与围绕垫圈1的外边缘4无限输出的扭矩工具相似但稍大的作用邻接力。 |
| Indeed outer reaction socket 17 applies a greater reaction abutment force to reaction washer 1 under nut 36. |
实际上，外作用插座17在螺母36下对作用垫圈1施加更大的作用邻接力。 |
| This is achievable only by having a slightly larger washer 1-outer reaction socket 17 geometrically shaped engagement than a nut 36-inner drive socket 16 geometrically shaped engagement. |
这仅通过具有比螺母36-内部传动套节16的几何形状接合稍大的垫圈1-外部作用套节17的几何形状接合来实现。 |
| Applicant's fundamental observation about washers coupled with this new observation ensures a still washer in which to react. |
申请人关于垫圈的基本观察与该新观察相结合确保了在其中起作用的静止垫圈。 |
| [0145] |
[0145] |
| Referring to FIG. 5D, outer edge 4 of pressurized washer 1″ extends beyond an outer edge 37 of tightened nut 36″. |
参照图5D，加压垫圈1′′的外边缘4延伸超过紧固螺母36′′的外边缘37。 |
| Notably a reaction force 92 acting in another direction 94 received by washer outer edge 4 is greater than an action torque 91 acting in one direction 93 received by nut 36. |
值得注意的是，由垫圈外边缘4接收的沿另一方向94作用的作用力92大于由螺母36接收的沿一个方向93作用的作用转矩91。 |
| Pressurized washer 1″ absorbs reaction force 92 of tool 10B such that tool 10B applies action torque 91 to seated nut 36′ and applies a slightly greater but opposite reaction force 92 to washer outer edge 4. |
加压的垫圈1′′吸收工具10B的作用力92，使得工具10B将作用扭矩91施加到固定的螺母36′，并将稍大但相反的作用力92施加到垫圈外边缘4。 |
| Seated nut 1′ turns but compressed washer 1′ stands still. |
坐式螺母1′转动但压缩垫圈1′静止不动。 |
| This relative positioning, namely, that washer outside edge 4 is farther from the center of rotation, or turning force axis A10, than nut outer edge 37, is one innovative aspect of the present invention. |
这种相对定位，即垫圈外边缘4比螺母外边缘37更远离旋转中心或旋转力轴线A10，是本发明的一个创新方面。 |
| Reaction force 92 acts through the effective lever arm of outer socket 17 a distance R1A away from turning force axis A10 that tends to hold washer 1 still. |
作用力92通过外套筒17的有效杠杆臂作用，离开倾向于保持垫圈1静止的旋转力轴线A10一段距离R1A。 |
| As a result of the differential in radius of the outer polygonal engagements, washer 1 remains stationary on joint 30 rather than rotate with nut 36 as fastener 20 is tightened or loosened. |
由于外部多边形接合的半径不同，垫圈1在接头30上保持静止，而不是在紧固件20拧紧或松开时与螺母36一起旋转。 |
| [0146] |
[0146] |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer Friction Coefficient Increasing Treatment Means. |
HYTORC ®Z 型®洗涤器提高摩擦系数的处理方法。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 6, this shows a bottom-up view of bottom bearing face 3 formed with friction coefficient increasing treatment means 60. |
参照图6，其示出了形成有摩擦系数增加处理装置60的底部支承面3的仰视图。 |
| Nut 36 is shown adjacent smooth top bearing face 2. |
螺母36显示为邻近光滑的顶部支承面2。 |
| Frictional forces are lower between nut 36 and washer 1 at the engagement of smooth contact surfaces 2 and 38 than the engagement of rough contact surface 3 and flange surface 30. |
在光滑接触表面2和38的接合处，螺母36和垫圈1之间的摩擦力小于粗糙接触表面3和凸缘表面30的接合。 |
| Thus nut 36 tends to rotate and washer 1 tends to remain still. |
因此，螺母36趋于旋转，而垫圈1趋于保持静止。 |
| [0147] |
[0147] |
| FIGS. 6B, 6C, 6D and 6E explain this phenomena. |
图6B，6C，6D和6E解释了这种现象。 |
| FIG. 6B shows nut 36 being torqued and compressed against top bearing face 2 of washer 1. |
图6B示出了螺母36被扭转并压靠在垫圈1的顶部支承面2上。 |
| Top bearing face 2 and a bottom bearing face 38 of nut 1 are smooth. |
螺母1的顶部支承面2和底部支承面38是光滑的。 |
| During a tightening process, a friction force 71, between nut 36 and washer 1 acts in one direction 92. |
在拧紧过程中，螺母36和垫圈1之间的摩擦力71沿一个方向92作用。 |
| A compression force Fn of nut 36 acts on washer 1 in a downward direction along turning force axis A10. |
螺母36的压缩力Fn 沿旋转力轴线A10向下作用在垫圈1上。 |
| A radius r is an effective frictional radius, or the distance from turning force axis A10 to a center of frictional area 73, of bottom bearing face 38 of nut 36. |
半径r 是螺母36的底部支承面38的有效摩擦半径，或从转动力轴线A10到摩擦区域73的中心的距离。 |
| [0148] |
[0148] |
| FIG. 6C shows washer 1 being compressed against bearing face 35 of joint 30. |
图6C示出了垫圈1被压靠在接头30的支承面35上。 |
| Bearing face 35 and bottom bearing face 3 of washer 1 are engaged frictionally and with load. |
垫圈1的支承面35和底部支承面3与负载摩擦接合。 |
| During a tightening process, a friction force 72R between washer 1 and joint 30 acts in another direction 93. |
在紧固过程中，垫圈1和接头30之间的摩擦力72R沿另一方向93作用。 |
| A compression force Fb of joint 30 acts on washer 1 in an upward direction along turning force axis A10. |
接头30的压缩力Fb 沿旋转力轴线A10向上作用在垫圈1上。 |
| A radius R is an effective frictional radius, or the distance from turning force axis A10 to a center of frictional area 74R of bottom bearing face 3 of washer 1. |
半径R 是有效摩擦半径，或从转动力轴线A10到垫圈1的底部支承面3的摩擦区域74R的中心的距离。 |
| [0149] |
[0149] |
| FIG. 6D shows a combination of FIGS. 6B and 6C. |
图6D示出了图6B和6C的组合。 |
| FIG. 6E shows Fn and Fb. |
图6E示出了Fn 和Fb 。 |
| A compression force Fc generated by nut 36 tightening on fastener 20 is equal on both sides of washer 1 such that Fn=Fb=Fc. |
由拧紧在紧固件20上的螺母36产生的压缩力Fc 在垫圈1的两侧相等，使得Fn =Fb =Fc 。 |
| Friction force (FR)=μ*Fc, where μ is the coefficient of friction. |
摩擦力（FR ）=μ*Fc ，其中μ是摩擦系数。 |
| Note that the effective frictional radius of friction coefficient increasing treatment means 60, or R, is greater than the effective frictional radius of nut 36, or r, such that Fc*R>Fc*r. |
注意，摩擦系数增加处理装置60的有效摩擦半径或R 大于螺母36的有效摩擦半径或r ，使得Fc *R>Fc *r 。 |
| This means that the torque to overcome friction between nut 36 and washer 1 is smaller than the torque which would overcome the friction between friction coefficient increasing treatment means 60 of washer 1 and joint 30. |
这意味着克服螺母36和垫圈1之间的摩擦的扭矩小于克服垫圈1的摩擦系数增加处理装置60和接头30之间的摩擦的扭矩。 |
| [0150] |
[0150] |
| Referring back to the example in FIG. 6A, friction coefficient increasing treatment means 60 is shown, for example, as radial raised knurl pattern 7, having inner radius R7. |
再参照图6A中的示例，摩擦系数增加处理装置60例如被示为具有内径R7的径向凸起滚花图案7。 |
| Radial raised knurl pattern 7 is shown positioned as far from turning force axis A10 as feasible at a substantially maximum radius, RMAX, to maximize torque (TRMAX) while still below a compression area of nut 36. |
所示的径向凸起滚花图案7在基本上最大的半径RMAX 处尽可能远离旋转力轴线A10定位，以最大化扭矩（TRMAX ），同时仍然低于螺母36的压缩区域。 |
| As the clamping force increases, knurl pattern 7 sets itself on the flange face 35 material, thereby resisting the attempt of washer 1 to rotate with nut 36. |
当夹紧力增加时，滚花图案7自身设置在凸缘面35材料上，从而阻止垫圈1与螺母36一起旋转的企图。 |
| The coefficient of friction, μ, remains constant and is multiplied by constant compression force Fc to yield a constant friction force (Fb). |
摩擦系数μ保持恒定并乘以恒定压缩力Fc 以产生恒定摩擦力（Fb ）。 |
| The reaction torque (TR) is F*R. |
作用转矩（TR ）是F *R 。 |
| Maximum torque can be achieved at substantially maximum radius, RMAX, such that TRMAX=F* RMAX. |
最大转矩可以在基本上最大的半径RMAX 处实现，使得TRMAX =F *RMAX 。 |
| In other words, effective frictional radius, R, of washer 1 is greater than effective frictional radius, r, of nut 36. |
换句话说，垫圈1的有效摩擦半径R 大于螺母36的有效摩擦半径r 。 |
| Generally effective friction radius of Z® Washers of the present invention are greater than an effective friction radius of the nuts or bolt heads. |
通常，本发明的Z ®洗涤器的有效摩擦半径大于螺母或螺栓头的有效摩擦半径。 |
| Note that principles of mechanics (statics, dynamics, etc.) to describe traditional bolting applications and associated forces are well known in the art. |
注意，描述传统螺栓连接应用和相关力的力学原理（静力学，动力学等）在本领域是公知的。 |
| [0151] |
[0151] |
| Explained another way, washer l′s resistance to sliding or rotating while reaction torque is applied is a function of the load and coefficient of friction. |
换句话说，当施加作用转矩时，垫圈′对滑动或旋转的阻力是载荷和摩擦系数的函数。 |
| The following expressions depict the relationships between sliding force, friction, load and torque in a reaction washer: |
以下表达式描述了作用式垫圈中的滑动力，摩擦，载荷和扭矩之间的关系： |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| Sliding Force Resistance=(Coefficient of Friction)×(Load) |
滑动阻力=（摩擦系数）×（载荷） |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| F R =μ*F N |
FR =μ*FN |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| where: FR=Force (Resistance), μ=Coefficient of Friction, and FN=Force Normal (Weight or Load). |
其中：FR =力（阻力），μ=摩擦系数，并且FN =正常力（重量或负载）。 |
| [0152] |
[0152] |
| In a threaded fastener the force to overcome friction and create sliding or rotation is a function of applied torque and the friction radius. |
在螺纹紧固件中，克服摩擦并产生滑动或旋转的力是所施加的扭矩和摩擦半径的函数。 |
| So the force to create sliding can be expressed as: |
因此，产生滑动的力可以表示为： |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| F S=(Torque)/(Friction Radius) |
FS =（扭矩）/（摩擦半径） |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| F S =τ/r F |
FS =τ/rF |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| where: FR=Force (Sliding), τ=Torque and rF=Effective Friction Radius. |
其中：FR =力（滑动），τ=扭矩，rF =有效摩擦半径。 |
| Therefore in a fastener: |
因此，在紧固件中： |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| FS=FR |
FS =FR |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| τ/rF=μ*FN, such that: |
τ/rF =μ*FN ，使得： |
| [0000] |
[0000] |
| τ=μ*rF*FN |
τ=μ*rF *FN |
| [0153] |
[0153] |
| The above expression shows that the resistance to sliding under torque is function of the coefficient of friction, load and radius of the friction surface. |
上述表达式表明，在扭矩作用下的滑动阻力是摩擦系数，载荷和摩擦表面半径的函数。 |
| This effective friction radius is usually taken as the mean of the central bore hole and outer bearing face radii. |
该有效摩擦半径通常被认为是中心钻孔和外支承面半径的平均值。 |
| As the friction radius is increased the resistance to sliding or turning increases. |
随着摩擦半径增加，对滑动或转动的阻力增加。 |
| It is therefore understood that a means of increasing the washer friction radius relative to the nut or bolt friction radius will anchor the washer relative nut or bolt. |
因此可以理解，相对于螺母或螺栓摩擦半径增加垫圈摩擦半径的装置将相对于螺母或螺栓固定垫圈。 |
| Because they are equal and opposite torque forces, reaction washers and nuts or bolts will always have identical applied bolt load torque forces. |
因为它们是相等且相反的扭力，作用垫圈和螺母或螺栓将总是具有相同的施加的螺栓载荷扭力。 |
| Coefficients of friction are identical in fasteners when similar materials and lubricants are applied throughout. |
当类似的材料和润滑剂被施加到各处时，紧固件的摩擦系数是相同的。 |
| By increasing the friction radius of the washer bearing face it can therefore be ensured that washers will remain anchored relative to nut or bolt in all fastening situations. |
通过增加垫圈支承面的摩擦半径，因此可以确保垫圈在所有紧固情况下相对于螺母或螺栓保持固定。 |
| [0154] |
[0154] |
| Biasing the bearing surface outward increases the washer friction radius. |
向外偏压轴承表面增加了垫圈的摩擦半径。 |
| This can be done by adding surface features to the outermost area of the bearing face while neglecting the innermost areas. |
这可以通过在支承面的最外区域增加表面特征而忽略最内区域来实现。 |
| Because of high loads and typical embedment of mating surfaces only slight selective surface conditioning is required to effectively increase the friction radius. |
由于高载荷和配合表面的典型嵌入，仅需要轻微的选择性表面调节来有效地增加摩擦半径。 |
| [0155] |
[0155] |
| The position and coverage area of friction coefficient increasing treatment means, for example the raised knurl feature, and its relation to the footprint of the nut or bolt head ensures effectiveness of the Z® System. |
摩擦系数增加处理装置的位置和覆盖区域，例如凸起的滚花特征，及其与螺母或螺栓头的覆盖区的关系，确保了Z ®系统的有效性。 |
| The bottom surface of the washer includes outwardly positioned friction coefficient increasing treatments, defining a frictional portion for engagement with the surface of the joint. |
垫圈的底表面包括向外设置的摩擦系数增加处理部，其限定了用于与接头表面接合的摩擦部分。 |
| The frictional portion is disposed about an outer peripheral portion of the bottom surface and extends inwardly to a width less than the total width of the washer body. |
摩擦部分设置在底表面的外周部分周围，并向内延伸至小于垫圈主体的总宽度的宽度。 |
| The frictionally enhanced surface tends to lock up the nut by maintaining bolt load, thereby preventing unintended loosening. |
摩擦增强表面倾向于通过保持螺栓载荷来锁定螺母，从而防止无意的松动。 |
| In other words the bottom surface of the washer is roughened in order to assure substantial friction between the joint and the washer upon tightening or loosening of the fastener. |
换句话说，垫圈的底表面是粗糙的，以便在拧紧或松开紧固件时确保接头和垫圈之间的充分摩擦。 |
| Frictional forces developed between the washer and the joint are substantial and reliably serve to prevent the undesirable rotation of the washer upon loading and during the initial stage of unloading. |
在垫圈和接头之间产生的摩擦力是相当大的并且可靠地用于防止在加载时和在卸载的初始阶段期间垫圈的不希望的旋转。 |
| [0156] |
[0156] |
| Unexpectedly experimentally repeatable performance is not possible if frictionally enhanced surface 7 covers completely or is positioned at or relatively near the central bore of lower surface 3 of washer 1. |
如果摩擦增强表面7完全覆盖垫圈1的下表面3的中心孔或位于该中心孔处或相对靠近该中心孔，则出乎意料的实验可重复性能是不可能的。 |
| Most of the time, this configuration fails and washer 1 turns with nut 36. |
大多数时候，这种结构失效并且垫圈1与螺母36一起转动。 |
| [0157] |
[0157] |
| The Z® Washer concept similarly works with merely an outer ring having friction coefficient increasing treatment means. |
Z ®Washer 的概念类似地仅与具有增加摩擦系数的处理装置的外环一起工作。 |
| It is not necessary to have both smooth inner portion, i.e. inner surface 3A, and a roughened outer portion. |
没有必要既具有光滑的内部，即内表面3A，又具有粗糙的外部。 |
| But the different surface textures of the underside of the washer does assist with frictional biasing on the bottom surface as a whole and between the bottom and the top sides of the washer. |
但是垫圈下侧的不同表面纹理确实有助于在整个底表面上以及在垫圈的底侧和顶侧之间的摩擦偏置。 |
| [0158] |
[0158] |
| This application seeks to define, claim and protect a reaction-type washer with frictional area shifted outward, e.g. a reaction washer friction radius outer biasing with respect to the nut. |
本申请试图限定，主张和保护具有向外移动的摩擦区域的作用型垫圈，例如相对于螺母向外偏置的作用垫圈摩擦半径。 |
| This produces a novel and unobvious shift of the friction surface radius preventing the washer from spinning before the nut. |
这产生了防止垫圈在螺母之前旋转的摩擦表面半径的新颖且不明显的偏移。 |
| Prior art reaction-type washer without frictional biasing tended to spin, especially when used on hard surfaces. |
现有技术的无摩擦偏压的作用型垫圈易于旋转，特别是当用于硬表面时。 |
| They were marginal in performance and worked only in ideal conditions on ideal surfaces. |
它们在性能上是边缘的，并且仅在理想条件下在理想表面上工作。 |
| Spinning reaction-type washers undesirably caused damage to the flange faces, inefficient industrial bolting and system maintenance operations, and economic loss. |
旋转反应型垫圈不希望地导致法兰面损坏，工业螺栓连接和系统维护操作效率低，以及经济损失。 |
| Still washers with outer positioning of friction coefficient increasing treatment means of the present invention maintain unblemished flange faces, increase efficiencies of industrial bolting and system maintenance operations and minimize economic loss. |
本发明的具有增大摩擦系数的处理装置的外部定位的垫圈保持了无瑕疵的凸缘面，提高了工业螺栓连接和系统维护操作的效率并使经济损失最小化。 |
| [0159] |
[0159] |
| Relating back to FIG. 5D, relative washer/fastener radial engagement differentials, namely, that washer 1 outside edge 4 is farther from the center of rotation, or turning force axis A10, than nut 36 outer edge 37, serve as another embodiment friction coefficient increasing treatment means of the present invention. |
回到图5D，相对的垫圈/紧固件径向接合差异，即垫圈1的外边缘4比螺母36的外边缘37更远离旋转中心或旋转力轴线A10，用作本发明的另一实施例的摩擦系数增加处理装置。 |
| Greater washer/flange surface area having longer engagement radius increases facial friction over lesser nut/washer surface area having shorter engagement radius. |
具有较长接合半径的较大垫圈/凸缘表面区域相对于具有较短接合半径的较小螺母/垫圈表面区域增加了面部摩擦。 |
| [0160] |
[0160] |
| Explained another way, in bolting applications of the present invention, friction torque generated by the washer-flange surface area interaction is greater than friction torque generated by the nut-washer surface area interaction. |
换句话说，在本发明的螺栓连接应用中，由垫圈-凸缘表面区域相互作用产生的摩擦扭矩大于由螺母-垫圈表面区域相互作用产生的摩擦扭矩。 |
| The washer remains stationary so that it is possible to attach a holding socket non-rotatably relative to the housing of the tool. |
垫圈保持固定，从而可以相对于工具的壳体不可旋转地连接保持座。 |
| The holding socket is brought into engagement with the outer polygonal edge of the washer while the tightening tool actionably engages with the nut. |
保持座与垫圈的外多边形边缘接合，同时紧固工具与螺母可作用地接合。 |
| Upon tightening the washer is compressed under the nut and the housing of the tool is secured against rotation relative to the washer. |
当拧紧时，垫圈在螺母下被压缩，并且工具的壳体被固定以防止相对于垫圈旋转。 |
| The washer absorbs the reaction moment and reaction force of the tool housing that is opposite to the tightening torque and diverts it into the compressed washer. |
垫圈吸收工具壳体的与紧固扭矩相反的作用力矩和作用力，并将其转向压缩垫圈。 |
| No external reaction means is necessary. |
不需要外部反应装置。 |
| [0161] |
[0161] |
| FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C show varied washer dimensions and widths of friction coefficient increasing treatment means such as knurl bands. |
图7A，7B和7C示出了各种垫圈尺寸和摩擦系数增加处理装置例如滚花带的宽度。 |
| FIG. 7A shows a washer 17A with internal void, or central bore, 57A for use with an M14 bolt, a relatively small size. |
图7A示出了与相对较小尺寸的M14螺栓一起使用的具有内部空隙或中心孔57A的垫圈17A。 |
| Knurl band 77A encompasses a majority of surface area lower bearing face 37A. |
滚花带77A包围下支承面37A的大部分表面积。 |
| Nonetheless lower bearing face 37A has a smooth inner surface 3A7A adjacent void 57A. |
但是下支承面37A具有邻近空隙57A的光滑内表面3A7A。 |
| Indeed smooth inner surface 3A7A is formed between void 57A, which accepts fastener 20, and knurl band 77A. |
实际上，光滑的内表面3A7A形成在接纳紧固件20的空隙57A和滚花带77A之间。 |
| Washer 17A has an inner radius, rin7A, an outer radius, rout7A, an inner knurl radius, rinK7A, an outer knurl radius, routK7A, and a lobe radius, rL7A. |
垫圈17A具有内半径rin7A，外半径rout7A，内滚花半径rinK7A，外滚花半径routK7A和凸角半径rL7A。 |
| Similar dimensions are applicable to but not shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C. |
类似的尺寸适用于图7B和7C，但在图7B和7C中未示出。 |
| [0162] |
[0162] |
| Recall that HYTORC WASHERs™ and HYTORC SMARTWASHERs™ added unnecessary height to bolting applications. |
HYTORCWASHERsTM 和HYTORCSMARTWASHERsTM 为螺栓连接应用增加了不必要的高度。 |
| Thicknesses of Z® Washers of the present invention are typically small compared to their outer diameters. |
本发明的Z ®洗涤器的厚度通常比其外径小。 |
| For example, the average ratio of the thickness H1W to the outer diameter D1A of the washers disclosed in the drawings is about 0.08 and may range from 0.04 to 0.12. |
例如，附图中公开的垫圈的厚度H1W与外径D1A的平均比率为约0.08，并且可以在0.04至0.12的范围内。 |
| Other ratios describe Z® Washers of the present invention, including: the average ratio of height H1W of the washer to the height H36N of the nut is about 0.170 and may range from 0.10 to 0.30; |
其它比率描述了本发明的Z ®洗涤器，包括：垫圈的高度H1W与螺母的高度H36N的平均比率为约0.170，并且可以在0.10至0.30的范围内； |
| the average ratio of the diameter D1A of the washer and diameter D36 of the nut is about 1.10 and may range from 0.80 to 1.40. |
垫圈的直径D1A与螺母的直径D36的平均比率为约1.10，并且可以在0.80至1.40的范围内。 |
| These ratios are provided merely for descriptive purposes, |
这些比率仅用于描述目的， |
| [0163] |
[0163] |
| Note the difficulty in quantifying meaningful characteristics of the Z® System frictional biasing. |
注意量化Z ®系统摩擦偏置的有意义特性的困难。 |
| For example, relative surface areas of washers and nuts (or bolt heads) minimally effect friction biasing outcomes with the Z® System. |
例如，垫圈和螺母（或螺栓头）的相对表面积最小地影响Z ®系统的摩擦偏置结果。 |
| Indeed relatively small threaded fasteners may have vastly different ratios than relatively large threaded fasteners. |
实际上，相对小的螺纹紧固件可以具有与相对大的螺纹紧固件大不相同的比率。 |
| [0164] |
[0164] |
| The most informative data involves calculation of the effective friction radius of the washer and the threaded fastener. |
最具信息性的数据包括计算垫圈和螺纹紧固件的有效摩擦半径。 |
| Z® Washers work so reliably because friction coefficient increasing treatments are selectively biased away from the central bore and towards outer edge. |
Z ®Washers 工作如此可靠，因为增加摩擦系数的处理被选择性地偏离中心孔并朝向外边缘。 |
| The effective friction radius of the washer is greater than the effective friction radius of the threaded fastener. |
垫圈的有效摩擦半径大于螺纹紧固件的有效摩擦半径。 |
| For example, the effective friction radius of a washer having a radial band of friction coefficient increasing treatments on its bottom side is the center of that band. |
例如，在其底侧具有摩擦系数增加处理的径向带的垫圈的有效摩擦半径是该带的中心。 |
| Note that this discussion correctly assumes the ideal case where bolt load is distributed uniformly under the nut or bolt head due to the use of the Z® Washer. |
注意，该讨论正确地假设了螺栓载荷由于使用Z ®Washer 而在螺母或螺栓头下均匀分布的理想情况。 |
| [0165] |
[0165] |
| Note that friction enhancements may not be necessary in many applications, although they ensure that the washer stays still on all applications, regardless of: relative washer/fastener surface areas or engagement radii; |
注意，在许多应用中可能不需要摩擦增强，尽管它们确保垫圈在所有应用中保持静止，而不管相对垫圈/紧固件表面积或接合半径如何； |
| relative fastener/joint material hardness; |
相对紧固件/接头材料硬度； |
| and relative fastener/joint surface treatments like lubricants (molycoat, etc.) or coatings (paint, etc.). |
以及相关的紧固件/接头表面处理，如润滑剂（钼涂层等）或涂层（油漆等）。 |
| The friction enhancements become impactful at the beginning of a tightening process where very little or no load is present on the stud and/or nut. |
在螺栓和/或螺母上存在非常小的载荷或没有载荷的紧固过程开始时，摩擦增强变得有影响。 |
| This friction bias initiates washer hold every time. |
该摩擦偏置每次启动垫圈保持。 |
| [0166] |
[0166] |
| Alternatively friction coefficient increasing treatment means includes roughenings, polygonal surfaces, splines, knurls, spikes, grooves, slots, protruding points, scoring or other such projections. |
或者，增加摩擦系数的处理方法包括粗糙化，多边形表面，花键，滚花，长钉，凹槽，狭槽，突出点，刻痕或其它此类凸起。 |
| Other options include pressed fit projections, concentric or spiral rings, radial riffs or teeth, waffle patterns, etc. |
其它选择包括压配合突起，同心或螺旋环，径向条纹或齿，华夫饼干图案等。 |
| Any operation that will force the outer surface areas to have more aggressive interaction with the flange surface such as selectively knurling, sanding, blasting, milling, machining, forging, casting, forming, shaping, roughing, stamping, engraving, punching bending or even just relieving internal areas is sufficient. |
迫使外表面区域与凸缘表面具有更积极的相互作用的任何操作都是足够的，所述操作例如是选择性地滚花，砂磨，喷砂，铣削，机加工，锻造，铸造，成形，成形，粗加工，冲压，雕刻，冲压弯曲或者甚至仅仅是消除内部区域。 |
| Note that combinations of such friction coefficient increasing treatment means may be utilized. |
注意，可以使用这种增加摩擦系数的处理装置的组合。 |
| If the washer 1-outer reaction socket 17 engagement is slightly larger than the nut 36-inner drive socket 16 engagement, friction coefficient increasing treatment means either: may not be needed; |
如果垫圈1-外作用座17的接合略大于螺母36-内驱动座16的接合，则摩擦系数增加处理装置也可以不需要； |
| may be positioned anywhere about the washer bottom surface; |
可以位于垫圈底面附近的任何位置； |
| or may be positioned substantially beyond an effective friction radius of the nut or the bolt head about the washer bottom surface. |
或者可以定位成基本上超过螺母或螺栓头绕垫圈底面的有效摩擦半径。 |
| To attain the inventive properties it is, sufficient that the washer bottom side be even. |
为了获得本发明的特性，垫圈底侧是平坦的就足够了。 |
| The opposing frictional surface, however, may also be tapered outwardly, whereby the outer edge of the frictional ring is thicker than the inner edge. |
然而，相对的摩擦表面也可以向外逐渐变细，由此摩擦环的外边缘比内边缘厚。 |
| However, if required, the washer and therefore its bottom side can also have a curvature. |
然而，如果需要，垫圈及其底侧也可以具有曲率。 |
| Particularly good results are obtained with a convex curve towards the joint. |
利用朝向接头的凸曲线获得特别好的结果。 |
| This is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,462,007, having Issue Date of 9 Dec. 2008, entitled “Reactive Biasing Fasteners”, an entire copy of which is incorporated herein by reference. |
这在美国专利No.7，462，007中公开，该专利的发布日期为2008年12月9日，名称为“反应性偏置紧固件”，其整个副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| Note, however, that washers of the current invention impart no axial biasing force to the elongated bolt. |
然而，要注意的是，本发明的垫圈不向长螺栓施加轴向偏压力。 |
| [0167] |
[0167] |
| Generally reaction washers of the present invention for industrial bolting include: an external shape that allows rotational coupling with a torque application device; |
通常，用于工业螺栓连接的本发明的作用垫圈包括：允许与扭矩施加装置旋转联接的外部形状； |
| and an underside bearing friction surface area that is discontinuous and selectively biased in areas outward from the center bore. |
以及下侧轴承摩擦表面区域，所述下侧轴承摩擦表面区域是不连续的并且在从所述中心孔向外的区域中被选择性地偏压。 |
| These surface friction features are selectively created on the washer's underside and excluding any portion of area near the radius of the center bore. |
这些表面摩擦特征选择性地形成在垫圈的下侧上，并且排除了靠近中心孔的半径的区域的任何部分。 |
| These surface friction features may be created through knurling, sanding, blasting, milling, machining, forging, casting, forming, shaping, roughing, stamping, engraving, punching or bending. |
这些表面摩擦特征可以通过滚花，砂磨，喷砂，铣削，机加工，锻造，铸造，成形，成形，粗加工，冲压，雕刻，冲孔或弯曲来产生。 |
| Surface friction features may be created by merely relieving material near the reaction washer bore. |
表面摩擦特征可通过仅释放反应缸孔附近的材料而产生。 |
| Surface friction features also may be either: created with discontinuous surfaces and/or textures featured in an area or areas outward from the bore; |
表面摩擦特征也可以是：形成有不连续的表面和/或纹理，其特征在于从孔向外的一个或多个区域中； |
| and/or positioned singularly, randomly or in any array arrangement. |
和/或单个地，随机地或以任何阵列布置定位。 |
| [0168] |
[0168] |
| Alternative Z® Washer Geometries. |
替代Z ®的几何学。 |
| FIGS. 8A through 8L show alternative shapes for washer 1. |
图8A至8L示出了垫圈1的可选形状。 |
| Washers of the present invention may have an outer edge (and corresponding engaging means) shaped with any suitable geometry to non-rotatably engage with the outer socket inner edge (and its corresponding engaging means) shaped with a corresponding suitable or substantially identical geometry. |
本发明的垫圈可具有外边缘（和相应的接合装置），其形状为任何合适的几何形状，以不可旋转地与外插座内边缘（和其相应的接合装置）接合，外插座内边缘的形状为相应的合适的或基本上相同的几何形状。 |
| Z® Washer l′s standard commercial shape is a “flower pattern” washer including concave portions extending inwardly and convex portions extending outwardly which are alternately and repeatedly provided in a radial direction around an imaginary reference circle that is centered at a central point of the washer. |
Z ®Washer1′标准商业形状是“花形”垫圈，其包括向内延伸的凹面部分和向外延伸的凸面部分，所述凹面部分和凸面部分围绕以垫圈中心点为中心的假想参考圆在径向上交替和重复地设置。 |
| FIGS. 8B, 8E, 8G, 8H and 8I are clear derivations of such flower shaped washers. |
图8B，8E，8G，8H和8I是这种花形垫圈的清楚衍生。 |
| Note that FIG. 8K shows a multi-sided shape engagement and FIG. 8J shows spline engagement, both of which may be considered flower shaped with increasing numbers of engagement teeth. |
注意，图8K示出了多边形状的接合，而图8J示出了花键接合，两者都可以被认为是具有增加的接合齿数量的花朵形状。 |
| [0169] |
[0169] |
| Other suitable geometries include shapes such as triangle, curvilinear triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezoid, trapezium, kite, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, nonagon, decagon, circle with outer projections, ellipse or oval. |
其它合适的几何形状包括例如三角形，曲线三角形，正方形，矩形，平行四边形，菱形，梯形，梯形，风筝形，五边形，六边形，七边形，八边形，九边形，十边形，具有外部投影的圆形，椭圆形或卵形。 |
| Note that outside edges of any suitable shape may be curved, rather than angular, to facilitate easy engagement with nockets of the present invention. |
注意，任何合适形状的外边缘可以是弯曲的，而不是成角度的，以便于与本发明的火箭的接合。 |
| [0170] |
[0170] |
| FIGS. 8D1, 8D2 and 8D3 show the embodiment of FIG. 8D, Z® Washer 18D for use with various power tools. |
图8D1，8D2和8D3示出了图8D的实施例，Z ®洗涤器18D用于各种动力工具。 |
| Perspective views of the top and bottom faces and a side, cross-sectional view of washer 18D, respectively, are shown. |
分别示出了垫圈18D的顶面和底面的透视图以及侧面剖视图。 |
| Generally washer 18D has an annular hexagonal shape having similar dimensions and characteristics as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C, except with an “8D” subscript. |
通常垫圈18D具有环形六边形形状，其具有与图1A，1B和1C所示相似的尺寸和特征，除了下标“8D”。 |
| Washer 18D's hexagonal shape includes radially extending side corners 68A which forms a hex-like shape. |
垫圈18D的六边形包括形成六边形的径向延伸的侧角68A。 |
| Generally a top bearing face 28D is smooth with lower surface friction and a bottom bearing face 38D has frictional enhancements, or bottom corners, 78D with higher surface friction. |
通常，顶部支承面28D是光滑的，具有较低的表面摩擦，而底部支承面38D具有摩擦增强，或者底部拐角78D具有较高的表面摩擦。 |
| Note that lubricants may be used on top bearing face 28D to lower surface friction between it and threaded nut 36, or any other such threaded fastener. |
注意，润滑剂可以用在顶部支承面28D上，以降低其与螺母36或任何其它这种螺纹紧固件之间的表面摩擦。 |
| Radial bottom corners 78D increase the surface friction of bottom bearing face 38D. |
径向底角78D增加了底部支承面38D的表面摩擦。 |
| Side corners 68D while not shown, may include angled bevel faces 88D formed between top bearing face 28D and a side bearing face 48D. |
侧角68D（未示出）可包括形成在顶支承面28D和侧支承面48D之间的倾斜斜面88D。 |
| Such bevel faces 88D may make up outer edge portion which includes tapered surfaces and engaging teeth, the tapered surfaces being gradually inclined outwardly and toward bottom bearing face 38D and side bearing face 48D. |
这样的斜面88D可以构成包括锥形表面和啮合齿的外边缘部分，锥形表面逐渐向外倾斜并朝向底部支承面38D和侧部支承面48D。 |
| [0171] |
[0171] |
| Washer 18D has, inter alia, annular radius RBA, a lobe radius RBL, a knurl radius R8K and a void radius R8V. |
垫圈18D尤其具有环形半径RBA ，凸角半径RBL ，滚花半径R8K和空隙半径R8V。 |
| Washer 18D has a height H8, a first bevel height H8Bi, a second bevel height H8Bii, a knurl height H8K and a bevel angle °8. |
垫圈18D具有高度H8，第一斜面高度H8Bi，第二斜面高度H8Bi1，滚花高度H8K和斜角θ8。 |
| Such bevel faces 88A may assist washer 18A in clearing a corner radius of a flange and other clearance issues. |
这种斜面88A可以帮助垫圈18A清除凸缘的拐角半径和其它间隙问题。 |
| Further bevel faces 8 assist the outer reaction socket in engaging and rotatably coupling with washer 1. |
另外的斜面8帮助外作用插座与垫圈1接合并可旋转地连接。 |
| Bevel faces 8 may also accept modifications to outer reaction socket 17 to allow for inverted bolting applications. |
斜面8还可以接受对外部作用插座17的修改，以允许反向螺栓连接应用。 |
| [0172] |
[0172] |
| Alternative Placement of Z® Washer Friction Coefficient Increasing Treatment Means. |
Z 型®洗涤器增摩处理方法的改进。 |
| FIGS. 8D4-8D10 show washer 18D with various iterations of frictionally biased faces with relatively higher friction against the flange surface and relatively lower friction against the nut. |
图8D4-8D10示出了垫圈18D，其具有各种重复的摩擦偏置面，相对于凸缘表面具有相对较高的摩擦，相对于螺母具有相对较低的摩擦。 |
| In other words, washer 18D is shown with various types, sizes and locations of friction coefficient increasing treatment means. |
换句话说，所示垫圈18D具有各种类型，尺寸和位置的摩擦系数增加处理装置。 |
| Note that these variations are shown with washer 18D but apply to all reaction washers disclosed in the present invention. |
注意，这些变化以垫圈18D示出，但适用于本发明公开的所有反应垫圈。 |
| FIG. 8D4 is shown with no frictional enhancements, just a smooth bottom side. |
图8D4示出了没有摩擦增强，只是平滑的底侧。 |
| FIG. 8D5 is shown with frictional enhancements that are formed recessed within the washer's bottom face by removing material proximate to the central bore. |
图8D5示出了通过去除靠近中心孔的材料而凹入地形成在垫圈底面内的摩擦增强。 |
| FIG. 8D6 shows a relatively thin band of frictional enhancements formed at an outer edge portion of the bottom face. |
图8D6示出了在底面的外边缘部分形成的相对薄的摩擦增强带。 |
| FIG. 8D7 shows a relatively thick band of frictional enhancements formed equidistant from an inner edge and outer edge portion of the bottom face. |
图8D7示出了与底面的内边缘和外边缘部分等距形成的相对较厚的摩擦增强带。 |
| FIG. 8D8 shows a relatively thin band having width of 1× of frictional enhancements formed a distance 1× from outer edge and 2× from inner edge of the bottom face. |
图8D8示出了相对较薄的带，其具有形成在离底面的外边缘1×和离底面的内边缘2×的距离处的1×摩擦增强的宽度。 |
| FIG. 8D9 shows friction enhancement means, in this case a downwardly sloping ring having sharp edges formed at outer edge of the bottom face. |
图8D9示出了摩擦增强装置，在这种情况下，该摩擦增强装置是具有形成在底面的外边缘处的尖锐边缘的向下倾斜的环。 |
| Washer 18D5, while shown curved, imparts no axial biasing force to the elongated bolt. |
垫圈18D5，虽然显示为弯曲的，但不向长螺栓施加轴向偏压力。 |
| Alternatively Washer 18D5 may have no variations in height except at the sharp edges. |
可替换地，垫圈18D除了在尖锐边缘处之外在高度上可以没有变化。 |
| [0173] |
[0173] |
| As shown in FIG. 8D10, washers of the present invention may also be provided with configurations for positive locking engagement with the outer reaction socket. |
如图8D10所示，本发明的垫圈还可设置有用于与外部作用插座可靠锁定接合的结构。 |
| Such positive locking engagements are indentions formed in the outer edge of washer 18D. |
这种强制锁定接合是形成在垫圈18D的外边缘中的凹痕。 |
| The outer reaction socket would include corresponding engagement means to allow for hands-free operation, and once the nut is seated, hands-free operation on an inverted bolting application. |
外作用插座将包括相应的接合装置，以允许不用手操作，并且一旦螺母就位，在倒置的螺栓连接应用中不用手操作。 |
| [0174] |
[0174] |
| Disclosures of reaction-style washers for industrial bolting having friction surfaces of the prior art discuss neither the importance of location nor the extent of coverage of such friction surfaces. |
现有技术的具有摩擦表面的用于工业螺栓连接的作用型垫圈的公开内容既没有讨论位置的重要性，也没有讨论这种摩擦表面的覆盖程度。 |
| Applicant discovered that friction coefficient increasing treatment means located at either inner washer radii near the bolt or about the entire underside of the washer tends towards washer movement, or rotation with the nut. |
申请人发现，位于螺栓附近的内垫圈半径处或垫圈的整个下侧附近的摩擦系数增加处理装置趋向于垫圈移动或与螺母一起旋转。 |
| These strategies were marginally successful occasionally yielding still washers. |
这些策略在一定程度上是成功的，有时还会产生洗涤器。 |
| In other words, more friction treatments over larger, entire and/or interior portions of the underside of washers are substantially less effective than friction treatments over smaller and/or exterior portions. |
换句话说，在垫圈下侧的较大部分，整个部分和/或内部部分上的更多摩擦处理比在较小部分和/或外部部分上的摩擦处理的效率低得多。 |
| [0175] |
[0175] |
| Alternative Fastener and Z® Socket Types for Use with Z® Washer. |
与Z ®垫圈一起使用的可选紧固件和Z ®插座类型。 |
| FIG. 9A shows washer 18D for use with a bolt having a bolt head 20A threaded in a blind hole and HYTORC® dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly 15. |
图9A示出了与螺栓一起使用的垫圈18D，该螺栓具有拧入盲孔中的螺栓头20A和HYTORC ®双驱动同轴作用和作用插座组件15。 |
| FIG. 9B shows washer 18D for use with a socket head cap screw 20B threaded in a blind hole and a modified HYTORC® dual drive coaxial action and reaction socket assembly 15C. |
图9B示出了垫圈18D，该垫圈18D与拧入盲孔中的插座头帽螺钉20B和改进的HYTORC ®双驱动同轴作用和作用插座组件15C一起使用。 |
| Various fastener geometries may be used with tools, parts and accessories of the Z® System with corresponding design changes, such as shown in FIG. 9B. |
各种紧固件几何形状可以与具有相应设计变化的Z ®系统的工具，部件和附件一起使用，如图9B所示。 |
| Modified socket assembly 15C includes a male fastener drive engagement means 16C rather than action socket 16. |
改进的插座组件15C包括插入式紧固件驱动接合装置16C而不是作用插座16。 |
| [0176] |
[0176] |
| Reduced Z® Washer Surface Area. |
减小的Z ®洗涤器表面积。 |
| FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 5D except that an outer edge 410A of a pressurized washer 110A″ curtails from outer edge 37 of tightened nut 36″. |
图10类似于图5D，除了加压垫圈110A的外边缘410A′′从拧紧的螺母36的外边缘37′′。 |
| Notably reaction torque force 9210A acting in another direction 94 received by washer outer edge 410A may be less than action torque force 91 acting in one direction 93 received by nut 36. |
值得注意的是，由垫圈外边缘410A接收的作用在另一方向94上的反扭力9210A可以小于由螺母36接收的作用在一个方向93上的作用扭力91。 |
| Pressurized washer 110A″ absorbs reaction torque force 9210A of tool 10B such that tool 10B applies action torque 91 to seated nut 36′ and may apply less reaction force 9210A to washer outer edge 410A. |
加压垫圈110A′′吸收工具10B的反扭力9210A，使得工具10B将作用扭矩91施加到坐落的螺母36′，并且可以将较小的作用力9210A施加到垫圈外边缘410A。 |
| Aggressive friction enhancements 710A are necessary to prevent washer 110A from turning with nut 36. |
为了防止垫圈110A与螺母36一起转动，必须有积极的摩擦增强装置710A。 |
| Seated nut 36′ turns but compressed washer 110A′ stands still. |
固定螺母36′转动但压缩垫圈110A′静止不动。 |
| This relative positioning, namely, that friction enhancement 710A and therefore an effective friction radius of washer 110A is farther from the center of rotation, or turning force axis A10, than an effective friction radius of nut 36, is one innovative aspect of the present invention. |
这种相对定位，即，摩擦增强710A因此垫圈110A的有效摩擦半径比螺母36的有效摩擦半径更远离旋转中心或旋转力轴线A10，是本发明的一个创新方面。 |
| Reaction force 9210A acts through outer socket 17A a distance R10A or so away from turning force axis A10 which tends to hold washer 110A still. |
作用力9210A通过外套筒17A作用在距离旋转力轴线A10大约R10A处，该旋转力轴线A10趋于保持垫圈110A静止。 |
| As a result of the differential in effective friction radii, washer 110A remains stationary on joint 30 rather than rotate with nut 36 as fastener 20 is tightened or loosened. |
由于有效摩擦半径的差异，当紧固件20被拧紧或松开时，垫圈110A保持固定在接头30上，而不是与螺母36一起旋转。 |
| Note that bottom face 54 of inner socket 16 rotates on and/or over an upper face 64A of a lower inner edge 65A of outer socket 17A. |
注意，内插座16的底面54在外插座17A的下内边缘65A的上表面64A上和/或上方旋转。 |
| In this case inner socket 16 and outer socket 17A may experience additional facial friction due to a larger surface area of upper face 64A. |
在这种情况下，由于上表面64A的较大表面面积，内承窝16和外承窝17A经受额外的面部摩擦。 |
| [0177] |
[0177] |
| In other words washers having outer edges which either co-terminate with or curtail from an outer edge of the nut or the bolt head can be used with the HYTORC® Z® System. |
换句话说，具有外边缘的垫圈可与HYTORC ®Z ®系统一起使用，所述外边缘与螺母或螺栓头的外边缘共同终止或缩短。 |
| In such cases it is necessary for the bottom surface of the washer to be formed with aggressive friction coefficient increasing treatment means to ensure that the effective friction radius of the washer is greater than an effective friction radius of the nut or the bolt head. |
在这种情况下，垫圈的底面必须形成有增大摩擦系数的强力处理装置，以确保垫圈的有效摩擦半径大于螺母或螺栓头的有效摩擦半径。 |
| Successful outcomes are likely with aggressive friction enhancements even if the reaction force received by the washer outer edge is substantially equal to or less than the action torque received by a nut or a bolt head outer edge. |
即使由垫圈外边缘所接收的作用力基本上等于或小于由螺母或螺栓头外边缘所接收的作用扭矩，成功的结果也可能具有剧烈的摩擦增强。 |
| In these situations such aggressive friction enhancements may include roughenings, polygonal surfaces, splines, knurls, spikes, grooves, slots, protruding points, or other such projections. |
在这些情况下，这种剧烈的摩擦增强可包括粗糙化，多边形表面，花键，滚花，长钉，凹槽，狭槽，突出点或其它这种突起。 |
| [0178] |
[0178] |
| Offsetting the aggressive friction coefficient increasing treatment means beyond R20 remains an important feature in this case. |
在这种情况下，使急剧摩擦系数增加处理装置偏移超过R20仍然是一个重要特征。 |
| Note that modified outer socket 17A requires a sophisticated design to engage and rotatably couple with washer 1. |
注意，改进的外套筒17A需要复杂的设计来与垫圈1接合并可旋转地连接。 |
| Note also that modified outer socket 17A may allow for inverted bolting applications. |
还要注意，改进的外套筒17A可以允许倒置的螺栓连接应用。 |
| [0179] |
[0179] |
| Alternative Z® Socket Sizes. |
替代Z ®袋尺寸。 |
| FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show various reaction socket sizes, including outer socket 1711A having straight walls and outer sockets 1711B and 1711C having tapered walls. |
图11A，11B和11C示出了各种反应插口尺寸，包括具有直壁的外插口1711A和具有锥形壁的外插口1711B和1711C。 |
| These variations allow for threaded fasteners and HYTORC® Z® Washers of different sizes to be used with the same Z® Gun. |
这些变化允许不同尺寸的螺纹紧固件和HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器与相同的Z ®枪一起使用。 |
| Other configurations may be used as needed. |
可以根据需要使用其它配置。 |
| [0180] |
[0180] |
| Z® System Applied to HYTORC® Torque Tools. |
Z ®系统在HYTORC ®扭矩工具中的应用。 |
| HYTORC® has developed spline adapters and reaction plates for adapting the Z® System to its array of electrically, hydraulically and pneumatically operated torque power tool models for regular clearance, low clearance and offset link bolting applications. |
HYTORC ®已经开发了样条适配器和反应板，用于使Z ®系统适应于其电动，液压和气动操作的扭矩动力工具模型的阵列，用于规则间隙，低间隙和偏置连杆螺栓连接应用。 |
| FIG. 12A shows socket coupling means, or spline adapters, 18 and 18A, as discussed with respect to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D. |
图12A示出了插座连接装置或花键适配器18和18A，如关于图5A，5B，5C和5D所讨论的。 |
| Spline adapter 18A is designed for use with HYTORC® pneumatic and electric torque guns, such as e Gun 10A (and 10B), as shown again in FIG. 12B. |
花键适配器18A设计成用于HYTORC ®气动和电动扭矩枪，例如图12B所示的枪10A（和10B）。 |
| It is shaped as an annular ring having splined engagements on its inner and outer sides. |
它成形为在其内侧和外侧上具有花键接合的环形圈。 |
| Inner drive socket 16 and outer reaction socket 17 of dual drive socket 15 are cooperatively coupled together and relatively rotatable in opposite directions in LSHT mode through the tool housing and/or other known and/or proprietary means via socket coupling means 18A. |
双传动套节15的内传动套节16和外作用套节17通过工具壳体和/或其它已知和/或专有装置经由套节联接装置18A以LSHT 模式协作地联接在一起并可沿相反方向相对旋转。 |
| [0181] |
[0181] |
| As shown in FIG. 12C, spline adapter 18 is designed for use with Applicant's hydraulic torque tools, such as the HYTORC® ICE® 10C and the HYTORC® AVANTI® 10D and other such tools. |
如图12C所示，花键适配器18设计成与本申请人的液压扭矩工具一起使用，例如HYTORC ®ICE ®10C和HYTORC ®AVANTI ®10D以及其它这样的工具。 |
| It is shaped as a stepped annular ring with an upper portion and a lower portion fused together having different radius. |
其形状为具有熔合在一起的具有不同半径的上部和下部的阶梯状环形圈。 |
| The upper ring has a shorter radius and interior splined engagements to nonrotatably engage with splined reaction support portions 19A and 19B of tools 10C and 10D. |
上环具有较短的半径和内部花键接合，以不可旋转地与工具10C和10D的花键作用支撑部分19A和19B接合。 |
| The lower ring has a longer radius and exterior splined engagements to nonrotatably engage with splined portions on outer reaction socket 16. |
下环具有较长的半径和外部花键接合，以不可旋转地与外作用插座16上的花键部分接合。 |
| Inner drive socket 16 and outer reaction socket 17 of dual drive socket 15A are cooperatively coupled together and relatively rotatable in opposite directions through the tool housings and/or other known and/or proprietary means via socket coupling means 18. |
双传动套节15A的内传动套节16和外作用套节17通过工具外壳和/或其它已知的和/或专有的装置经由套节联接装置18协作地联接在一起沿相反方向相对旋转。 |
| [0182] |
[0182] |
| FIGS. 13A and 13B show a Z® Reaction Pad 17B for use with the HYTORC® STEALTH® 10E designed mainly for low clearance bolting applications. |
图13A和13B显示了与主要设计用于低间隙栓接应用的HYTORC ®STEALTH ®10E一起使用的Z ®反应垫17B。 |
| Reaction pad 17B is shaped to fit the dimensions of STEALTH® 10E and non-rotatably attaches to the tool housing via pins or screws. |
反应垫17B成形为适合STEALTH ®10E的尺寸，并且通过销或螺钉不可旋转地连接到工具壳体。 |
| Z® Reaction Pad 17B non-rotatably engages with Z® Washer 1. |
Z ®反应垫17B与Z ®洗涤器1接合。 |
| [0183] |
[0183] |
| Z® System Applied to HYTORC® Offset Link. |
应用于HYTORC ®偏置环节的Z ®系统。 |
| Z® System benefits are achievable with proprietary dual drive interchangeable offset links, such as, for example, apparatus 80. |
Z ®系统的优点可通过专有的双驱动可互换偏置链路，例如装置80来实现。 |
| Link 80 is powered by HYTORC® ‘s proprietary coaxial action and reaction torque tools, such as, for example, HYTORC® ICE® 10C hydraulic torque tool or the HYTORC® Z® Gun 10B (or 10A) pneumatic torque multiplier. |
链路80由HYTORC ®的专有同轴作用和作用扭矩工具提供动力，例如HYTORC ®ICE ®10C液压扭矩工具或HYTORC ®Z ®Gun10B（或10A）气动扭矩倍增器。 |
| Other such tools include HYTORC®s proprietary jGUN® Single Speed, jGUN® Dual Speed Plus, AVANTI® 10D and/or STEALTH® 10E. |
其它这类工具包括HYTORC ®专有的jGUN ®单速，jGUN ®双速加，AVANTI ®10D和/或STEALTH ®10E。 |
| Such proprietary dual drive interchangeable offset links are disclosed thoroughly in the following commonly owned and co-pending patent applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Patent Cooperation Treaty Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/035375, having Filing Date of 24 Apr. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”; |
这种专有的双驱动可互换偏置连杆在以下共同拥有和共同未决的专利申请中充分公开，该专利申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：PCT申请No.PCT/US2014/035375，申请日为2014年4月24日，标题为“APPARATUSFOR TIGHTENING THREADEDFASTENERS ”； |
| and U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/940,919, having Filing Date of 18 Feb. 2014, entitled “APPARATUS FOR TIGHTENING THREADED FASTENERS”. |
和序列号为61/940，919的美国申请，其申请日为2014年2月18日，名称为“用于压平三个FASTENERS 的装置”。 |
| [0184] |
[0184] |
| FIGS. 14A and 14B show top and a bottom perspective views of offset drive link assembly 80, for transmission and multiplication of torque from HYTORC® ICE® 10C for tightening or loosening a threaded fastener (not shown) over Z® Washer 1. |
图14A和14B示出了偏置传动杆组件80的顶部和底部透视图，该偏置传动杆组件80用于传递和倍增来自HYTORC ®ICE ®10C的扭矩，该HYTORC ®ICE ®10C用于拧紧或松开Z ®洗涤器1上的螺纹紧固件（未示出）。 |
| Link 80 includes: a drive force input assembly 81; |
连杆80包括：驱动力输入组件81； |
| a drive force output assembly 82; |
驱动力输出组件82； |
| and a reaction force assembly 83. |
作用力组件83。 |
| [0185] |
[0185] |
| Generally during a tightening operation, a bottom knurled face of Z® Washer 1 rests on a joint to be closed while a bottom face of a nut or bolt head to be tightened rests on a top smooth face of Z® Washer 1. |
通常在紧固操作期间，Z ®洗涤器1的底部滚花面搁置在待闭合的接头上，而待紧固的螺母或螺栓头的底面搁置在Z ®洗涤器1的顶部光滑面上。 |
| Outer edges of Z® Washer 1 nonrotatably engage with and react in a recess of an outer reaction socket of reaction force assembly 83. |
Z ®洗涤器1的外边缘不可旋转地与作用力组件83的外作用座的凹部接合并在其中作用。 |
| Meanwhile an inner socket of drive force output assembly 82 tightens the nut or bolt head over Z® Washer 1. |
同时，驱动力输出组件82的内套筒紧固Z ®洗涤器1上的螺母或螺栓头。 |
| [0186] |
[0186] |
| Advantageously the offset drive link assembly: allows access to previously unreachable fasteners due to, for example protruding threads, limited clearances and obstructions; |
有利地，偏置传动杆组件：允许接近先前由于例如突出的螺纹，有限的间隙和障碍而无法到达的紧固件； |
| makes practical previously unusable devices driven either electrically, hydraulically, manually and/or pneumatically; |
使先前实用的不可用设备电动地，液压地，手动地和/或气动地驱动； |
| makes feasible previously unusable advanced materials, such as, for example aircraft-grade aluminum; |
制造可行的以前不可用的先进材料，例如飞机级铝； |
| creates modular components, such as, for example hex-reducing and -increasing drive bushings, male to female drive adaptors, to meet bolting application characteristics; |
创建模块化部件，例如，六角减小和六角增加的驱动套管，公到母驱动适配器，以满足螺栓连接应用特性； |
| yields accurate and customizable torque multiplication; |
产生精确且可定制的扭矩倍增； |
| tames drive force and reaction force application; |
施加驱动力和作用力； |
| overcomes corrosion, thread and facial deformation; |
克服腐蚀，螺纹及面变形； |
| avoids bolt thread galling; |
避免螺栓螺纹磨损； |
| nullifies side load; |
取消侧面负载； |
| ensures balanced bolt load for symmetrical joint compression; |
保证对称节点受压时螺栓载荷平衡； |
| simplifies link and tool use; |
简化链接和工具使用； |
| minimizes risk of operator error; |
最小化操作员错误的风险； |
| and maximizes bolting safety. |
使螺栓连接的安全性最大化。 |
| [0187] |
[0187] |
| The HYTORC® Z® System Used with a HYTORC® Dual Faced Friction Washer. |
与HYTORC ®双面摩擦垫圈一起使用的HYTORC ®Z ®系统。 |
| Per FIGS. 15A-15G, it may be necessary to keep the back nut (not shown) or bolt head from turning depending on relative friction conditions in play during use of the HYTORC® Z® System. |
根据图15A-15G，在HYTORC ®Z ®系统的使用过程中，可能有必要根据运行中的相对摩擦条件防止支承螺母（未示出）或螺栓头转动。 |
| If necessary the operator inserts a HYTORC® proprietary dual faced friction washer 85 under the back nut or bolt head 22. |
如果需要，操作者将HYTORC ®专用双面摩擦垫圈85插入到支承螺母或螺栓头22下面。 |
| Its two friction enhanced faces 86 and 87 keep bolt head 22 from turning, especially as soon as load begins to be applied to bolt 24. |
它的两个摩擦增强面86和87防止螺栓头22转动，尤其是一旦载荷开始施加到螺栓24时。 |
| Generally friction discussions related to Z® Washer 1 apply to friction enhanced faces 86 and 87. |
通常涉及Z ®洗涤器1的摩擦讨论适用于摩擦增强表面86和87。 |
| Similar benefits are achieved, as discussed with lower bearing face 3 of Z® Washer 1, by strategic placement of the friction enhancements on faces 86 and 87. |
如Z ®洗涤器1的下支承面3所讨论的，通过在面86和87上策略性地设置摩擦增强件，实现了类似的益处。 |
| [0188] |
[0188] |
| In other words, a HYTORC® proprietary washer system, or dual counter-torque washer system, includes a first washer having external reaction force engagement means and one friction face for use under a nut or bolt head to be tightened or loosened (such as Z® Washer 1), and a second washer having two friction faces for use under a nut or bolt head on the other side of the joint (such as dual faced friction washer 85). |
换句话说，HYTORC ®专用垫圈系统，或双反扭矩垫圈系统，包括具有外部作用力接合装置和一个摩擦面的第一垫圈，用于在待拧紧或松开的螺母或螺栓头下使用（例如Z ®洗涤器1），和具有两个摩擦面的第二垫圈，用于在接头另一侧的螺母或螺栓头下使用（例如双面摩擦垫圈85）。 |
| This dual counter-torque washer system stops the stud or bolt from turning along, so as to control the thread and facial friction of the fastener to achieve a better translation from torque to bolt load. |
该双反向扭矩垫圈系统阻止柱螺栓或螺栓向前转动，从而控制紧固件的螺纹和表面摩擦，以实现从扭矩到螺栓载荷的更好的传递。 |
| Further, use of dual faced friction washer 85 eliminates the need for a backup wrench. |
此外，双面摩擦垫圈85的使用消除了对备用扳手的需要。 |
| Note that any friction coefficient increasing treatments discussed with respect to the HYTORC® Z® Washer is applicable to HYTORC® Dual Faced Friction Washer 85. |
注意，关于HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器讨论的任何增加摩擦系数的处理适用于HYTORC ®双面摩擦垫圈85。 |
| [0189] |
[0189] |
| Note that this dual counter-torque washer system may be used with any portion, any combination or all of the HYTORC® Z® System. |
注意，该双反向扭矩洗涤器系统可以与HYTORC ®Z ®系统的任何部分，任何组合或全部一起使用。 |
| Recall that torque has unknown friction and tension has unknown bolt relaxation. |
回想扭矩具有未知的摩擦，张力具有未知的螺栓松弛。 |
| This washer system may come in a set to eliminate uncontrollable facial friction and uncontrollable side load to improve the bolt load accuracy of torque and tension. |
该垫圈系统可以消除不可控的表面摩擦和不可控的侧向载荷，以提高螺栓的扭矩和拉力载荷精度。 |
| [0190] |
[0190] |
| Further, direct tension indicating washers, or Squirter® Washers, may be used with any portion, any combination or all of the HYTORC® Z® System. |
此外，直接张力指示洗涤器或喷射®洗涤器可与HYTORC ®Z ®系统的任何部分，任何组合或全部一起使用。 |
| They are disclosed in the following U.S. patents issued to Applied Bolting Technology Products, Inc., entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,769,581, 5,931,618, 6,425,718 and 8,002,641. |
它们公开在以下美国专利中：颁发给AppliedBoltingTechnologyProducts ，Inc.的美国专利，该专利的完整副本在此引入作为参考，美国专利5，769，581，5，931，618，6，425，718和8，002，641。 |
| In one particularly advantageous embodiment, another HYTORC® proprietary washer system, or dual counter-torque and/or load indicating washer system (not shown), includes a first washer having external reaction force engagement means and one friction face for use under a nut or bolt head to be tightened or loosened (such as Z® Washer 1), |
在一个特别有利的实施例中，另一种HYTORC ®专用垫圈系统，或双反向扭矩和/或负载指示垫圈系统（未示出）包括第一垫圈，该第一垫圈具有外部作用力接合装置和一个摩擦面，该摩擦面用于在螺母或螺栓头下拧紧或松开（例如Z ®洗涤器1）， |
| and a second washer having two friction faces for use under a nut or bolt head on the other side of the joint (such as dual faced friction washer 85) including characteristics of Squirter® Washers. |
以及第二垫圈，其具有两个摩擦面，用于在接头的另一侧上的螺母或螺栓头下方使用（例如双面摩擦垫圈85），包括喷射®洗涤器的特征。 |
| This dual counter-torque washer system stops the stud or bolt from turning along, so as to control the thread and facial friction of the fastener to achieve a better translation from torque to bolt load, and clearly indicate once a bolting job is done. |
该双反向扭矩垫圈系统阻止柱螺栓或螺栓向前转动，以便控制紧固件的螺纹和表面摩擦，从而实现从扭矩到螺栓载荷的更好的传递，并且一旦螺栓连接作业完成就清楚地指示。 |
| Note that any friction coefficient increasing treatments discussed with respect to the HYTORC® Z® Washer is applicable to HYTORC® Dual Faced Friction Washer 85 including characteristics of Squirter® Washers. |
注意，关于HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器讨论的任何增加摩擦系数的处理适用于HYTORC ®双面摩擦垫圈85，包括喷淋器®洗涤器的特征。 |
| [0191] |
[0191] |
| The HYTORC® Z® System Used with a HYTORC® Z® Nut or Z® Bolt. |
与HYTORC ®Z ®Nut 或Z ®Bolt 一起使用的HYTORC ®Z ®系统。 |
| Applicant's recent Z® System related research and development includes applying friction coefficient increasing treatments discussed with respect to the HYTORC® Z® Washer to nuts and bolt heads. |
申请人最近的Z ®系统相关的研究和开发包括将关于HYTORC ®Z ®Washer 讨论的摩擦系数增加处理应用于螺母和螺栓头。 |
| As discussed in relation to FIGS. 15A-15G, it may be necessary to keep the back nut (not shown) or bolt head from turning depending on relative friction conditions in play during use of the HYTORC® Z® System. |
如关于图15A-15G所讨论的，在HYTORC ®Z ®系统的使用过程中，可能需要根据运动中的相对摩擦条件防止支承螺母（未示出）或螺栓头转动。 |
| One solution is the use of HYTORC® proprietary dual faced friction washer 85 under the back nut or bolt head 22. |
一种解决方案是在支承螺母或螺栓头22下使用HYTORC ®专用双面摩擦垫圈85。 |
| [0192] |
[0192] |
| Per FIGS. 15H-15K, another solution is the application of friction coefficient increasing treatments discussed with respect to the HYTORC® Z® Washer to nuts and bolt heads, such as, for example, the bottom face of the back nut (not shown) or bolt head 22A and/or 22B. |
根据图15H-15K，另一解决方案是将关于HYTORC ®Z ®所讨论的摩擦系数增加处理应用于螺母和螺栓头，例如背螺母（未示出）或螺栓头22A和/或22B的底面。 |
| Their respective friction enhanced faces 86A and 86B keep bolt heads 22A and 22B from turning, especially as soon as load begins to be applied to bolts 24A and 24B. |
它们各自的摩擦增强表面86A和86B防止螺栓头22A和22B转动，尤其是一旦载荷开始施加到螺栓24A和24B时。 |
| Note that friction enhancements of 86A are quite similar to those of washer 1, as shown in many FIGs. Note that friction enhancements of 86B are quite similar to those of washer 18D6 in FIG. 8D9. |
注意，86A的摩擦增强与垫圈1的摩擦增强非常相似，如图8D9所示。注意，86B的摩擦增强与垫圈18D6的摩擦增强非常相似。 |
| [0193] |
[0193] |
| In other words, a HYTORC® proprietary washer and nut or bolt system, or counter-torque Z® Washer and e Nut or Z® Bolt system, includes a first washer having external reaction force engagement means and one friction face for use under a nut or bolt head to be tightened or loosened (such as Z® Washer 1), and a nut or bolt having a lower friction face on the other side of the joint (such as Z® Bolt Head 22A). |
换句话说，HYTORC ®专有的垫圈和螺母或螺栓系统，或反扭矩Z ®Washer 和Nut 或Z ®螺栓系统，包括具有外部作用力接合装置和一个摩擦面的第一垫圈，用于在要拧紧或松开的螺母或螺栓头下使用（例如Z ®Washer1），和在接头的另一侧具有下摩擦面的螺母或螺栓（例如Z ®螺栓头22A）。 |
| The Z® Washer-Z® Nut/Bolt System stops the stud or bolt from turning along, so as to control the thread and facial friction of the fastener to achieve a better translation from torque to bolt load, and eliminates the need for a backup wrench. |
Z ®垫圈-Z ®螺母/螺栓系统阻止螺柱或螺栓向前转动，从而控制紧固件的螺纹和表面摩擦，以实现从扭矩到螺栓载荷的更好的传递，并且消除了对备用扳手的需要。 |
| Further, Z® Washer-Z® Nut/Bolt System is an alternative to the dual counter-torque washer system in situations when the latter is more expensive and/or less effective. |
此外，Z ®垫圈-Z ®螺母/螺栓系统在双反扭矩垫圈系统更昂贵和/或效率更低的情况下是双反扭矩垫圈系统的替代。 |
| [0194] |
[0194] |
| Generally, most discussion of FIGS. 1-15G related to the HYTORC® Z® System, and more specifically, most discussion of FIGS. 7 and 8 related to Z® Washers 1-18D7 (such as types and placements of friction coefficient increasing treatments and outer engagement geometries), may be applied to the back nut and/or bolt heads of FIGS. 15H-15K. |
通常，与HYTORC ®Z ®系统相关的图1-15G的大部分讨论，更具体地，与Z ®洗涤器1-18D7相关的图7和8的大部分讨论（例如摩擦系数增加处理的类型和布置以及外部接合几何形状）可以应用于图15H-15K的支承螺母和/或螺栓头。 |
| [0195] |
[0195] |
| Note that the Z® Washer-Z® Nut/Bolt System may be used with any portion, any combination or all of the HYTORC® Z® System. |
注意，Z ®垫圈-Z ®螺母/螺栓系统可以与HYTORC ®Z ®系统的任何部分，任何组合或全部一起使用。 |
| Recall that torque has unknown friction and tension has unknown bolt relaxation. |
回想扭矩具有未知的摩擦，张力具有未知的螺栓松弛。 |
| The Z® Washer-Z-Z® Nut/Bolt System may come assembled and/or as portions, combinations and/or sets thereof to eliminate uncontrollable facial friction and uncontrollable side load to improve the bolt load accuracy of torque and tension. |
Z ®垫圈-Z-Z ®螺母/螺栓系统可以组装和/或作为其部分，组合和/或组，以消除不可控的表面摩擦和不可控的侧面载荷，从而提高扭矩和张力的螺栓载荷精度。 |
| [0196] |
[0196] |
| The HYTORC® Z® Gun (In Detail). |
HYTORC ®Z ®枪（详细说明）。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 16A and 16B by way of example, these show perspective views of tools 10A and 10B, originally shown in FIGS. 3A-3C as the HYTORC Z® Gun. |
参照作为示例的图16A和16B，这些图示出了最初在图3A-3C中示出为HYTORCZ ®枪的工具10A和10B的透视图。 |
| Tools 10A and 10B include: drive input and output assembly 100; |
工具10A和10B包括：驱动输入和输出组件100； |
| turning force multiplication assembly 200; |
转动力倍增组件200； |
| vibration force assembly 300; |
振动力组件300； |
| mode shifting assembly 400; |
模式转换组件400； |
| and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15, or the HYTORC® Z® Socket. |
双驱动输出与反应插座组件15，或HYTORC ®Z ®插座。 |
| [0197] |
[0197] |
| Referring to FIG. 17A by way of example, this shows a side, cross-sectional view of tool 10A in LSHT mode. |
参照图17A，作为示例，其示出了工具10A在LSHT 模式下的侧剖视图。 |
| Referring to FIG. 17B by way of example, this shows a side, cross-sectional view of tool 10B in HSLT mode. |
参照图17B，图17B其示出了HSLT 模式下的工具10B的侧剖视图。 |
| [0198] |
[0198] |
| FIGS. 17A and 17B show drive input and output assembly 100 of tools 10A and 10B. |
图17A和17B示出了工具10A和10B的驱动输入和输出组件100。 |
| Drive input components include drive tool housing 101 containing a drive generating mechanism 102, handle assembly 103, and a switching mechanism 104. |
驱动输入部件包括驱动工具外壳101，其包含驱动产生机构102，手柄组件103和开关机构104。 |
| Drive generating mechanism 102 generates torque turning force 91 in one direction 93 to turn nut 36 and is shown formed as a motor drive means which may include either a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or manual motor. |
驱动产生机构102在一个方向93上产生转矩转动力91以转动螺母36，并且示出为形成为马达驱动装置，该马达驱动装置可以包括液压马达，气动马达，电动马达或手动马达。 |
| Drive tool housing 101 is shown generally as a cylindrical body with handle assembly 103 that is held by an operator. |
驱动工具外壳101通常显示为具有由操作者握持的手柄组件103的圆柱体。 |
| Handle assembly 103 includes a switching mechanism 104 for switching drive-generating mechanism 102 between an inoperative position and an operative position, and vice-versa. |
手柄组件103包括切换机构104，用于在非操作位置和操作位置之间切换驱动产生机构102，反之亦然。 |
| A turning force input shaft 121 connects drive input components of drive input and output assembly 100 with turning force multiplication assembly 200 and vibration force assembly 300 and transfers turning force 91 between the same. |
转动力输入轴121将驱动输入和输出组件100的驱动输入部件与转动力倍增组件200和振动力组件300连接，并在它们之间传递转动力91。 |
| A turning force output shaft 122 includes a driving part 123, which can be formed for example as a square drive. |
旋转力输出轴122包括驱动部分123，该驱动部分123例如可以形成为方形驱动器。 |
| Turning force output shaft 122 connects drive output components of drive input and output assembly 100 with turning force multiplication assembly 200 and vibration force assembly 300 and transfers a multiplied or vibrated form of turning force 91 between the same and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15. |
转动力输出轴122将驱动输入和输出组件100的驱动输出部件与转动力倍增组件200和振动力组件300连接，并在同一和双驱动输出和作用插座组件15之间传递倍增或振动形式的转动力91。 |
| In one mode of operation, a reaction force spline adaptor 443 receives torque reaction force 92 in the opposite direction 94. |
在一种操作模式中，作用力花键适配器443接收沿相反方向94的转矩作用力92。 |
| [0199] |
[0199] |
| FIG. 18 is a side, cross-sectional view of turning force multiplication assembly 200 and vibration force assembly 300 of tool 10A in LSHT mode. |
图18是工具10A在LSHT 模式下的转动力倍增组件200和振动力组件300的侧剖视图。 |
| FIG. 18 also shows portions of drive input and output assembly 100. |
图18还示出了驱动输入和输出组件100的部分。 |
| Components not otherwise shown in other FIGs. include turning force output shaft bearing 191. |
其它图中未示出的部件包括转动力输出轴承191。 |
| FIG. 19 is a is a perspective, cross-sectional view of drive tool housing assembly 101, drive tool handle assembly 103 and related internal components of tool 10A and tool 10B. |
图19是驱动工具外壳组件101，驱动工具手柄组件103以及工具10A和工具10B的相关内部部件的透视截面图。 |
| FIG. 19 shows portions of drive input and output assembly 100. |
图19示出了驱动输入和输出组件100的部分。 |
| Components shown include: a handle rear cover 131; |
所示部件包括：把手后盖131； |
| a gasket 137 adjacent rear cover 131 and the back of housing 101; |
垫圈137，邻近后盖131和壳体101的后部； |
| motor assembly 102; |
马达组件102； |
| an air valve assembly 132 having an outer air valve 133 and an inner air valve 134 held in place by a dowel pin 135. |
空气阀组件132具有外部空气阀133和内部空气阀134，其通过接合销135保持在适当位置。 |
| Rear cover 131 attaches to the back of and holds in such components in housing 101 by BHCS torque screws 136. |
后盖131连接到壳体101中的这些部件的后部并通过BHCS 扭矩螺钉136保持在这些部件中。 |
| A trigger assembly 150 includes: switching mechanism 104; |
扳机组件150包括：开关机构104； |
| springs 151; |
弹簧151； |
| a trigger shaft bushing 152; |
扳机轴衬152； |
| and a trigger rod 153. |
触发杆153。 |
| Handle 103 includes: a control valve assembly 155 with a control valve 157 and a dowel pin 156; |
手柄103包括：控制阀组件155，其具有控制阀157和接合销156； |
| a conical spring 161; |
锥形弹簧161； |
| a regulator valve spacer 162; |
调节阀间隔件162； |
| o-rings 163, one formed between control valve assembly 155 and an internal regulator housing 164 and one formed between internal regulator housing 164 and bottom plate 173. |
O 形环163，一个形成在控制阀组件155和内部调节器壳体164之间，一个形成在内部调节器壳体164和底板173之间。 |
| A mesh screen 171 is formed between bottom plate 173 and a noise filter 172. |
网筛171形成在底板173和噪声过滤器172之间。 |
| A socket head cap screw 174 connects such components and bottom plate 173 having a gasket 176 to handle assembly 103. |
插座头盖螺钉174将这些部件和底板173连接到手柄组件103，该底板具有垫圈176。 |
| An air fitting 175 extrudes from bottom plate 173 and connects to internal regulator housing 164. |
空气配件175从底板173伸出并连接到内部调节器壳体164。 |
| A handle push-button assembly 180 (not shown) allows an operator to change turning force direction and includes: a push button handle insert 181; |
手柄按钮组件180（未示出）允许操作者改变转动力方向并且包括：按钮手柄插入件181； |
| a push button rack 182; |
按钮架182； |
| a spring 183; |
弹簧183； |
| and connectors 184. |
以及连接器184。 |
| [0200] |
[0200] |
| Turning force multiplication assembly 200 includes a turning force multiplication mechanism 210 in a turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 substantially for LSHT mode including a plurality of turning force multiplication transmitter assemblies. |
转动力倍增组件200包括转动力倍增机构210，其位于转动力倍增机构壳体201中，基本用于LSHT 模式，包括多个转动力倍增变送器组件。 |
| In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, turning force multiplication assembly 200 includes five (5) multiplication transmitter assemblies 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215. |
在图17A和17B所示的实施例中，转动力倍增组件200包括五个倍增传送器组件211，212，213，214和215。 |
| It is to be understood that there are numerous known types of force multiplication mechanisms. |
应当理解，存在许多已知类型的力倍增机构。 |
| Generally turning force multiplication transmitter assemblies 211-215 make up turning force multiplication mechanism 210, a compound epicyclic gearing system. |
通常，旋转力倍增传送器组件211-215组成旋转力倍增机构210，复合行星齿轮系统。 |
| It may include a plurality of outer planetary gears revolving about a central sun gear. |
它可以包括围绕中心太阳轮旋转的多个外部行星齿轮。 |
| The planetary gears may be mounted on movable carriers which themselves may rotate relative to the sun gear. |
行星齿轮可以安装在可移动的托架上，托架本身可以相对于太阳齿轮旋转。 |
| Such compound epicyclic gearing systems may include outer ring gears that mesh with the planetary gears. |
这种复合行星齿轮系统可以包括与行星齿轮啮合的外环齿轮。 |
| Simple epicyclic gearing systems have one sun, one ring, one carrier, and one planetary set. |
简单的行星齿轮系统具有一个太阳轮，一个环，一个托架和一个行星齿轮组。 |
| Compound planetary gearing systems may include meshed-planetary structures, stepped-planet structures, and/or multi-stage planetary structures. |
复合行星齿轮系统可以包括啮合行星结构，阶梯行星结构和/或多级行星结构。 |
| Compared to simple epicyclic gearing systems, compound epicyclic gearing systems have the advantages of larger reduction ratio, higher torque-to-weight ratio, and more flexible configurations. |
与简单的行星齿轮传动系统相比，复合行星齿轮传动系统具有减速比大，转矩重量比高，结构灵活等优点。 |
| [0201] |
[0201] |
| Turning force multiplication transmitter assemblies 211-215 may include: gear cages; |
转动力倍增传送器组件211-215可以包括：齿轮罩； |
| planetary gears; |
行星齿轮； |
| ring gears; |
齿圈； |
| sun gears; |
太阳轮； |
| wobble gears; |
摆轮； |
| cycloidal gears; |
摆线齿轮； |
| epicyclic gears; |
行星齿轮； |
| connectors; |
连接器； |
| spacers; |
间隔物； |
| shifting rings; |
拨环； |
| retaining rings; |
挡圈； |
| bushings; |
衬套； |
| bearings; |
轴承； |
| caps; |
帽子； |
| transmission gears; |
传动齿轮； |
| transmission shafts; |
传动轴； |
| positioning pins; |
定位销； |
| drive wheels; |
驱动轮； |
| springs; |
弹簧； |
| or any combination or portion thereof. |
或其任何组合或部分。 |
| Turning force multiplication transmitters such as 211-215 may include other known like components as well. |
诸如211-215的转动力倍增传送器也可以包括其它已知的类似部件。 |
| Note that turning force input shaft 121 also may be considered a turning force multiplication transmitter; |
注意，转动力输入轴121也可以被认为是转动力倍增传送器； |
| specifically it's a first stage motor sun gear of turning force multiplication transmitter 211. |
具体地说，它是转动力倍增传送器211的第一级马达恒星齿轮。 |
| Turning force multiplication assemblies are well known and disclosed and described. |
转动力倍增组件是公知的，并且被公开和描述。 |
| An example is disclosed and described in Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 7,950,309, an entire copy of which is incorporated herein by reference. |
在申请人的美国专利No.7，950，309中公开和描述了一个例子，该专利的整个副本在此引入作为参考。 |
| [0202] |
[0202] |
| FIG. 18 shows more detail of portions of turning force multiplication assembly 200 than FIGS. 17A and 17B. |
图18比图17A和17B更详细地示出了转动力倍增组件200的部分。 |
| Components turning force multiplication assembly 200 shown in FIG. 18 and not in FIGS. 17A and 17B include: a lock nut 250; |
在图18中示出而在图17A和17B中未示出的旋转力倍增组件200的部件包括：锁定螺母250； |
| a lock washer 249; |
锁紧垫圈249； |
| a bearing 241; |
轴承241； |
| a housing adapter 247; |
壳体适配器247； |
| a bearing spacer 252; |
轴承衬垫252； |
| an internal retaining ring 243; |
内部保持环243； |
| a bearing 242; |
轴承242； |
| a gearbox connector 248; |
变速箱连接器248； |
| a top and a bottom internal retaining ring 251; |
顶部和底部内保持环251； |
| a top and bottom ball bearing 246; |
顶部和底部球轴承246； |
| a double sealed bearing 244; |
双密封轴承244； |
| and an internal retaining ring 245. |
以及内部保持环245。 |
| [0203] |
[0203] |
| Vibration force assembly 300 includes a vibration force mechanism 310 in a vibration force mechanism housing 301 substantially for HSLT mode including either one or a plurality of vibration transmitters. |
振动力组件300包括振动力机构310，其位于基本上用于HSLT 模式的振动力机构壳体301中，包括一个或多个振动发送器。 |
| In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, vibration force assembly 300 includes two vibration, specifically impaction, transmitters 311 and 312. |
在图17A和17B所示的实施例中，振动力组件300包括两个振动，特别是冲击，传送器311和312。 |
| It is to be understood that there are various known vibration force mechanisms, and often involve impaction force mechanisms consisting of an anvil and a turning hammer. |
应当理解，存在各种已知的振动力机构，并且通常包括由砧和旋转锤组成的冲击力机构。 |
| The motor turns the hammer and the anvil has a turning resistance. |
电机转动锤，砧具有转动阻力。 |
| Each impact imparts a hammering force, which is passed on to the output drive. |
每次冲击施加锤击力，该锤击力传递到输出驱动器。 |
| [0204] |
[0204] |
| Generally vibration force assemblies may include vibration force mechanisms such as ultrasonic force mechanisms including an ultrasonic force transmitters; |
通常，振动力组件可以包括振动力机构，例如包括超声力传送器的超声力机构； |
| mass imbalance force mechanisms including mass imbalance force transmitters, or any other time-varying disturbance (load, displacement or velocity) mechanisms including a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement or velocity) force transmitters. |
包括质量不平衡力传送器的质量不平衡力机构，或包括时变扰动（负载，位移或速度）力传送器的任何其它时变扰动（负载，位移或速度）机构。 |
| Further vibration force assemblies may include: hammers; |
另外的振动力组件可以包括：锤子； |
| anvils; |
砧座； |
| connectors; |
连接器； |
| spacers; |
间隔物； |
| shifting rings retaining rings; |
拨环挡环； |
| bushings; |
衬套； |
| bearings; |
轴承； |
| caps; |
帽子； |
| transmission gears; |
传动齿轮； |
| transmission shafts; |
传动轴； |
| positioning pins; |
定位销； |
| drive wheels; |
驱动轮； |
| springs; |
弹簧； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| Vibration transmitters such as 311 and 312 may include other known like components as well. |
诸如311和312的振动发送器也可以包括其它已知的类似部件。 |
| FIG. 18 also shows a dowel pin 320. |
图18还示出了接合销320。 |
| [0205] |
[0205] |
| Generally the RPMs of tools 10A and 10B decrease as torque output increases. |
通常，工具10A和10B的RPM 随着扭矩输出的增加而减小。 |
| The activation or deactivation of vibration force mechanism 310 alternatively may be such that when the RPMs drop below or go beyond a predetermined number, vibration force mechanism 310 becomes ineffective or effective. |
或者，振动力机构310的激活或去激活可以是这样的：当RPM 下降到低于或超过预定数量时，振动力机构310变得无效或有效。 |
| In the HSLT mode vibration force mechanism 310 provides a turning force to the nut. |
在HSLT 模式中，振动力机构310向螺母提供旋转力。 |
| In LSHT mode vibration force mechanism 310 acts as an extension to pass on the turning force from one part of the tool to another. |
在LSHT 模式中，振动力机构310用作将车削力从刀具的一部分传递到另一部分的延伸部分。 |
| Note that vibration force mechanism 310 can be located either close to the tool motor, close to the tool output drive or anywhere in between. |
注意，振动力机构310可以位于靠近工具马达，靠近工具输出驱动装置它们之间的任何位置。 |
| [0206] |
[0206] |
| In HSLT mode, vibration force mechanism 310 always receives a turning force and turns; |
在HSLT 模式中，振动力机构310总是接收转向力并转向； |
| the housing may or may not receive a turning force; |
壳体可以接收或不接收转动力； |
| and the torque output is relatively low, which is why the housing does not need to react. |
并且扭矩输出相对较低，这就是壳体不需要反应的原因。 |
| Note that in the embodiments of FIG. 17A and 17B, vibration force mechanism 310 is operable only in a higher speed mode, such as HSLT mode. |
注意，在图17A和17B的实施例中，振动力机构310仅可在诸如HSLT 模式的高速模式下操作。 |
| This in turn means that at a lower speed when the torque intensifier mechanism is operable, such as LSHT mode, there is no impact and/or minimal vibration. |
这又意味着，在较低速度下，当扭矩增强器机构可操作时，例如LSHT 模式，不存在冲击和/或最小振动。 |
| During HSLT mode, at least two multiplication transmitters are unitary and rotate with the hammer to increase inertia and assist in the hammering motion from the impaction mechanism. |
在HSLT 模式期间，至少两个倍增发送器是一体的，并且与锤一起旋转，以增加惯性辅助来自冲击机构的锤击运动。 |
| Note that when a fastener exhibits little or no corrosion, thread and facial deformation and/or thread galling, vibration force mechanism 310 may not be necessary in HSLT mode. |
注意，当紧固件表现出很少或没有腐蚀，螺纹和表面变形和/或螺纹磨损时，在HSLT 模式中可能不需要振动力机构310。 |
| [0207] |
[0207] |
| Slide action mode shifting assembly 400 is substantially for shifting tool 10A from LSHT mode to HSLT mode and tool 10B from HSLT mode to LSHT mode. |
滑动作用模式转换组件400基本上用于将工具10A从LSHT 模式转换到HSLT 模式，并将工具10B从HSLT 模式转换到LSHT 模式。 |
| In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, slide action mode-shifting assembly 400 includes: a shifter base 401; |
在图17A和17B所示的实施例中，滑动作用模式转换组件400包括：转换器基座401； |
| a shifter collar 442; |
换档器轴环442； |
| a spline shifter swivel 443; |
花键移位器转环443； |
| a shifter spline ring 445; |
移位花键环445； |
| an external shifting ring 456; |
外部移动环456； |
| and an internal shifting assembly 450. |
以及内部移动组件450。 |
| Internal shifting assembly 450, as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B includes: an internal shifting bushing 452; |
如图17A和17B所示，内移动组件450包括：内移动衬套452； |
| an internal shifting ring 453; |
内挡圈453； |
| and coupling ball bearings 454. |
以及球轴承454。 |
| [0208] |
[0208] |
| Slide action mode-shifting assembly 400 may include: manual assemblies (sequential manual, non-synchronous or preselected) or automatic assemblies (manumatic, semi-automatic, electrohydraulic, saxomat, dual clutch or continuously variable); |
滑动动作模式转换组件400可以包括：手动组件（顺序手动，非同步或预选）或自动组件（手动，半自动，电液，saxomat ，双离合器或连续可变）； |
| torque converters; |
变矩器； |
| pumps; |
泵； |
| planetary gears; |
行星齿轮； |
| clutches; |
离合器； |
| bands; |
条带； |
| valves; |
阀门； |
| connectors; |
连接器； |
| spacers; |
间隔物； |
| shifting rings retaining rings; |
拨环挡环； |
| bushings; |
衬套； |
| bearings; |
轴承； |
| collars; |
领子； |
| locking balls; |
锁球； |
| caps; |
帽子； |
| transmission gears; |
传动齿轮； |
| transmission shafts; |
传动轴； |
| synchronizers; |
同步器； |
| positioning pins; |
定位销； |
| drive wheels; |
驱动轮； |
| springs; |
弹簧； |
| or any combination or portion thereof. |
或其任何组合或部分。 |
| Mode shifting components may include other known like components as well. |
模式转换组件也可以包括其它已知的类似组件。 |
| It is to be understood that there are various known mode-shifting assemblies, and often involve shifting components consisting of collars, rings and locking balls. |
应当理解，存在各种已知的模式转换组件，并且通常包括由轴环，环和锁定球组成的转换部件。 |
| [0209] |
[0209] |
| FIG. 18 shows more detail of portions of slide action mode shifting assembly 400 than FIGS. 17A or 17B. |
图18示出了比图17A或17B更详细的滑动作用模式转换组件400的部分。 |
| Additional components of shifting assembly 400 shown in FIG. 18 and not shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B include: internal retaining rings 451, 457 and 459; |
在图18中示出且在图17A和17B中未示出的移动组件400的附加部件包括：内保持环451，457和459； |
| a bottom and a top bushing 446 and 447; |
底部和顶部衬套446和447； |
| and shifter ring reaction plugs 458. |
以及换档环反应插头458。 |
| FIG. 20 is a perspective view of mode shifting assembly 400 of tool 10A and tool 10B. |
图20是工具10A和工具10B的模式转换组件400的透视图。 |
| FIG. 20 shows substantial external portions of mode-shifting assembly 400. |
图20示出了模式转换组件400的基本外部。 |
| Components not otherwise shown in other FIGs. include: a lock shaft cap 402; |
其它图中未另外示出的部件包括：锁轴盖402； |
| a handle insert 403; |
手柄插入件403； |
| a handle grip 404; |
把手404； |
| a pull handle 405; |
拉手405； |
| an actuator link and shifter pin 406; |
致动器连杆和换档器销406； |
| a pivot pin 407; |
枢销407； |
| a shifter extension bracket 410; |
换档器延伸托架410； |
| SHCS 411; |
411； |
| a shifter fastener assembly 430; |
换档器紧固件组件430； |
| a bottom and a top shifter link 441; |
底部和顶部移位器链路441； |
| a wave spring 448; |
波形弹簧448； |
| and a holder spline 449. |
保持花键449。 |
| [0210] |
[0210] |
| Referring back to FIGS. 5A-5D, they show perspective and cross-sectional view of dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15 of tool 10A and tool 10B and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15A of tool 10C and tool 10D. |
再参照图5A-5D，它们示出了工具10A和工具10B的双驱动输出和作用插座组件15以及工具10C和工具10D的双驱动输出和作用插座组件15A的透视图和剖视图。 |
| [0211] |
[0211] |
| In LSHT mode, dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15 is substantially for transferring a multiplied form of turning force 91 to nut 36 in one direction 93 and the corresponding multiplied form of reaction force 92 in another direction 94 to Z® Washer 1, which acts as a stationary object. |
在LSHT 模式中，双驱动输出和作用插座组件15基本上用于在一个方向93上将倍增形式的旋转力91传递到螺母36，并且在另一个方向94上将相应倍增形式的作用力92传递到用作固定物体的Z ®洗涤器1。 |
| In HSLT mode, dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15 is substantially for transferring a vibrated form of turning force 91 to either nut 36 or nut 36 and washer 1 in one direction 93. |
在HSLT 模式中，双驱动输出和作用插座组件15基本上用于将振动形式的旋转力91沿一个方向93传递到螺母36或螺母36和垫圈1。 |
| In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 15 includes an inner drive socket 16 and an outer reaction socket 17. |
在图17A和17B所示的实施例中，双驱动输出和作用插座组件15包括内驱动插座16和外作用插座17。 |
| Outer reaction socket 17 is non-rotatably engageable with reaction force spline shifter swivel 443 during the LSHT mode. |
在LSHT 模式期间，外作用插座17不可旋转地与作用力花键换档器旋转接头443接合。 |
| It is to be understood that there are various known engagement mechanisms to transfer turning and reaction forces to threaded fasteners and nuts and washers thereof, including castellation, spline and other geometries. |
应当理解，存在各种已知的接合机构，用于将旋转力和作用力传递到螺纹紧固件及其螺母和垫圈，包括城堡形，花键和其它几何形状。 |
| [0212] |
[0212] |
| Tool 10A operates per the following in LSHT mode. |
工具10A按照以下方式在LSHT 模式下操作。 |
| The operator pulls shifter base 401 toward a rear position. |
操作者将换档器底座401拉向后部位置。 |
| Coupling/locking ball bearings 454 disengage from turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 and engage with shifter spline ring 445 inside reaction force spline shifter swivel 443. |
联接/锁定球轴承454与转动力倍增机构壳体201脱离，并与换档器花键环445在作用力花键换档器转环443内接合。 |
| Shifter base 401 is linked with turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201. |
换档器底座401与转动力倍增机构壳体201连接。 |
| Turning force multiplication transmitters 211-215 are unlocked and free to rotate relative to each other. |
旋转力倍增发送器211-215被解锁并相对于彼此自由旋转。 |
| The operator's pulling of shifter base 401 toward a rear position also engages shifting assembly vibration (impaction) force spline ring 453 with vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301. |
操作者将换档器底座401拉向后部位置也使换档组件振动（冲击）力花键环453与振动（冲击）力机构壳体301接合。 |
| This locks up vibration (impaction) force transmitters 311 and 312 and thus vibration (impaction) force assembly 300. |
这锁定了振动（冲击）力传送器311和312，从而锁定了振动（冲击）力组件300。 |
| And this allows turning force output drive shaft 120 to be driven by the fifth gear cage of turning force multiplication transmitter 215, which is spline engaged with vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301. |
这允许旋转力输出驱动轴120由旋转力倍增发送器215的第五齿轮箱驱动，该第五齿轮箱与振动（冲击）力机构壳体301花键接合。 |
| Spline shifter swivel 443 is spline engaged with reaction socket 17. |
花键换档器旋转接头443与作用插座17花键接合。 |
| And reaction socket 17 is geometrically engaged with washer 1 under nut 36. |
作用插座17在螺母36下与垫圈1几何接合。 |
| Upon seating of nut 36, compressed locking disc washer 1 serves as the stationary object by which turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 reacts off of reaction socket 17. |
在螺母36就位时，压缩锁定盘垫圈1用作静止物体，通过该静止物体，旋转力倍增机构壳体201作用于作用插座17。 |
| With turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 held still, turning force multiplication transmitters 211-215 tighten seated nut 36 via turning force output drive shaft 120. |
在旋转力倍增机构壳体201保持静止的情况下，旋转力倍增发送器211-215通过旋转力输出驱动轴120拧紧固定螺母36。 |
| [0213] |
[0213] |
| Generally operation of tool 10B requires activation or deactivation of impaction mechanism 310. |
通常，工具10B的操作需要致动或解除致动冲击机构310。 |
| Slide action mode shifting assembly 400 can shift tool 10A between either: multiplication mechanism 210; |
滑动动作模式转换组件400可以在倍增机构210之间转换工具10A； |
| impaction mechanism 310; |
冲击机构310； |
| part of multiplication mechanism 210 (such as for example one of the plurality of multiplication transmitters); |
倍增机构210的一部分（例如多个倍增发射器中的一个）； |
| part of impaction mechanism 310 (such as for example one of the plurality of impaction transmitters); |
冲击机构310的一部分（例如多个冲击发送器中的一个）； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| [0214] |
[0214] |
| Tool 10B operates per the following in HSLT mode. |
工具10B按照以下方式在HSLT 模式下运行。 |
| The operator pushes shifter base 401 toward a forward position Coupling/locking ball bearings 454 engage with turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 and vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301. |
操作者将换档器底座401推向前位，联接/锁定球轴承454与转动力倍增机构壳体201和振动（冲击）力机构壳体301接合。 |
| Shifter spline ring 445 disengages from inside reaction force spline shifter swivel 443, thereby rendering it idle and inactive. |
换档器花键环445从内作用力花键换档器转环443脱离，从而使其空转和不活动。 |
| Therefore reaction socket 17 is idle and inactive because it is not spline engaged with turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201. |
因此，作用插座17是闲置和不活动的，因为它没有与转动力倍增机构壳体201花键接合。 |
| With coupling/locking ball bearings 454 engaged with vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301, turning force multiplication transmitters 211-215 are locked up and unable to rotate relative to each other. |
在联接/锁定球轴承454与振动（冲击）力机构壳体301接合的情况下，旋转力倍增发送器211-215被锁定并且不能相对于彼此旋转。 |
| Thus turning force multiplication assembly 200 turns as a unitary mass via turning force input shaft 121. |
因此，转动力倍增组件200通过转动力输入轴121作为整体转动。 |
| Motor 102 turns turning force input shaft 121 that includes the first stage sun motor gear of turning force multiplication transmitter 211. |
马达102转动转动力输入轴121，该轴包括转动力倍增传送器211的第一级太阳马达齿轮。 |
| The operator's pushing of shifter base 401 toward a forward position also disengages shifting assembly vibration (impaction) force spline ring 453 from vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301. |
操作者朝向前位置推动换档器底座401也使换档组件振动（冲击）力花键环453从振动（冲击）力机构壳体301脱离。 |
| This unlocks vibration (impaction) force transmitters 311 and 312 and thus vibration (impaction) force assembly 300. |
这解锁了振动（冲击）力传送器311和312，从而解锁了振动（冲击）力组件300。 |
| Vibration (impaction) force mechanism housing 301 is spline engaged with the fifth gear cage of turning force multiplication transmitter 215. |
振动（冲击）力机构壳体301与转动力倍增传送器215的第五齿轮箱花键接合。 |
| Vibration (impaction) force transmitter 312 (anvil), is spline engaged to turning force output drive shaft 120, which runs up or down nut 36 on stud 23 by impact of vibration (impaction) force transmitter 311 (hammer). |
振动（冲击）力传送器312（砧）与旋转力输出驱动轴120花键接合，该旋转力输出驱动轴通过振动（冲击）力传送器311（锤）的冲击而在螺柱23上向上或向下移动螺母36。 |
| [0215] |
[0215] |
| Referring back to FIGS. 3A-3C and FIGS. 4A-4B, generally and from the perspective of nut 36, tool 10A either tightens, loosens or tightens and loosens nut 36 in LSHT mode. |
再参照图3A-3C和图4A-4B，总体上并从螺母36的角度来看，工具10A在LSHT 模式下拧紧，松开或拧紧和松开螺母36。 |
| And tool 10B either runs up, runs down or runs up and runs down nut 36 in HSLT mode. |
工具10B在HSLT 模式下或者向上运行，或者向下运行，或者向上运行和向下运行螺母36。 |
| Generally and from the perspective of washer 1, tool 10A, in LSHT mode, either: pressurizes washer 1″ between tightened nut 36″ on loaded stud 23″ and tightened joint 30″ to the pre-determined tightening torque; |
通常，从垫圈1的角度来看，工具10A在LSHT 模式下：将垫圈1的′′加压到预定的紧固扭矩，其中垫圈1的′′位于加载的螺柱23′′上的紧固螺母36′′和紧固接头30′′之间； |
| and/or compresses washer 1′ between seated nut 36′ on pre-loosened stud 23′ on pre-loosened joint 30′ from the pre-determined tightening torque. |
和/或将垫圈1的′压缩在位于预先松开的螺栓23上的固定螺母36的′和预先松开的接头30的′之间。 |
| Generally and from the perspective of washer 1, tool 10B in HSLT mode, either: compresses washer 1′ between seated nut 21′ on pre-loaded stud 23′ on pre-tightened joint 30′ to the pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
通常，从垫圈1的角度来看，工具10B处于HSLT 模式，或者：将垫圈1的′压缩在位于预加载的螺栓23上的坐落螺母21的′与预紧固接头30的′之间，′至预定的预紧固扭矩； |
| decompresses washer 1 between nut 36 on stud 23 on loosened joint 30 from the pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
将松开接头30上的螺栓23上的螺母36之间的垫圈1解除预定的预紧扭矩； |
| or vibrates pressurized washer 1″ between tightened nut 21″ on loaded stud 23″ on tightened joint 30″ to adequately pulverize bolt thread corrosion. |
或者振动加压垫圈1，拧紧螺母21之间的′′，加载螺栓23上的′′，拧紧接头30上的′′，′′以充分粉碎螺栓螺纹腐蚀。 |
| Note that reference numerals with ′ and ″ represent similar force magnitudes. |
注意，具有′和′′的附图标记表示相似的力大小。 |
| [0216] |
[0216] |
| During HSLT mode tool 10B either: runs down either nut 36 or both nut 36 and washer 1 on stud 23 with turning force 91 in one direction 93 to seat nut 36′ and compress washer 1′ on pre-loaded stud 23′ on pre-tightened joint 30′ to a pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
在HSLT 模式期间，工具10B或者：利用一个方向93上的旋转力91使螺栓23上的螺母36或者螺母36和垫圈1两者向下运动，以使螺母36′就位，并将垫圈1′压在预载螺栓23上，′在预紧接头30上′至预定的预紧扭矩； |
| runs up either seated nut 36′ or both seated nut 36′ and compressed washer 1′ on pre-loosened stud 23′ on pre-loosened joint 30′ with turning force 92 in an opposite direction 94 from a pre-determined pre-loosening torque; |
利用与预定的预松开扭矩相反的方向94上的旋转力92，在预松开接头30′上的预松开双头螺栓23′上，使固定螺母36′或固定螺母36′和压缩垫圈1′运行； |
| or vibrates (impacts) tightened nut 36” over pressurized washer 1″ to apply vibration to adequately pulverize thread corrosion. |
或者在加压垫圈1′′上振动（冲击）拧紧的螺母36"以施加振动以充分粉碎螺纹腐蚀。 |
| During LSHT mode tool 10A either: tightens seated nut 36′ on compressed washer 1′ on pre-loaded bolt 23′ on pre-tightened joint 30′ with turning force 91 in one direction 93 to the pre-determined tightening torque and applies reaction force 92 in opposite direction 93 to compressed washer 1′; |
在LSHT 模式工具10A期间：利用在一个方向93上的旋转力91将坐落的螺母36′紧固在压缩垫圈1上，将′紧固在预加载的螺栓23上，将′紧固在预紧固的接头30上，′为预定的紧固并且在相反方向93上施加作用力92到压缩垫圈1′； |
| or loosens tightened nut 36″ over pressurized washer 1″ on loaded stud 23″ on tightened joint 30″ with turning force 92 in opposite direction 94 from a pre-determined tightening torque and applies reaction force 91 in one direction 93 to pressurized washer 1″. |
或者，利用与预定拧紧扭矩相反方向94上的旋转力92，将拧紧的螺母36′′松开到加载的螺栓23上的加压垫圈1′′，拧紧的接头30′′，并将一个方向93上的作用力91施加到加压垫圈1′′。 |
| Note that reference numerals with ′ and ″ represent similar force magnitudes. |
注意，具有′和′′的附图标记表示相似的力大小。 |
| [0217] |
[0217] |
| During operation tool 10A switches from LSHT mode to tool 10B in HSLT mode upon unseating nut 36 and decompressing washer 1 at the pre-determined pre-loosening torque. |
在操作期间，在以预定的预松开扭矩使螺母36离位并使垫圈1减压时，工具10A从LSHT 模式切换到HSLT 模式下的工具10B。 |
| During operation tool 10B switches from HSLT mode to tool 10A in LSHT mode upon either: seating nut 36 and decompressing washer 1 at the pre-determined pre-tightening torque; |
在操作期间，工具10B从HSLT 模式转换到LSHT 模式中的工具10A，这基于以下任一个：以预定的预紧扭矩安置螺母36和减压垫圈1； |
| or adequate pulverization of thread corrosion. |
或充分粉碎螺纹腐蚀。 |
| Note that the operator uses mode-shifting assembly 400 to switch the tool from LSHT mode to the HSLT mode or visa versa, but such a switch may include other known like components as well. |
注意，操作者使用模式转换组件400将工具从LSHT 模式切换到HSLT 模式或反之亦然，但是这种开关也可以包括其它已知的类似部件。 |
| Note that mode shifting assembly 400 is a manual switch, but may be automatic. |
注意，模式转换组件400是手动开关，但是可以是自动的。 |
| Similarly, note that activation or deactivation of vibration (impaction) force assembly 300 may occur either manually or automatically. |
类似地，注意，振动（冲击）力组件300的激活或去激活可以手动或自动发生。 |
| Note that LSHT mode can be switched from torque regulated to vibration assisted or vice versa, and wherein HSLT mode can be switched from vibration regulated to torque assisted or vice versa. |
注意，LSHT 模式可以从转矩调节模式切换到振动辅助模式，反之亦然，并且其中HSLT 模式可以从振动调节模式切换到转矩辅助模式，反之亦然。 |
| Note that vibration (impaction) force assembly 300 can continue operating even if washer 1 begins or ceases rotation. |
注意，即使垫圈1开始或停止旋转，振动（冲击）力组件300也可以继续操作。 |
| And note that LSHT mode may be vibration assisted for loosening nut 36 to help overcome chemical, heat and/or lubrication corrosion and avoid bolt thread galling. |
并且注意，LSHT 模式可以是用于松开螺母36的振动辅助，以帮助克服化学，热和/或润滑腐蚀并避免螺栓螺纹磨损。 |
| [0218] |
[0218] |
| Note that power tools for gall-reduced tightening and loosening of industrial fasteners in accordance with the present invention may also be characterized in that: turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 is operatively connected with at least one turning force multiplication transmitter 211-215; |
注意，根据本发明的用于工业紧固件的减磨紧固和松开的动力工具的特征还在于：旋转力倍增机构壳体201与至少一个旋转力倍增发送器211-215可操作地连接； |
| during LSHT mode at least two of multiplication transmitters 211-215 rotate relative to the other; |
在LSHT 模式期间，倍增发射器211-215中的至少两个相对于另一个旋转； |
| and during HSLT mode at least two of multiplication transmitters 211-215 are unitary to assist the hammering motion imparted by the turning force impaction mechanism 310. |
并且在HSLT 模式期间，倍增传送器211-215中的至少两个是一体的，以辅助由转动力冲击机构310施加的锤击运动。 |
| During HSLT mode, turning force output drive shaft 120 and the combination of the turning force multiplication assembly 200 including its housing turn as a unitary mass in the same direction. |
在HSLT 模式期间，转动力输出驱动轴120和包括其壳体的转动力倍增组件200的组合在相同方向上作为整体转动。 |
| This creates inertia that enhances torque output of the impaction mechanism to overcome corrosion, thread and facial deformation and avoid bolt thread galling. |
这产生了提高冲击机构的扭矩输出的惯性，以克服腐蚀，螺纹和表面变形并避免螺栓螺纹磨损。 |
| [0219] |
[0219] |
| Methods are disclosed of gall-minimized tightening and loosening of two parts with one another with industrial fasteners 20 of the kind having nut 36, washer 1 and stud 23 with a power tool (10A and 10B) of the kind having: motor 102 to generate a turning force; |
公开了利用具有螺母36，垫圈1和螺柱23的工业紧固件20，利用具有用于产生旋转力的马达102的动力工具（10A和10B），最小化磨损地紧固和松开两个部件的方法； |
| a drive (122 and 123) to transfer turning force 91; |
传递转向力91的驱动器（122，123）； |
| turning force multiplication mechanism 210 in turning force multiplication mechanism housing 201 for LSHT mode including turning force multiplication transmitters 211-215; |
转动力倍增机构210在用于LSHT 模式的转动力倍增机构壳体201中，包括转动力倍增发送器211-215； |
| vibration force mechanism 310 for HSLT including vibration transmitter 311, 312; |
用于HSLT 的振动力机构310包括振动发送器311，312； |
| drive socket 16 operatively connected with nut 36; |
与螺母36可操作地连接的传动套节16； |
| reaction socket 17: |
反应插座17： |
| during LSHT mode, operatively connected to washer 1 to transfer reaction force 92 to washer 1; |
在LSHT 模式期间，可操作地连接到垫圈1以将作用力92传递到垫圈1； |
| and during HSLT mode, either operatively connected to or operatively disconnected from washer 1. |
并且在HSLT 模式期间，可操作地连接到垫圈1或可操作地从垫圈1断开。 |
| Such method including: wherein tightening includes: placing washer 1 on a free stud end 25; |
这种方法包括：其中紧固包括：将垫圈1放置在自由螺栓端25上； |
| placing nut 36 over washer 1 on free stud end 25; |
将螺母36放置在垫圈1上的自由螺栓端25上； |
| running down, in HSLT mode, either nut 36 or nut 36 and washer 1 on free stud end 25 to a pre-determined pre-tightening torque to seat nut 36 and compress washer 1; |
在HSLT 模式下，使螺母36或螺母36和自由螺栓端25上的垫圈1下降到预定的预紧扭矩，以使螺母36就位并压缩垫圈1； |
| switching from HSLT mode to LSHT mode; |
从HSLT 模式切换到LSHT 模式； |
| and torqueing tight, in LSHT mode, seated nut 36 to a pre-determined tightening torque and pressurizing washer 1 between tightened nut 36 and tightened joint 30; |
以及在LSHT 模式下，将坐落的螺母36拧紧至预定的拧紧扭矩，并在拧紧的螺母36和拧紧的接头30之间加压垫圈1； |
| wherein loosening includes: placing tool 10A over tightened nut 36 and pressurized washer 1; |
其中松开包括：将工具10A放置在拧紧的螺母36和加压垫圈1上； |
| torqueing loose, in LSHT mode, tightened nut 36 over pressurized washer 1 to a pre-determined loosening torque; |
在LSHT 模式中，将加压垫圈1上的螺母36拧紧到预定的松开扭矩； |
| switching from LSHT mode to HSLT mode; |
从LSHT 模式切换到HSLT 模式； |
| and running up, in HSLT mode, either seated nut 36 or seated nut 36 and compressed washer 1 on free stud end 25. |
并且在HSLT 模式下向上运行，或者是固定螺母36，或者是固定螺母36和自由螺栓端部25上的压缩垫圈1。 |
| The method of loosening further includes: vibrating, in HSLT mode, tightened nut 36 over pressurized washer 1 to apply vibration to pulverize bolt thread corrosion; |
松开的方法还包括：在HSLT 模式下，在加压垫圈1上振动拧紧螺母36，以施加振动来粉碎螺栓螺纹腐蚀； |
| and switching from HSLT mode to LSHT mode. |
从HSLT 模式切换到LSHT 模式。 |
| [0220] |
[0220] |
| Tools 10A and 10B, above, and tools 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I, below, are generally describable as power tools for gall-minimized tightening and loosening of an industrial threaded fastener of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, a stud and either a nut threadedly engageable with the stud or a stud-head connected to the stud. |
上面的工具10A和10B以及下面的工具10F，10G，10H和10I通常可被描述为动力工具，用于对工业螺纹紧固件进行磨损最小化的拧紧和松开，所述工业螺纹紧固件具有同轴反应表面，螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母或与螺柱连接的螺柱头。 |
| Tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I include: a motor to generate a turning force; |
工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I包括：产生旋转力的马达； |
| a drive to transfer the turning force; |
传递转向力的驱动器； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism in a housing including a turning force multiplication transmitter for all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance; |
壳体中的转动力倍增机构，包括用于从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式的转动力倍增发送器； |
| and at least one vibration force mechanism including a vibration transmitter for an intermittent force mode operatable during all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance. |
以及至少一个振动力机构，其包括用于在从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式期间可操作的间歇力模式的振动发送器。 |
| [0221] |
[0221] |
| Alternatively tools 10A and 10B, above, and tools 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I below, are describable as power tools for gall-minimized tightening and loosening of an industrial fastener of the kind having a nut, a washer and a stud, the tools including: a motor to generate a turning force; |
可替换地，上面的工具10A和10B以及下面的工具10F，10G，10H和10I可描述为动力工具，用于具有螺母，垫圈和螺柱的工业紧固件的磨损最小化的紧固和松开，该工具包括：产生旋转力的马达； |
| a drive to transfer the turning force; |
传递转向力的驱动器； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism in a housing including a turning force multiplication transmitter for a continuous torque mode; |
壳体中的转动力倍增机构，包括用于连续转矩模式的转动力倍增变送器； |
| a vibration force mechanism including a vibration transmitter for either: an intermittent torque mode; |
振动力机构，包括用于间歇转矩模式的振动发送器； |
| an intermittent force mode; |
间歇受力模式； |
| or both the intermittent torque mode and the intermittent force mode. |
或间歇扭矩模式和间歇力模式。 |
| [0222] |
[0222] |
| Referring to FIG. 21A by way of example, this shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention as tool 10F, a power tool for gall-minimized tightening, loosening or both tightening and loosening of an industrial threaded fastener 801 of the kind having a stud and a nut threadedly engageable with the stud. |
参照图21A，作为示例，该图示出了本发明的一个实施例的剖视图，该实施例为工具10F，用于最小化磨损的拧紧，松开或拧紧和松开的动力工具，该类型的工业螺纹紧固件801具有螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母。 |
| Tool 10F includes: a drive input and output assembly 810; |
工具10F包括：驱动输入和输出组件810； |
| a turning force multiplication assembly 820; |
转动力倍增组件820； |
| a vibration force assembly 830; |
振动力组件830； |
| a mode shifting assembly 840; |
模式转换组件840； |
| and a drive output socket and reaction arm assembly 850. |
以及驱动输出插座和反应臂组件850。 |
| [0223] |
[0223] |
| Referring to FIG. 21B by way of example, this shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention as tool 10G. |
参照图21B，作为示例，其示出了作为工具10G的本发明的实施例的剖视图。 |
| Tools 10F and 10G are similar as noted by duplication of reference numbers. |
工具10F和10G类似，如附图标记重复所示。 |
| Tool 10G is a reaction arm-free power tool for gall-minimized tightening, loosening or both tightening and loosening of an industrial threaded fastener 802 of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, such as, for example, HYTORC® Z® Washer 1, a stud and a nut threadedly engageable with the stud. |
工具10G是一种无作用臂的动力工具，其用于对具有同轴作用表面（例如HYTORC ®Z ®Washer1），螺柱和可与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母的类型的工业螺纹紧固件802进行磨损最小化的紧固，松开或者紧固和松开。 |
| Tool 10G includes: a drive input and output assembly 810; |
工具10G包括：驱动输入和输出组件810； |
| a turning force multiplication assembly 820; |
转动力倍增组件820； |
| a vibration force assembly 830; |
振动力组件830； |
| a mode shifting assembly 840; |
模式转换组件840； |
| and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 855, which is similar to HYTORC® Z® Socket 15. |
双驱动输出与反应插座组件855，类似于HYTORC ®Z ®插座15。 |
| [0224] |
[0224] |
| Tools 10F and 10G include a turning force multiplication mechanism with either one or a plurality of gear stages. |
工具10F和10G包括具有一个或多个齿轮级的旋转力倍增机构。 |
| A vibration force mechanism includes: a turning force impaction mechanism having a hammer and an anvil; |
一种振动力机构，包括：具有锤和砧的转动力冲击机构； |
| and an intermittent force mechanism 860 of either: an ultrasonic force mechanism including an ultrasonic force transmitter; |
间歇性施力机构860，包括超声波力传送器； |
| a mass imbalance force mechanism including a mass imbalance force transmitter; |
质量不平衡力机构，包括质量不平衡力传送器； |
| or any other time-varying disturbance (load, displacement, turn or velocity) mechanism including a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement, turn or velocity) force transmitter. |
或包括时变干扰（负载，位移，转向或速度）力传送器的任何其他时变干扰（负载，位移，转向或速度）机构。 |
| Tool 10F represents a modified HYTORC® THRILL® Gun including intermittent force mechanism 860. |
工具10F表示改进的HYTORC ®THRILL ®枪，包括间歇力机构860。 |
| Tool 10G represents a modified HYTORC® Z® Gun including intermittent force mechanism 860. |
工具10G表示包括间歇力机构860的改进的HYTORC ®Z ®枪。 |
| [0225] |
[0225] |
| Referring to FIG. 22A by way of example, this shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention as tool 10H, a power tool for gall-minimized tightening, loosening or both tightening and loosening of an industrial threaded fastener 901 of the kind having a stud and a nut threadedly engageable with the stud. |
参照图22A，通过示例的方式，该图示出了本发明的一个实施例的剖视图，该实施例为工具10H，用于最小化磨损的拧紧，松开或拧紧和松开的动力工具，该类型的工业螺纹紧固件901具有螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母。 |
| Tool 10H includes: a drive input and output assembly 910; |
工具10H包括：驱动输入和输出组件910； |
| a turning force multiplication assembly 920; |
转动力倍增组件920； |
| a vibration force assembly 960; |
振动力组件960； |
| a mode shifting assembly 940; |
模式转换组件940； |
| and a drive output socket and reaction arm assembly 950. |
以及驱动输出插座和反应臂组件950。 |
| [0226] |
[0226] |
| Referring to FIG. 22B by way of example, this shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention as tool 10I. |
参照图22B，作为示例，其示出了作为工具10I的本发明实施例的剖视图。 |
| Tools 10H and 10I are similar as noted by duplication of reference numbers. |
工具10H和10I类似，如附图标记重复所示。 |
| Tool 10I is a reaction arm-free power tool for gall-minimized tightening, loosening or both tightening and loosening of an industrial threaded fastener 901 of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, such as, for example, HYTORC® Z® Washer 1, a stud and a nut threadedly engageable with the stud. |
工具10I是无作用臂的动力工具，其用于使具有同轴作用表面（例如HYTORC ®Z ®Washer1），螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母的类型的工业螺纹紧固件901的磨损最小化的紧固，松开或者紧固和松开。 |
| Tool 101 includes: a drive input and output assembly 910; |
工具101包括：驱动输入和输出组件910； |
| a turning force multiplication assembly 920; |
转动力倍增组件920； |
| a vibration force assembly 960; |
振动力组件960； |
| a mode shifting assembly 950; |
模式转换组件950； |
| and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 955, which is similar to HYTORC® Z® Socket 15. |
双驱动输出与反应插座组件955，类似于HYTORC ®Z ®插座15。 |
| [0227] |
[0227] |
| Tools 10H and 10I include a turning force multiplication mechanism with either one or a plurality of gear stages. |
工具10H和10I包括具有一个或多个齿轮级的旋转力倍增机构。 |
| A vibration force mechanism 960 includes either: an ultrasonic force mechanism including an ultrasonic force transmitter; |
振动力机构960包括：超声波力机构，其包括超声波力传送器； |
| a mass imbalance force mechanism including a mass imbalance force transmitter; |
质量不平衡力机构，包括质量不平衡力传送器； |
| or any other time-varying disturbance (load, displacement, turn or velocity) mechanism including a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement, turn or velocity) force transmitter. |
或包括时变干扰（负载，位移，转向或速度）力传送器的任何其他时变干扰（负载，位移，转向或速度）机构。 |
| Tool 10H represents a modified HYTORC® jGUN® Dual Speed Plus including intermittent force mechanism 960. |
工具10H表示改进的HYTORC ®jGUN ®双速加，包括间歇力机构960。 |
| Tool 101 represents a modified HYTORC® jGUN® Dual Speed Plus including intermittent force mechanism 960 and dual drive output and reaction socket assembly 955, which is similar to HYTORC® Z® Socket 15. |
工具101表示改进的HYTORC ®JGUN ®双速插件，包括间歇力机构960和双驱动输出和反应插座组件955，其类似于HYTORC ®Z ®插座15。 |
| [0228] |
[0228] |
| Further to tools 10A, 10B, 10G and 10I the drive socket is operatively connected with the nut. |
对于工具10A，10B，10G和10I，传动套节与螺母可操作地连接。 |
| The reaction socket may be operatively connected to the housing and the coaxial reaction surface during the higher resistance torque mode to transfer a reaction force to the coaxial reaction surface. |
在较高阻力矩模式期间，作用插座可操作地连接到壳体和同轴作用表面，以将作用力传递到同轴作用表面。 |
| Alternatively the reaction socket may be either operatively connected to the housing and the coaxial reaction surface or operatively connected to the housing and operatively disconnected from the coaxial reaction surface during either the lower resistance torque mode or the intermittent force mode. |
可替换地，在低阻力矩模式或间歇力模式期间，作用插座可以可操作地连接到壳体和同轴作用表面，或者可操作地连接到壳体并可操作地从同轴作用表面断开。 |
| The drive socket is shown as an inner socket and the reaction socket is shown as an outer socket. |
驱动插口被示为内插口，而反应插口被示为外插口。 |
| [0229] |
[0229] |
| The following discussion relates to tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I. |
下面的讨论涉及工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I。 |
| Note that for ease of description any reference to a “nut” or “fastener” includes the possibility of: a stud-head attached to a stud; |
注意，为了便于描述，对“螺母”或“紧固件”的任何引用包括以下可能性：双头螺栓头连接到双头螺栓； |
| a nut and a washer on and/or over a stud; |
在螺柱上和/或上方的螺母和垫圈； |
| a stud-head attached to stud and a washer over the stud. |
连接到螺柱的螺柱头和螺柱上方的垫圈。 |
| Note that any suitable fastener geometry may be used with the present invention, such as, for example: an alien key connection; |
注意，本发明可以使用任何合适的紧固件几何形状，例如：外键连接； |
| a socket shoulder screw (“SSC”) head; |
插口带肩螺钉（“SSC ”）头； |
| a socket head button screw (“SHBS”) head; |
套筒头按钮螺钉（“SHBS ”）头； |
| a hex head cap screw (“HHCS”) head; |
六角头帽螺钉（“HHCS ”）头； |
| a round head slotted screw (“RHSS”) head; |
圆头开槽螺钉（“RHSS ”）头； |
| a flat head torx screw (“FHTS”) head; |
平头Torx 螺钉（“FHTS ”）头； |
| a socket set screw (“SSS”) head; |
套筒固定螺钉（“SSS ”）头； |
| or a socket head cap screw “(SHCS”) head. |
或“插座头盖螺丝”（SHCS ）头。 |
| [0230] |
[0230] |
| These discussions describe the coaxial reaction surface as a washer. |
这些讨论将同轴反应表面描述为垫圈。 |
| In some instances, however, the washer may be formed either integral with or bonded to a joint to be tightened or loosened. |
然而，在一些情况下，垫圈可以与要被紧固或松开的接头形成为一体或结合到该接头。 |
| In other instances the coaxial reaction surface is a portion of the stud extending beyond the nut. |
在其它情况下，同轴反应表面是延伸超过螺母的螺柱的一部分。 |
| In still other instances a coaxial reaction arm may abut against a viable and accessible stationary object for gall-minimized tightening and loosening. |
在另一些情况下，同轴反应臂可抵靠可行的且可接近的固定物体，以实现磨损最小化的紧固和松开。 |
| [0231] |
[0231] |
| Z®-Squirter® Washer. |
Z ®-水®洗涤器。 |
| FIG. 23A is a top view and FIG. 23B is a bottom view of hybrid Z®-direct tension indicating, or Z®-Squirter®, Washer 2301. |
图23A是混合Z ®-直接张力指示，或Z ®-Squirter ®，洗涤器2301的顶视图，图23B是底视图。 |
| Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 has similar characteristics to Washer 1 shown in previous FIGs. of the present application and similar characteristics to the direct tension indicating washers disclosed in the following U.S. patents issued to Applied Bolting Technology Products, Inc., entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,769,581, 5,931,618, 6,425,718 and 8,002,641. |
Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301具有与本申请的前述附图中所示的洗涤器1相似的特征，以及与直接张力指示洗涤器相似的特征，所述直接张力指示洗涤器公开在以下美国专利中：颁发给AppliedBoltingTechnologyProducts ，Inc.，其完整副本在此引入作为参考，美国专利号5，769，581，5，931，618，6，425，718和8，002，641。 |
| [0232] |
[0232] |
| Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 includes protuberances 2312, having a height N23C, are formed on a first surface 2314 and corresponding indentations 2316 are formed on a second surface 2318. |
Z ®-方形®洗涤器2301包括高度为N23C的凸起2312，其形成在第一表面2314上，相应的凹槽2316形成在第二表面2318上。 |
| FIG. 23C is a cross-sectional view of Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 taken along line 2314 of FIG. 23A and FIG. 23D is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 23C. |
图23C是Z ®-®洗涤器2301沿图23A的线2314的横截面图，图23D是图23C的一部分的放大图。 |
| Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 also includes channels 2362 that extend from each indentation 2316 to an outer edge of second surface 2318. |
Z ®-方形®洗涤器2301还包括通道2362，其从每个凹槽2316延伸到第二表面2318的外边缘。 |
| Indentation 2316 is filled with an indicating material 2364 as shown in detail in FIG. 23D. |
缺口2316填充有指示材料2364，如图23D详细所示。 |
| Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 is manufactured in a process similar to the direct tension indicating washers disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,769,581, 5,931,618, 6,425,718 and 8,002,641. |
Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301以类似于美国专利5，769，581，5，931，618，6，425，718和8，002，641中公开的直接张力指示洗涤器的方法制造。 |
| For example, a tool and die are used to stamp protuberances 2312, indentations 2316 and channels 2362 into Z® Washer 1. |
例如，使用工具和模具将凸起2312，凹陷2316和通道2362压印到Z ®洗涤器1中。 |
| Other processes, such as metal machining or metal casting may be used to form Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301. |
其它工艺，例如金属机械加工或金属铸造可用于形成Z ®-®洗涤器2301。 |
| In some cases, the metal product will be heat treated by quenching and tempering after forming to produce spring-like load/deformation properties. |
在一些情况下，金属产品将在成形之后通过淬火和回火进行热处理以产生类似弹簧的负载/变形性质。 |
| In an exemplary embodiment, Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 is made from carbon steel, but stainless steel, nonferrous metals, and other alloy products may also be used. |
在示例性实施例中，Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301由碳钢制成，但是也可以使用不锈钢，有色金属和其它合金产品。 |
| Indicating material 2364 is an extrudable, elastomeric solid material such as colored silicone. |
指示材料2364是可挤出的弹性固体材料，例如有色硅树脂。 |
| [0233] |
[0233] |
| FIGS. 24A-24F illustrate the state of Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 as a bolt 2350, having a radius similar to R1V, is tightened on Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301. |
图24A-24F示出了Z ®-®洗涤器2301的状态，其中具有类似于RIV 的半径的螺栓2350紧固在Z ®-®洗涤器2301上。 |
| FIG. 24A shows the placement of Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 adjacent to a bolt head 2350 which is threaded to a nut 2352 (not shown). |
图24A显示了Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301邻近螺栓头2350的位置，该螺栓头与螺母2352（未显示）螺纹连接。 |
| The conditions shown in FIG. 24A are identified as stage 1 where bolt 2350 is at rest. |
图24A所示的状态被标识为阶段1，其中螺栓2350静止。 |
| As bolt 2350 is tightened, the bottom of the bolt head contacts protuberances 2312 and begins to compress protuberances 2312 towards first surface 2314 as shown in FIG. 24B. |
当螺栓2350被拧紧时，螺栓头的底部接触突起2312并开始将突起2312压向第一表面2314，如图24B所示。 |
| At this state, identified as stage 2, protuberances 2312′ on first surface 2314 are slightly compressed, having a height H24B. |
在该状态下，如阶段2所示，第一表面2314上的凸起2312′被轻微压缩，具有高度H24B。 |
| FIG. 24C is an enlarged view of one of indentations 2316 illustrating that the force exerted by protuberance 2312′ forces indicating material 2364′ into channel 2362. |
图24C是凹痕2316之一的放大视图，示出了由突起施加的力迫使指示材料′进入通道2362。 |
| As bolt 2350 is further tightened, protuberances 2312 are compressed and tightening is discontinued when a height H of protuberances 2312″ is at or below a predetermined height H24D. |
当螺栓2350被进一步拧紧时，突起2312被压缩，并且当突起′′的高度H 处于或低于预定高度H24D时，停止拧紧。 |
| At this point, the bolt installer knows that the bolt tension is equal to or greater than the required minimum. |
此时，螺栓安装者知道螺栓张力等于或大于所需的最小值。 |
| This state is identified as stage 3 and is shown in FIG. 24D. |
该状态被标识为阶段3并在图24D中示出。 |
| FIG. 24E shows protuberances 2312 as compared to protuberances 2312″. |
图24E示出了凸起2312与凸起′′的比较。 |
| FIG. 24F is an enlarged view of one of indentations 2316 illustrating that the force exerted by protuberance 2312″ forces indicating material 2364″ through channel 2362. |
图24F是凹痕2316之一的放大图，示出了由隆起2312施加的力迫使指示材料′′通过通道2362。 |
| The bolt installer also knows that the bolt tension is equal to or greater than the required minimum once indicating material 2364″ is forced through channel 2362; |
一旦指示材料′′被强制通过通道2362，螺栓安装者还知道螺栓张力等于或大于所需的最小值； |
| indicating material 2364″ is visible on the surface of the bolting application. |
指示材料′′在栓接应用的表面上是可见的。 |
| [0234] |
[0234] |
| Generally the Z®-Squirter® Washer 2301 will serve as a reaction point for torqueing as well as a load indicating appliance in one. |
通常，Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器2301将用作扭转的反应点以及一个中的负载指示装置。 |
| It includes the following characteristics and/or benefits: consists of a hardened steel alloy or other resistant material; |
其包括以下特征和/或益处：由硬化钢合金或其它耐蚀材料组成； |
| provides a firm surface upon which a threaded nut or bolt head can turn; |
提供带螺纹的螺母或螺栓头可在其上转动的牢固表面； |
| protects the bolted joint face from embedment or damaged due to the turning and loading of the threaded nut or bolt head; |
保护螺栓连接面不因螺母或螺栓头的车削和加载而嵌入或损坏； |
| distributes the resulting clamping force in the bolt over a larger area than that of the nut or bolt head alone; |
使螺栓中的最终夹紧力分布在比单独的螺母或螺栓头更大的区域上； |
| has outer engagement features which can engage a mating socket or similar fixture connected to a torqueing tool for the purpose of providing a point against which the socket or fixture, and therefore the torqueing tool can react; |
外部接合部件，该外部接合部件能够接合连接到扭转工具的配合插座或类似的固定件，以提供插座或固定件能够作用的点； |
| has a roughened or machined bottom surface which fits next to the joint and when compressed provides sufficient friction resistance to resist any torque induced into the nut or bolt; |
具有糙化或机械加工的底面，该底面紧挨着接头装配并且当被压缩时提供足够的摩擦阻力以抵抗引入螺母或螺栓中的任何扭矩； |
| has a smooth or low friction upper surface upon which the nut or bolt head can turn; |
具有光滑或低摩擦的上表面，螺母或螺栓头可在该上表面上转动； |
| has surface bumps or protrusions intended to flatten under a predetermined amount of compressive stress under a nut or bolt head; |
具有用于在螺母或螺栓头下的预定量的压缩应力下变平的表面凸起或突起； |
| with or without a fluid or soft rubber-like material under the bumps which can be expressed toward the outside periphery of the washer for the purpose of visually indicating the successful compression of the washer and therefore the achievement of the desired predetermined bolt load; |
在突起下方具有或不具有流体或软橡胶状材料，所述突起可朝向垫圈的外周边挤压，以便可视地指示垫圈的成功压缩并因此实现期望的预定螺栓载荷； |
| eliminates pinch points normally incident to hydraulic bolting tools using with external reaction arms thereby providing greater safety for the tool operator; |
消除了通常与使用外部作用臂的液压螺栓连接工具有关的夹点，从而为工具操作者提供了更大的安全性； |
| eliminate the difficulty of finding a suitable external reaction point for the torqueing tool improving safety and speed; |
消除了为扭矩工具找到合适的外部反应点的困难，提高了安全性和速度； |
| eliminate the deleterious effects due to side-loading and bending of bolts or other fasteners during torqueing with an external reaction arm by allowing straight axial tension to be applied; |
通过允许施加直的轴向张力，消除在与外部作用臂扭转期间由于螺栓或其它紧固件的侧向加载和弯曲而产生的有害影响； |
| works in concert with other fixtures and appurtenances to reduce torsion in an accompanying back nut; |
与其它固定件和附属件协同工作，以减小伴随的背螺母中的扭矩； |
| works in a similar fashion with so called “tensioning” tools which create bolt load through direct elongation of a bolt or stud without the use of large torque value; |
以类似的方式与所谓的“张紧”工具一起工作，该“张紧”工具通过螺栓或螺柱的直接伸长而不使用大的扭矩值来产生螺栓载荷； |
| and “squirts” or otherwise indicates that the bolt load has reached the desired level because the washer protrusions have been flattened or sufficiently compressed and the indicating material is visible. |
并且“喷出”或其它方式表示螺栓载荷已经达到所需水平，因为垫圈凸起已经变平或充分压缩，并且指示材料是可见的。 |
| [0235] |
[0235] |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assemblies. |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器和Nut 组件。 |
| An equal and opposite reaction force is generated during the torqueing process which must be transferred to a suitable reaction point, a stationary object. |
在扭转过程中产生相等且相反的作用力，该作用力必须传递到合适的作用点，即静止物体。 |
| Referring back to FIGS. 2-5, Z® Washer 1 is placed between upper surface 35 of joint 30 and bottom bearing face 38 of threaded nut 36. |
再参考图2-5，Z ®洗涤器1放置在接头30的上表面35和螺母36的底部支承面38之间。 |
| Per FIGS. 25A-25E, a Z® Washer 2501 is formed adjacent and unitary with a bottom bearing face 2538 of a threaded nut 2536. |
根据图25A-25E，Z ®洗涤器2501与螺母2536的底部支承面2538相邻并一体形成。 |
| HYTORC® Z® Washers are disclosed fully in the present application and in co-owned and co-pending PCT Patent Applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Serial No. PCT/US2014/70996, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”; |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器在本申请和共同拥有和共同未决的PCT 专利申请中充分公开，该申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：序列号PCT/US2014/70996，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“Apparatusfor Tightening ThreadedFasteners ”； |
| and/or Serial No. PCT/US2014/71000, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”. |
和/或序列号PCT/US2014/71000，申请日为2014年12月17日，名称为“用于紧固螺纹紧固件的装置”。 |
| A HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assembly 2502 includes: threaded nut 2536; |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器和螺母组件2502包括：螺纹螺母2536； |
| and reaction washer 2501 for receiving counter torque generated due to tightening or loosening of the threaded fastener. |
以及作用垫圈2501，用于接收由于拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件而产生的反扭矩。 |
| [0236] |
[0236] |
| Reaction washer 2501 includes: an outer edge 2514 having a geometric shape 2519 that allows for rotational coupling with a torque device via a dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly (not shown); |
作用垫圈2501包括：外边缘2514，其具有允许通过双驱动同轴作用和作用组件（未示出）与扭矩装置旋转联接的几何形状2519； |
| and a bottom surface 2513 having friction coefficient increasing treatments 2517 biased in areas outward from a center bore 2515. |
以及底面2513，其具有摩擦系数增大处理部2517，该摩擦系数增大处理部在从中心孔2515向外的区域中偏移。 |
| Reaction washer 2501 is releasably attached to threaded nut 2536. |
作用垫圈2501可拆卸地连接到螺母2536上。 |
| The bond between reaction washer 2501 and threaded nut 2536 breaks at or prior to a predetermined pre-torque and reaction washer 2501 becomes a suitable reaction point. |
作用垫圈2501和螺母2536之间的结合在预定的预扭矩处或之前断裂，并且作用垫圈2501变成合适的作用点。 |
| In this example reaction washer 2501 and assembly 2502 separate when the bond breaks once compression and friction forces overcomes such bond. |
在该示例中，当一旦压力和摩擦力克服这种结合而使结合断裂时，作用垫圈2501和组件2502分离。 |
| Any suitable bonding and/or connection method and/or agent may be used, such as, for example, adhesives, glues, epoxies, magnets, solvents, solders, welds, etc. |
可以使用任何合适的结合和/或连接方法和/或试剂，例如粘合剂，胶水，环氧树脂，磁体，溶剂，焊料，焊接等。 |
| Such bonding and/or connection methods and/or agents may be chosen, prepared and/or developed with specific, advantageous and repeatable characteristics to meet any bolting application. |
这样的结合和/或连接方法和/或试剂可以选择，制备和/或开发成具有特定的，有利的和可重复的特性以满足任何螺栓连接应用。 |
| Note that such combination creates a nut-washer assembly having similar advantages to that of the HYTORC NUT™. |
注意，这种组合产生了具有与HYTORCNUTTM 相似优点的螺母-垫圈组件。 |
| [0237] |
[0237] |
| Per FIGS. 26A-26D, a Z® Washer 2601 is formed adjacent and freely rotatable with a bottom bearing face 2638 of a threaded nut 2236. |
根据图26A-26D，Z ®洗涤器2601邻近底部支承面2638形成并可与螺母2236自由旋转。 |
| HYTORC® Z® Washers are disclosed fully in the present application and in co-owned and co-pending PCT Patent Applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Serial No. PCT/US2014/70996, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”; |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器在本申请和共同拥有和共同未决的PCT 专利申请中充分公开，该申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：序列号PCT/US2014/70996，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“Apparatusfor Tightening ThreadedFasteners ”； |
| and/or Serial No. PCT/US2014/71000, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”. |
和/或序列号PCT/US2014/71000，申请日为2014年12月17日，名称为“用于紧固螺纹紧固件的装置”。 |
| A HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assembly 2602 includes: threaded nut 2636; |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器和螺母组件2602包括：螺纹螺母2636； |
| and reaction washer 2601 for receiving counter torque generated due to tightening or loosening of the threaded fastener. |
以及作用垫圈2601，用于接收由于拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件而产生的反扭矩。 |
| [0238] |
[0238] |
| Reaction washer 2601 includes: an outer edge 2614 having a geometric shape 2619 that allows for rotational coupling with a torque device via a dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly (not shown); |
作用垫圈2601包括：外边缘2614，其具有允许通过双驱动同轴作用和作用组件（未示出）与扭矩装置旋转联接的几何形状2619； |
| and a bottom surface 2613 having friction coefficient increasing treatments 2617 biased in areas outward from a center bore 2615. |
以及底面2613，其具有摩擦系数增大处理部2617，该摩擦系数增大处理部在从中心孔2615向外的区域中偏移。 |
| Portions of lower reaction washer 2601 adjacent center bore 2615 are removed such that a lower inner edge 2662 has a tapered surface inclined outwardly toward bottom surface 2613. |
下作用垫圈2601邻近中心孔2615的部分被去除，使得下内边缘2662具有朝向底表面2613向外倾斜的锥形表面。 |
| [0239] |
[0239] |
| Threaded nut 2636 has an outer surface 2622 with a geometric formation 2626. |
螺母2636的外表面2622具有几何结构2626。 |
| Geometric formation 2626 is also formed as a coupling means 2629 which nonrotatably engages with the action portion of the torque device. |
几何结构2626也形成为联接装置2629，该联接装置2629与扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| Portions of lower threaded nut 2636 adjacent outer surface 2622 are removed such that a lower outer edge 2663 has a tapered surface inclined outwardly and downwardly. |
下螺母2636邻近外表面2622的部分被去除，使得下外边缘2663具有向外和向下倾斜的锥形表面。 |
| In other words, bottom surface 2638 is manipulated (deformed or squeezed outwards) such as to create a lip that engages with lower inner edge 2662 of reaction washer 2601. |
换句话说，操作（变形或向外挤压）底表面2638，以形成与反应垫圈2601的下部内边缘2662接合的唇部。 |
| In other words, the nut or stud-head and the reaction washer are connected by a protrusion extending outwardly and downwardly from the bottom surface of the nut or stud-head to engage a depression extending inwardly and upwardly from the bottom surface of the reaction washer. |
换句话说，螺母或双头螺栓头和反应垫圈通过从螺母或双头螺栓头的底面向外和向下延伸的突起连接，以接合从反应垫圈的底面向内和向上延伸的凹陷。 |
| The engagement of assembly 2602 holds together and allows free rotation of threaded nut 2636 and reaction washer 2601. |
组件2602的接合保持在一起并允许螺母2636和反应垫圈2601自由旋转。 |
| [0240] |
[0240] |
| Free rotation between reaction washer 2601 and threaded nut 2636 ceases at or prior to a predetermined pre-torque and reaction washer 2601 becomes a suitable reaction point. |
作用垫圈2601和螺母2636之间的自由旋转在预定的预扭矩时或之前停止，并且作用垫圈2601变成合适的作用点。 |
| In this example free rotation between reaction washer 2601 and threaded nut 2636 ceases once compression and friction forces overcome such connection. |
在该示例中，一旦压缩和摩擦力克服这种连接，作用垫圈2601和螺母2636之间的自由旋转就停止。 |
| [0241] |
[0241] |
| Any suitable connection method and/or structure may be used. |
可以使用任何合适的连接方法和/或结构。 |
| For example, o-rings may be used. |
例如，可以使用O 形环。 |
| In one embodiment, a plastic o-ring shears away at or prior to the pre-determined pre-torque. |
在一个实施例中，塑料O 形环在预定的预扭矩时或之前剪断。 |
| In another embodiment, a rubber o-ring creates an interference fit that is overcome at or prior to the pre-determined pre-torque. |
在另一实施例中，橡胶O 形环产生干涉配合，该干涉配合在预定的预扭矩时或之前被克服。 |
| In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 27A-27D, the connection structure is formed as deformable press-fit tabs which creates an interference fit that is overcome at or prior to the pre-determined pre-torque. |
在另一实施例中，如图27A-27D所示，连接结构形成为可变形的压配合片，该压配合片产生在预定的预扭矩时或之前克服的干涉配合。 |
| Such methods and/or structures may be chosen, prepared and/or developed with specific, advantageous and repeatable characteristics to meet any bolting application. |
这些方法和/或结构可以选择，制备和/或开发成具有特定的，有利的和可重复的特性，以满足任何螺栓连接应用。 |
| A HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assembly 2702 includes: threaded nut 2736; |
HYTORC ®Z ®洗涤器和螺母组件2702包括：螺纹螺母2736； |
| and reaction washer 2701 for receiving counter torque generated due to tightening or loosening of the threaded fastener. |
以及作用垫圈2701，用于接收由于拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件而产生的反扭矩。 |
| Note that such combinations create a nut-washer assembly having similar advantages to that of the HYTORC NUT™. |
注意，这种组合产生了具有与HYTORCNUTTM 相似优点的螺母-垫圈组件。 |
| [0242] |
[0242] |
| Reaction washers 2501, 2601, 2701 and/or any reasonable variation thereof may be used as suitable reaction points during tightening and or loosening of threaded fasteners when used with apparatus 2502, 2602, 2702 and/or any reasonable variation thereof. |
作用垫圈2501，2601，2701和/或其任何合理的变型可在与装置2502，2602，2702和/或其任何合理的变型一起使用时在拧紧和/或松开螺纹紧固件期间用作合适的作用点。 |
| Friction coefficient increasing treatments 2517, 2617, 2717 and/or any reasonable variation thereof may include either: roughenings; |
摩擦系数增加处理2517，2617，2717和/或其任何合理的变化可以包括：粗糙化； |
| polygonal surfaces; |
多边形表面； |
| splines; |
花键； |
| knurls; |
压花； |
| spikes; |
刺； |
| grooves; |
凹槽； |
| slots; |
插槽； |
| protruding points or corners; |
凸点或角； |
| other such projections; |
其它这样的突起； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| They may be formed by either: knurling; |
它们可以通过滚花形成； |
| sanding; |
砂光； |
| blasting; |
爆破； |
| milling; |
磨粉； |
| machining; |
机加工； |
| forging; |
锻造； |
| casting; |
浇注； |
| forming; |
成型； |
| shaping; |
整形； |
| roughing; |
粗加工； |
| stamping; |
冲压； |
| engraving; |
雕刻； |
| punching; |
冲孔； |
| bending; |
折弯； |
| relieving washer material near the center bore; |
对中心孔附近的垫圈材料进行泄压； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| Such friction coefficient increasing treatments may be distributed evenly across lower surfaces 2513, 2613, 2713 and/or any reasonable variation thereof and/or or located away from the radius of center bores 2515, 2615, 2715 and/or any reasonable variation thereof. |
这种增加摩擦系数的处理可以均匀地分布在下表面2513，2613，2713和/或其任何合理的变化上，和/或远离中心孔2515，2615，2715的半径和/或其任何合理的变化。 |
| They may be formed either: singularly; |
它们可以单独形成； |
| randomly; |
随机； |
| in an array; |
在阵列中； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| These reaction washers have an effective friction radius greater than an effective friction radius of threaded nuts 2536, 2636, 2736 and/or any reasonable variation thereof. |
这些作用垫圈的有效摩擦半径大于螺母2536，2636，2736和/或其任何合理的变化的有效摩擦半径。 |
| [0243] |
[0243] |
| Generally, reaction washers 2501, 2601, 2701 and/or any reasonable variation thereof and threaded nuts 2536, 2636, 2736 and/or any reasonable variation thereof may be held together in any predictably deforming way to prevent unintended disassembly of assemblies 2502, 2602, 2702 and/or any reasonable variation thereof. |
通常，作用垫圈2501，2601，2701和/或其任何合理的变型以及螺母2536，2636，2736和/或其任何合理的变型可以以任何可预测的变形方式保持在一起，以防止组件2502，2602，2702和/或其任何合理的变型的意外拆卸。 |
| [0244] |
[0244] |
| Advantageously, reaction washer-threaded nut assemblies 2502, 2602, 2702 and/or any reasonable variation thereof of the present invention increase bolting speed, efficiency, reliability, repeatability and safety through: control over the nut geometry used with particular reaction washers; |
有利地，本发明的反应垫圈-螺纹螺母组件2502，2602，2702和/或其任何合理的变型通过控制与特定反应垫圈一起使用的螺母几何形状来提高螺栓连接速度，效率，可靠性，可重复性和安全性； |
| control over the reaction washer used with particular stud and/or thread sizes; |
控制与特定螺柱和/或螺纹尺寸一起使用的反应垫圈； |
| and prevention of lost components. |
以及防止部件损失。 |
| [0245] |
[0245] |
| Tapered Fastener Assembly. |
锥形紧固件组件。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 28A-28C by way of example, this shows an apparatus 2801-a stepped conical fastener assembly-in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. |
参照作为示例的图28A-28C，其示出了根据本发明实施例的设备2801-阶梯式锥形紧固件组件。 |
| Apparatus 2801 has an inner sleeve member 2810 and an outer sleeve member 2820 and is used with, by way of example, a threaded stud 2830. |
装置2801具有内套筒构件2810和外套筒构件2820，并且例如与螺纹螺柱2830一起使用。 |
| Inner sleeve member 2810 is rotatably and threadedly engagable with stud 2830; |
内套筒元件2810可旋转地和螺纹地与螺柱2830接合； |
| rotatably and taperedly engagable with outer sleeve member 2820; |
与外套筒构件2820可旋转且锥形地接合； |
| and non-rotatably engagable with an action portion of a torque input device. |
以及与转矩输入装置的作用部不可旋转地接合。 |
| Outer sleeve member 2820 is non-rotatably engagable with a reaction portion of the torque input device; |
外套筒构件2820与转矩输入装置的作用部不可旋转地接合； |
| and rotatably and taperedly engagable with inner sleeve member 2810. |
以及与内套筒构件2810可旋转且锥形地接合。 |
| Inner sleeve member 2810, when rotated by the action portion of the torque input device, applies a load to stud 2830 to close a joint (not shown). |
当内套筒构件2810被扭矩输入装置的作用部分旋转时，其向螺柱2830施加载荷以闭合接头（未示出）。 |
| [0246] |
[0246] |
| Inner sleeve member 2810 is an annular body and, as shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, formed as a sleeve. |
内套筒元件2810是环形体，如图28A和28B所示，形成为套筒。 |
| It has an inner surface 2811 with an inner helical thread means 2815 engagable with an outer surface 2831 with an outer helical thread means 2834 of stud 2830. |
其具有内表面2811，该内表面具有内部螺旋螺纹装置2815，该内部螺旋螺纹装置可与外表面2831接合，该外表面具有外部螺旋螺纹装置2834，该外部螺旋螺纹装置为螺栓2830。 |
| It has an outer surface 2812 with a cylindrical formation 2816 that is rotatably engagable with an inner surface 2821 with a cylindrical formation 2825 of outer sleeve member 2820. |
它具有外表面2812，该表面具有圆柱形结构2816，该圆柱形结构可旋转地与内表面2821接合，该内表面具有圆柱形结构2825，该圆柱形结构具有外套筒件2820。 |
| It further has a lower surface 2814 that is rotatably engagable with inner surface 2821. |
它还具有下表面2814，其可旋转地与内表面2821接合。 |
| [0247] |
[0247] |
| Cylindrical formation 2816 is shaped as an inverted frustum of a stepped cone that has a tapered or conical appearance from the bottom up. |
圆柱形构造2816成形为从底部向上具有锥形或圆锥形外观的阶梯式圆锥的倒置平截头体。 |
| Each step on outer surface 2812 is progressively smaller from top to bottom. |
外表面2812上的每个台阶从顶部到底部逐渐变小。 |
| An external hollow cylindrical feature is removed from the outside of inner sleeve member 2810 at a shallow depth. |
外部中空圆柱形特征在浅深度处从内套筒构件2810的外部去除。 |
| Successive external hollow cylindrical features are removed at regular length and width intervals. |
以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的外部中空圆柱形特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed external cylindrical features continues until space restricts the addition of another internal cylindrical feature. |
被去除的外圆柱特征的几何图案继续，直到空间限制另一个内圆柱特征的添加。 |
| [0248] |
[0248] |
| Inner sleeve member 2810 further has an upper surface 2813 with a coupling means 2817 which may be formed by a plurality of bores extending in an axial direction and spaced from one another in a circumferential direction. |
内套筒元件2810还具有上表面2813，该上表面具有联接装置2817，该联接装置2817可由多个沿轴向延伸并沿圆周方向彼此隔开的孔形成。 |
| Coupling means 2817 non-rotatably engages with the action portion of the torque input device. |
联接装置2817不可旋转地与转矩输入装置的作用部分接合。 |
| [0249] |
[0249] |
| Outer sleeve member 2820 is an annular body and, as shown in FIG. 28B, formed as a sleeve. |
外套筒元件2820是环形体，并且如图28B所示形成为套筒。 |
| It has inner surface 2821 with cylindrical formation 2825 that is rotatably engagable with an outer surface 2812 with cylindrical formation 2816 of inner sleeve member 2810. |
它具有内表面2821，该内表面具有圆柱形结构2825，该圆柱形结构可旋转地与外表面2812接合，该外表面具有圆柱形结构2816，该圆柱形结构具有内套筒元件2810。 |
| Outer sleeve member 2820 has an outer surface 2822 with a coupling means 2827. |
外套筒构件2820具有外表面2822，其具有联接装置2827。 |
| Coupling means 2827 is formed by a plurality of outer spines extending in an axial direction and spaced from one another in a circumferential direction. |
连接装置2827由多个在轴向上延伸并在圆周方向上彼此隔开的外主干形成。 |
| Coupling means 2827 non-rotatably engages with inner spines of a reaction portion of the torque input device. |
联接装置2827不可旋转地与转矩输入装置的作用部的内脊部接合。 |
| [0250] |
[0250] |
| Cylindrical formation 2825 is shaped as a frustum of a stepped cone that has a tapered or conical appearance from the top down. |
圆柱形构造2825成形为从上到下具有锥形或圆锥形外观的阶梯状圆锥的平截头体。 |
| Each step on inner surface 2821 is progressively smaller from top to bottom. |
内表面2821上的每个台阶从顶部到底部逐渐变小。 |
| An internal cylindrical feature is removed from the inside of outer sleeve member 2820 at a shallow depth. |
在较浅深度处从外套筒构件2820的内部去除内部圆柱形特征。 |
| Successive internal cylindrical features are removed at regular length and width intervals. |
以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的内圆柱特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed internal cylindrical features continues until space restricts the addition of another internal cylindrical feature. |
被去除的内圆柱特征的几何图案继续，直到空间限制另一个内圆柱特征的添加。 |
| [0251] |
[0251] |
| Stud 2830 has a cylindrical shape with outer helical thread means 2834 for mating with inner helical thread means 2815 of inner sleeve 2810. |
螺柱2830具有圆柱形形状，其具有外螺纹装置2834，用于与内套筒2810的内螺纹装置2815配合。 |
| An end 2832 of stud 2830 has a coupling means 2833 which may be formed by a polygonal formation 2835, which in this case is a hexagon shape. |
柱栓2830的端部2832具有联接装置2833，该联接装置可由多边形结构2835形成，该多边形结构在这种情况下为六边形。 |
| Polygonal formation 2835 allows for rotational coupling with the torque input device. |
多边形构造2835允许与扭矩输入装置旋转联接。 |
| [0252] |
[0252] |
| The stepped conical fastener geometry of apparatus 2801 creates tensile load in stud 2830 by the mechanical sliding action through the helical inclined plane between stud threads 2834 and inner sleeve member threads 2815. |
装置2801的阶梯状锥形紧固件几何形状在柱栓2830中通过柱栓螺纹2834和内套筒构件螺纹2815之间的螺旋倾斜平面的机械滑动作用产生拉伸载荷。 |
| The torque input device applies rotation under torque to inner sleeve member coupling means 2817 while reacting the torque on outer sleeve member external splines 2827 to create the sliding helical thread action. |
扭矩输入装置在内套筒构件联接装置2817上施加扭矩作用下的旋转，同时在外套筒构件外花键2827上作用扭矩以产生滑动螺旋螺纹作用。 |
| As outer surface 2812 and inner surface 2821 are substantially smooth, outer sleeve member 2820 remains static while inner sleeve member 2820 rotates. |
由于外表面2812和内表面2821基本上是光滑的，外套筒构件2820在内套筒构件2820旋转时保持静止。 |
| The reaction element of the torque input device is rotationally coupled with end 2832 of stud 2830 by coupling means 2833. |
扭矩输入装置的作用元件与螺柱2830的端部2832通过联接装置2833可旋转地联接。 |
| This prevents rotation of stud 2830 and allows the relative sliding action between inner sleeve member threads 2815 and studs threads 2834. |
这防止螺柱2830的旋转，并允许内套筒构件螺纹2815和螺柱螺纹2834之间的相对滑动。 |
| Stud translation occurs in proportion to the resistance against such translation as the torque input device continually applies torque to inner sleeve member 2810 while reacting on outer sleeve member external splines 2827 and being rotationally coupled with stud 2830 by coupling means 2833. |
当扭矩输入装置连续地将扭矩施加到内套筒构件2810上，同时作用在外套筒构件的外花键2827上并与螺柱2830通过联接装置2833旋转联接时，螺柱平移与抵抗这种平移的阻力成比例地发生。 |
| [0253] |
[0253] |
| Inner sleeve member coupling means 2817 may be formed by any suitable geometry or used with other means or features for rotationally coupling with the torque input device such as gear teeth, hex, double hex, castellation or any other common geometry that allows rotational coupling. |
内套筒构件联接装置2817可由任何合适的几何形状形成，或与用于与扭矩输入装置旋转联接的其它装置或特征一起使用，例如齿轮齿，六角形，双六角形，城堡形或允许旋转联接的任何其它常见几何形状。 |
| One possible alternative is hex geometry shown in FIG. 29A as 2947. |
一种可能的替代方案是图29A中显示为2947的六角形几何形状。 |
| [0254] |
[0254] |
| Outer sleeve member coupling means 2826 may be formed by any suitable geometry or used with other means or features for rotationally coupling with the torque input device such as gear teeth, hex, double hex, castellation or any other common geometry that allows rotational coupling. |
外套筒构件联接装置2826可由任何合适的几何形状形成，或与用于与扭矩输入装置旋转联接的其它装置或特征一起使用，例如齿轮齿，六角形，双六角形，城堡形或允许旋转联接的任何其它常见几何形状。 |
| One possible alternative is hex geometry shown in FIG. 29B as 2956. |
一种可能的替代方案是图29B中显示为2956的六角形几何形状。 |
| [0255] |
[0255] |
| Note that the quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals of removed external (inner sleeve member 2810) and internal (outer sleeve member 2820) cylindrical features may vary to optimize characteristics of apparatus 2801, such as, for example, stress biasing, depending on the application. |
注意，被去除的外部（内套筒构件2810）和内部（外套筒构件2820）圆柱形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔可以变化，以优化设备2801的特性，例如应力偏置，这取决于应用。 |
| [0256] |
[0256] |
| FIG. 28B shows inner sleeve member 2810 with four external cylindrical features removed at regular length and width intervals. |
图28B示出了具有以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除的四个外部圆柱形特征的内套筒构件2810。 |
| FIG. 28B shows outer sleeve member 2820 with four internal cylindrical features removed at regular length and width intervals. |
图28B示出了具有以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除的四个内圆柱特征的外套筒构件2820。 |
| As shown in FIG. 29C, varying the quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals from one removed external and internal cylindrical feature to the next varies the nominal angles, step heights and step widths of an outer surface 2962 with a cylindrical formation 2966 and an inner surface 2961 with a cylindrical formation 2965. |
如图29C所示，改变从一个去除的外部和内部圆柱形特征到下一个去除的外部和内部圆柱形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔改变外表面2962与圆柱形构造2966和内表面2961与圆柱形构造2965的标称角度，台阶高度和台阶宽度。 |
| Alternatively, the step length may be sized infinitely small to create a nearly smooth taper. |
可替换地，步长的尺寸可以无限小，以产生几乎平滑的锥形。 |
| External portions of inner sleeve member 2810 and internal portion of outer sleeve member 2820 may be removed in one step to form smooth conical surfaces, respectively. |
内套筒构件2810的外部和外套筒构件2820的内部可在一个步骤中分别去除以形成光滑的锥形表面。 |
| [0257] |
[0257] |
| FIG. 29D shows an outer surface 2972 with a cylindrical formation 2976 and an inner surface 2971 with a cylindrical formation 2975 with mating faces of varying vertical spacing, or step heights. |
图29D示出了外表面2972和内表面2971，外表面具有圆柱形结构2976，内表面具有圆柱形结构2975，圆柱形结构2975具有变化的垂直间距或台阶高度的配合面。 |
| This allows movement on selective steps only as other steps are loaded. |
这允许仅在加载其它梯级时在选择性梯级上移动。 |
| Plastic deformation allows vertical movement therefore strategically biasing stress distribution across each stepped face. |
塑性变形允许垂直运动，因此策略性地在每个阶梯面上偏压应力分布。 |
| In other words, increased clearance or spacing between mating faces of inner and outer sleeve members 2810 and 2820 allow for radial expansion during loading. |
换句话说，在内部和外部套筒元件2810和2820的配合面之间增加的间隙或间隔允许在加载期间径向膨胀。 |
| [0258] |
[0258] |
| FIG. 29E shows an outer surface 2982 with a cylindrical formation 2986 and an inner surface 2981 with a cylindrical formation 2985 with mating faces of varying step face angles. |
图29E示出了外表面2982，其具有圆柱形结构2986和内表面2981，其具有圆柱形结构2985，圆柱形结构2985具有不同台阶面角的配合面。 |
| This promotes more evenly and controlled biasing stress distribution across the steps. |
这促进了跨台阶的更均匀和受控的偏置应力分布。 |
| In other words, either or both inner and outer sleeve members 2810 and 2820 may have stepped vertical surfaces with varying pitch angles to bias stress to selective horizontal stepped surfaces. |
换句话说，内套筒构件2810和外套筒构件2820中的一个或两个可具有阶梯式垂直表面，该阶梯式垂直表面具有变化的螺旋角以将应力偏置到选择性的水平阶梯表面。 |
| [0259] |
[0259] |
| FIG. 29F shows outer sleeve member 2820 having internal features at bottom that couple with similar mating external features added to stud 2830. |
图29F示出了在底部具有内部特征的外套筒构件2820，所述内部特征与添加到螺柱2830上的类似配合外部特征耦合。 |
| These may include splines, knurls, hex, slots, double hex or other geometry. |
这些可包括花键，滚花，六角形，槽，双六角形或其它几何形状。 |
| They allow axial translation of stud 2830 but couple rotational movement of outer sleeve member 2820 and stud 2830. |
它们允许柱螺栓2830的轴向平移，但连接外套筒构件2820和柱螺栓2830的旋转运动。 |
| Both coupling means 2833 formed of polygonal formation 2835 and the necessity to couple this hex with the reaction member of the torque input device are no longer necessary. |
联接装置2833由多边形结构2835形成，并且不再需要将该六角形件与转矩输入装置的作用构件联接。 |
| Internal spline 2998 and mating external spline 2999 form a spline interface between outer sleeve member 2820 and stud 2830, respectively. |
内花键2998和配合的外花键2999分别形成外套筒构件2820和螺柱2830之间的花键界面。 |
| [0260] |
[0260] |
| In standard bolting industry terms, apparatus 2801 includes a nut (inner sleeve member 2810) and a washer (outer sleeve member 2820). |
在标准螺栓连接工业术语中，装置2801包括螺母（内套筒构件2810）和垫圈（外套筒构件2820）。 |
| The standard bolting flat surface nut and washer interface is changed. |
改变了标准的螺栓连接平面螺母和垫圈的界面。 |
| The torque reaction point is moved upwards, as compared to conventional three-piece fasteners. |
与传统的三件式紧固件相比，扭矩作用点向上移动。 |
| Apparatus of the present invention utilize the concept of conventional three-piece fasteners, which allows for surface conditioning of the outer sleeve to prevent galling, leveraged with a conventional nut and washer arrangement, which retains radial strain such that the inner sleeve may be surface conditioned with minimal risk of fracture. |
本发明的装置利用传统三件式紧固件的概念，其允许外套筒的表面修整以防止磨损，其与传统的螺母和垫圈装置一起起杠杆作用，其保持径向应变，使得内套筒可以以最小的断裂风险进行表面修整。 |
| [0261] |
[0261] |
| Advantageously, the invention allows for an increased load bearing surface area between the inner sleeve member, which is clamped, and the outer sleeve members without increasing the overall diameter of the apparatus; |
有利地，本发明允许增加被夹紧的内套筒构件和外套筒构件之间的承载表面面积，而不增加设备的总直径； |
| a three dimensional load bearing surface area rather than a conventional two dimensional plane; |
三维承载面区域，而不是传统的二维平面； |
| more efficiently and evenly distributed load stress distribution over the load bearing surface area; |
在承载表面区域上更有效且均匀地分布载荷应力分布； |
| higher torsion strength; |
较高的扭转强度； |
| and apparatus with lower mass, dimensions and volume. |
以及具有较低质量，尺寸和体积的装置。 |
| [0262] |
[0262] |
| Tapered Torsional Coupling. |
锥形扭转联轴器。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 30A-30D by way of example, this shows an apparatus 3001 for torsionally coupling a threaded fastener 3010 and a torque input device 3002 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. |
参照作为示例的图30A-30D，其示出了根据本发明实施例的设备3001，其用于扭转地联接螺纹紧固件3010和扭矩输入装置3002。 |
| Apparatus 3001 has a first coupling member 3003 with a tapered external surface 3004 and a polygonal formation 3005; |
装置3001具有第一连接构件3003，其具有锥形外表面3004和多边形构造3005； |
| and a second coupling member 3013 having an inversely tapered internal surface 3014 and a polygonal formation 3015 non-rotatably engagable with tapered external surface 3004 of first coupling member 3003. |
以及第二联接构件3013，其具有倒锥形内表面3014和多边形构造3015，该多边形构造与第一联接构件3003的锥形外表面3004不可旋转地接合。 |
| [0263] |
[0263] |
| In other words, apparatus 3001 torsionally couples torque input device 3002 and threaded fastener 3010 of the kind having a shank 3030 with a tapered axial bore 3012 at one end. |
换句话说，装置3001扭转地连接扭矩输入装置3002和螺纹紧固件3010，该螺纹紧固件具有柄3030，该柄在一端具有锥形轴向孔3012。 |
| Apparatus 3001 includes coupling member 3003 having inversely tapered external surface 3004 non-rotatably engagable with tapered axial bore 3012. |
装置3001包括联接元件3003，该联接元件具有反向锥形外表面3004，该反向锥形外表面不可旋转地与锥形轴向孔3012接合。 |
| [0264] |
[0264] |
| Discussion related to quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals of removed external (inner sleeve member 2810) and internal (outer sleeve member 2820) cylindrical features of FIGS. 28A-10 generally applies to the quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals of removed external (first coupling member 3003) and internal (second sleeve member 3013) polygonal features of FIGS. 30A-30D. |
与图28A-10的去除的外部（内套筒构件2810）和内部（外套筒构件2820）圆柱形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔相关的讨论通常适用于图30A-30D的去除的外部（第一联结构件3003）和内部（第二套筒构件3013）多边形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔。 |
| Note that the interface between inner and outer sleeve members 2810 and 2820 is cylindrical and smooth thus allowing relative rotation. |
注意，内套筒构件2810和外套筒构件2820之间的界面是圆柱形且光滑的，从而允许相对旋转。 |
| Note, however, that the interface between first and second coupling members is polygonal and angled thus no relative rotation is possible. |
然而，注意，第一和第二连接元件之间的界面是多边形的和成角度的，因此不可能相对旋转。 |
| [0265] |
[0265] |
| A conical geometry for torsional coupling of a threaded fastener and a torque output device yields a better load stress distribution. |
用于螺纹紧固件和扭矩输出装置的扭转耦合的圆锥形几何形状产生更好的负载应力分布。 |
| The embodiment of FIGS. 30A-30D introduces a low profile coupling geometry that will allow a torsion-coupling feature on the top of a stud to be formed internally. |
图30A-30D的实施例引入了低轮廓的联接几何形状，该几何形状允许在内部形成螺柱顶部上的扭转联接特征。 |
| This distributes stresses more evenly and therefore allows for a more efficient packaging of the coupling features. |
这更均匀地分布应力，因此允许更有效地封装耦合特征。 |
| [0266] |
[0266] |
| Generally, a stepped 12-point hole in the top surface of the stud is used for torsion coupling with a three-piece mechanical stud-tensioning device and/or an apparatus for use with the stud. |
通常，在柱栓的顶表面中的阶梯状12点孔用于与三件式机械柱栓张紧装置和/或与柱栓一起使用的设备扭转连接。 |
| An internal 12-point feature is placed in the top of the stud at a shallow depth. |
内部12点特征以浅的深度设置在立柱的顶部。 |
| Successive 12-point features are progressively added at smaller 12-point sizes each at shallow depths and each starting where the preceding 12-point stopped. |
连续的12点特征以更小的12点尺寸逐渐增加，每个12点尺寸在浅的深度处，并且每个12点尺寸在前面的12点停止的地方开始。 |
| The pattern of decreasing 12-point geometry will decrease until space restricts the addition of another 12 point. |
减小12点几何形状的图案将减小，直到空间限制另外12点的增加。 |
| Advantageously, a shaft of the torque input device with external matching features for each of the steps will allow for evenly distributed stress distribution and high torsion strength while decreasing the mass and volume of the studs. |
有利地，具有用于每个台阶的外部匹配特征的扭矩输入装置的轴将允许均匀分布的应力分布和高扭转强度，同时减小柱的质量和体积。 |
| [0267] |
[0267] |
| As shown in FIGS. 31B and 31C, varying the depth and size change from one 12-point feature to the next will increase or decrease the nominal angle of the conical shape these features form. |
如图31B和31C所示，从一个12点特征到下一个12点特征改变深度和尺寸将增大或减小这些特征形成的圆锥形的标称角度。 |
| The 12-point feature can be substituted with any geometry that will prevent rotation between the two parts, such as the hex in FIG. 31A. |
12点特征可以用防止两个部分之间旋转的任何几何形状代替，例如图31A中的六角形。 |
| Additionally, the step depth can be sized infinitely small to create a smooth taper. |
另外，台阶深度的尺寸可以无限小，以形成平滑的锥形。 |
| Mixed step sizes and geometries can be used to optimize production of such a coupling. |
混合的步长和几何形状可用于优化这种耦合的生产。 |
| [0268] |
[0268] |
| Two-Part Tapered Nut Assembly. |
两件式锥形螺母组件。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 32A-32D, by way of example, these show a two-part nut assembly 3202 for use with either a stud or a bolt of a threaded fastener (not shown) and a torque device (not shown) including: a rigid inner member 3210 having an internal surface threadedly engagable with the fastener and an external surface defined by a plurality of steps that form a taper; |
参照图32A-32D，作为示例，这些图示出了用于与螺纹紧固件（未示出）和扭矩装置（未示出）的螺柱或螺栓一起使用的两件式螺母组件3202，该两件式螺母组件包括：刚性内部构件3210，该刚性内部构件3210具有可与紧固件螺纹接合的内表面和由形成锥形的多个台阶限定的外表面； |
| an outer member 3220 having an inversely tapered internal surface nonrotatably engagable with the tapered external surface of the inner member; |
外部构件3220，其具有与内部构件的锥形外表面不可旋转地接合的反向锥形内表面； |
| and wherein two-part nut assembly 3202, when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
并且其中两件式螺母组件3202在由扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时将载荷施加到螺纹紧固件。 |
| The inner member is either superficially, partially or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
内部构件表面地，部分地或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| [0269] |
[0269] |
| Inner member 3210 is a geometric body and, as shown in FIGS. 32B and 32C, formed as a threaded insert. |
内部构件3210是几何体，如图32B和32C所示，形成为螺纹插入件。 |
| It has an inner surface 3211 with an inner helical thread means 3217 engagable with an outer surface having an outer helical thread means of the stud or the bolt of the threaded fastener. |
它具有内表面3211，内螺旋螺纹装置3217可与具有螺纹紧固件的螺柱或螺栓的外螺旋螺纹装置的外表面接合。 |
| It has an outer surface 3212 with a geometric formation 3216 that is nonrotatably engagable with an inner surface 3221 having a geometric formation 3225 of outer member 3220. |
其具有外表面3212，该外表面具有几何构造3216，该几何构造与内表面3221不可旋转地接合，该内表面具有几何构造3225，即外部构件3220。 |
| Inner member 3210 further has a lower surface 3218 that is adjacent to and co-terminates with a lower surface 3230 of outer member 3220. |
内部构件3210还具有下表面3218，其与外部构件3220的下表面3230相邻并共同终止。 |
| [0270] |
[0270] |
| In this exemplary embodiment, geometric formation 3216 is shaped as a modified inverted frustum of an angled hexagonal pyramid that has a tapered or conical appearance from the bottom up. |
在该示例性实施例中，几何构造3216成形为从底部向上具有锥形或圆锥形外观的成角度的六棱锥的改进的倒置平截头体。 |
| A radius of each step on outer surface 3212 is progressively smaller from the top down. |
外表面3212上的每个台阶的半径从上到下逐渐变小。 |
| An external hollow modified hexagonal feature is removed from the outside of inner member 3210 at a relatively shallow depth. |
在相对浅的深度处从内部构件3210的外侧去除外部中空的改进的六边形特征。 |
| Successive external hollow modified hexagonal features are removed at regular length and width intervals. |
以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的外部中空修改六边形特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed external modified hexagonal features continues until space (height) restricts the addition of another such feature. |
被去除的外部修改的六边形特征的几何图案继续，直到空间（高度）限制另一个这样的特征的添加。 |
| [0271] |
[0271] |
| Inner member 3210 further has an upper surface 3213. |
内部构件3210还具有上表面3213。 |
| Upper surface 3213 may have a coupling means, similar to coupling means 2817 of stepped conical fastener assembly 2801, which would non-rotatably engage with the action portion of the torque device. |
上表面3213可具有联接装置，该联接装置类似于联接装置2817的阶梯形锥形紧固件组件2801，该联接装置将与扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| [0272] |
[0272] |
| Outer member 3220 is a geometric body and, as shown in FIGS. 32A-32C, formed as a sleeve. |
如图32A-32C所示，如图32A-32C所示，外部构件3220是几何体，并且形成为套筒。 |
| It has inner surface 3221 with a geometric formation 3225 that is nonrotatably engagable with outer surface 3212 of inner member 3210. |
其具有内表面3221，该内表面具有几何构造3225，该几何构造与内部构件3210的外表面3212不可旋转地接合。 |
| Outer member 3220 has an outer surface 3222 with a geometric formation 3226. |
外部构件3220具有外表面3222，其具有几何构造3226。 |
| Geometric formation 3226 is also formed as a coupling means 3229 which nonrotatably engages with the action portion of the torque device. |
几何结构3226也形成为联接装置3229，该联接装置3229与扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| Rotational coupling means 3229 is formed as a modified hexagonal feature in this exemplary embodiment, but may be formed with any suitable geometry. |
旋转耦合装置3229在该示例性实施例中形成为修改的六边形特征，但是可以形成为任何合适的几何形状。 |
| And it may be similar to coupling means 2827 of stepped conical fastener assembly 2801. |
并且它可以类似于连接装置2827阶梯式锥形紧固件组件2801。 |
| [0273] |
[0273] |
| In this exemplary embodiment, geometric formation 3225 is shaped as a modified frustum of an angled hexagonal pyramid that also has a tapered or conical appearance from the bottom up. |
在该示例性实施例中，几何结构3225的形状为成角度的六棱锥的修改的平截头体，其从底部向上也具有锥形或圆锥形的外观。 |
| A radius of each step on inner surface 3221 is progressively smaller from the top down. |
内表面3221上的每个台阶的半径从上到下逐渐变小。 |
| An internal modified hexagonal feature is removed from the inside of outer member 3220 at a relatively shallow depth. |
在相对浅的深度处从外部构件3220的内部去除内部修改的六边形特征。 |
| Successive internal modified hexagonal features are removed at regular length and width intervals. |
以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的内部修改的六边形特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed internal modified hexagonal features continues until space restricts the addition of another internal modified hexagonal feature. |
被去除的内部修改的六边形特征的几何图案继续，直到空间限制另一内部修改的六边形特征的添加。 |
| [0274] |
[0274] |
| More generally, outer surface 3212 of inner member 3210 and inner surface 3221 of outer member 3220 are shaped as any suitable rotational coupling means (polygonal and angled in nature), such that inner member 3210 and outer member 3220 are not relatively rotatable. |
更一般地，内部构件3212的外表面3210和外部构件3221的内表面3220成形为任何合适的旋转联接装置（本质上是多边形和成角度的），使得内部构件3210和外部构件3220不可相对旋转。 |
| Indeed the action portion of the torque device applies a load to the threaded fastener when apparatus 3202 is rotated by either inner member 3210, outer member 3220 or both inner and outer members 3210 and 3220 due to this rotational coupling. |
实际上，当装置3202由于该旋转联接而被内部构件3210，外部构件3220或内部构件3210和外部构件3220两者旋转时，扭矩装置的作用部分向螺纹紧固件施加载荷。 |
| Note that outer member 3220 substantially surrounds inner member 3210. |
注意，外部构件3220基本上围绕内部构件3210。 |
| Note that inner member 3210 and outer member 3220 may be pressed together in a predictably deforming way to prevent unintended disassembly of and/or any relaxation stemming from partially mated surfaces of apparatus 3202. |
注意，内部构件3210和外部构件3220可以以可预测的变形方式被压在一起，以防止装置3202的部分配合的表面的意外拆卸和/或任何松弛。 |
| [0275] |
[0275] |
| A geometry of a load bearing surface area between inner member 3210 and outer member 3220 allows for improved and strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase a diameter of apparatus 3202. |
内部构件3210和外部构件3220之间的承载表面区域的几何形状允许改进的和策略性地偏置的垂直和径向应力分布，而不必显著增加设备3202的直径。 |
| Geometric formations 3216 and 3225 could be shaped either as frustums of angled stepped cones for a relatively low plurality of steps or frustums of angled smooth cones for a relatively high plurality of steps. |
几何结构3216和3225可成形为用于相对较低的多个台阶的成角度的阶梯状锥体的平截头体或用于相对较高的多个台阶的成角度的平滑锥体的平截头体。 |
| Note that variable step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals may be used to achieve such benefits. |
注意，可以使用可变的步进量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔来实现这些益处。 |
| [0276] |
[0276] |
| One such modification to geometric formation 3216 includes rounded corners 3218 for improved distribution of hoop stresses from thread loading. |
对几何构造3216的一种这样的修改包括圆角3218，用于改善来自螺纹负载的环向应力的分布。 |
| Note that geometric formation 3216 may be formed with any suitable geometry. |
注意，几何构造3216可以形成为任何合适的几何形状。 |
| One modification to geometric formation 3225 includes rounded corners 3227 for improved distribution of hoop stresses from thread loading. |
对几何构型3225的一种修改包括圆角3227，用于改善来自螺纹负载的环向应力的分布。 |
| Rounded corners 3227 also accommodate rounded corners 3218 on inner member 3210. |
圆角3227还容纳圆角3218在内部构件3210上。 |
| Note that geometric formation 3225 may be formed with any suitable geometry. |
注意，几何构造3225可以形成为任何合适的几何形状。 |
| Upper surface 3213 may include an upper edge portion 3215 such as that which is shown in FIG. 32B for improved distribution of bolting stresses. |
上表面3213可包括上边缘部分3215，如图32B所示，用于改善螺栓应力的分布。 |
| Outer member 3220 further has upper surface 3223 such as that which is shown in FIG. 32B. |
外部构件3220还具有如图32B所示的上表面3223。 |
| Upper surface 3223 is slanted downward, or beveled, for improved distribution of bolting stresses. |
上表面3223向下倾斜或倾斜，以改善螺栓应力的分布。 |
| Lower surface 3230 may include a lower edge portion 3228 such as that which is shown in FIG. 32C for improved distribution of bolting stresses. |
下表面3230可包括下边缘部分3228，如图32C所示，用于改善螺栓应力的分布。 |
| [0277] |
[0277] |
| Referring to FIGS. 32C and 32D, by way of example, these show apparatus 3202 and an apparatus 3202A. |
参照图32C和32D，作为示例，它们示出了装置3202和装置3202A。 |
| The taper of inner member 3210 of apparatus 3202 increases from upper surface 3213 to lower surface 3218. |
内部构件3210的锥度从上表面3213到下表面3218逐渐增大。 |
| Likewise, the taper of outer member 3220 decreases from upper surface 3223 to lower surface 3230. |
同样，外部构件3220的锥度从上表面3223到下表面3230减小。 |
| Apparatus 3202 illustrates a preferred embodiment. |
装置3202示出了优选实施例。 |
| Conversely, the taper of inner member 3210A of apparatus 3202A decreases from an upper surface 3213A to a lower surface 3218A. |
相反，装置3202A的内部构件3210A的锥度从上表面3213A到下表面3218A减小。 |
| Likewise, the taper of an outer member 3220A increases from an upper surface 3223A to a lower surface 3230A. |
同样，外部构件3220A的锥度从上表面3223A到下表面3230A增加。 |
| FIG. 32D illustrates an alternative embodiment, which may be used in limited situations. |
图32D示出了可用于有限情况的可选实施例。 |
| Note that additional features may be included with apparatus 3202A to increase its viability. |
注意，设备3202A可以包括附加特征以增加其生存能力。 |
| One such feature may include a lip, formed on upper surface 3213A, extending radially outward to ensure that outer member 3220A remains adjacent inner member 3210A during loading. |
一个这样的特征可以包括形成在上表面3213A上的唇缘，该唇缘径向向外延伸以确保在装载过程中外部构件3220A保持与内部构件3210A相邻。 |
| [0278] |
[0278] |
| Recall that apparatus 3202 of the present invention eliminates thread galling. |
回想本发明的装置3202消除了螺纹磨损。 |
| Catastrophic fractures and load loss have previously limited use of hardening processes with threaded fasteners. |
灾难性断裂和载荷损失以前限制了对螺纹紧固件的硬化工艺的使用。 |
| Advantageously, inner member 3210 of apparatus 3202, however, is either superficially, partially or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
然而，有利的是，内部构件3210或表面地，部分地或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| Many metallurgical hardening processes may be used, such as: flame hardening; |
可以使用许多冶金硬化工艺，例如：火焰硬化； |
| induction hardening; |
感应硬化； |
| carburizing; |
渗碳； |
| boriding; |
渗硼； |
| nitriding; |
渗氮； |
| cyaniding; |
氰化； |
| carbonitridring; |
碳氮共渗； |
| ferritic nitrocarburizing; |
铁素体氮碳共渗； |
| annealing; |
退火； |
| quenching; |
淬火； |
| aging; |
陈化； |
| tempering; |
回火； |
| heat treating (differential, flame, induction, case, etc.); |
热处理（差动，火焰，感应，表层等）； |
| cold treating (cryogenic); |
冷处理（低温）； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| Cracks which would otherwise lead to catastrophic failure and/or load loss are prevented with apparatus 3202 as non-metallurigically hardened outer member 3220 substantially surrounds metallurigically hardened inner member 3210. |
设备3202防止了否则会导致灾难性故障和/或负载损失的裂纹，因为非金属硬化的外部构件3220基本上围绕着金属硬化的内部构件3210。 |
| [0279] |
[0279] |
| The stepped conical fastener geometry of apparatus 3202 creates tensile load in the stud or the bolt by the mechanical sliding action through the helical inclined plane between stud threads and inner member threads 3217. |
装置3202的阶梯状锥形紧固件几何形状通过穿过柱头螺纹和内部构件螺纹3217之间的螺旋倾斜平面的机械滑动作用在柱头或螺栓中产生拉伸载荷。 |
| The sliding helical thread action is created by using the torque device to apply rotation under torque to either inner member 3210, outer member 3220 or both inner and outer members 3210 and 3220. |
通过使用扭矩装置在扭矩作用下将旋转施加到内部构件3210，外部构件3220或内部构件3210和外部构件3220两者而产生滑动螺旋螺纹作用。 |
| [0280] |
[0280] |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer Used with the Two-Part Tapered Nut Assembly. |
用于两件式锥形螺母组件的HYTORC ®Z ®垫圈。 |
| An equal and opposite reaction force is generated during the torqueing process which must be transferred to a suitable reaction point, a stationary object. |
在扭转过程中产生相等且相反的作用力，该作用力必须传递到合适的作用点，即静止物体。 |
| Note that lower surfaces 3218 and/or 3230 of inner and/or outer members 3210 and/or 3220, as shown in FIG. 32C, rest on an upper surface of the joint. |
注意，如图32C所示，下表面3218和/或3230的内部构件3210和/或外部构件3220位于接头的上表面上。 |
| Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 33A-33C, a reaction washer 3301 may be formed between these lower surfaces and the upper surface of the joint. |
或者，如图33A-33C所示，反应垫圈3301这些下表面和接头的上表面之间形成。 |
| Reaction washer 3301 is formed as a HYTORC® Z® Washer, which is disclosed fully in the present application and in co-owned and co-pending PCT Patent Applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Serial No. PCT/US2014/70996, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”; |
反应垫圈3301形成为HYTORC ®Z ®垫圈，其在本申请和共同拥有和共同未决的PCT 专利申请中充分公开，该申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：序列号PCT/US2014/70996，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“Apparatusfor tightening threadedfasteners ”； |
| and/or Serial No. PCT/US2014/71000, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”. |
和/或序列号PCT/US2014/71000，申请日为2014年12月17日，名称为“用于紧固螺纹紧固件的装置”。 |
| An apparatus 3202B includes: two-part nut assembly 3202; |
装置3202B包括：两件式螺母组件3202； |
| and reaction washer 3301 for receiving counter torque generated due to tightening or loosening of the threaded fastener. |
以及作用垫圈3301，用于接收由于拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件而产生的反扭矩。 |
| [0281] |
[0281] |
| Reaction washer 3301 includes: an outer edge 3304 having a geometric shape 3309 that allows for rotational coupling with a torque device via a dual drive coaxial action and reaction assembly (not shown); |
作用垫圈3301包括：外边缘3304，其具有允许通过双驱动同轴作用和作用组件（未示出）与扭矩装置旋转联接的几何形状3309； |
| and a bottom surface 3303 having friction coefficient increasing treatments 3307 biased in areas outward from a center bore 3305. |
以及底面3303，其具有摩擦系数增大处理部3307，该摩擦系数增大处理部在从中心孔3305向外的区域中偏移。 |
| Reaction washer 3301 is shown releasably attached to two-part nut assembly 3202. |
所示的反应垫圈3301可释放地连接到两件式螺母组件3202。 |
| The bond between reaction washer 3301 and two-part nut assembly 3202 breaks at a predetermined pre-torque and reaction washer 3301 becomes a suitable reaction point. |
作用垫圈3301和两件式螺母组件3202之间的结合在预定的预扭矩下断开，并且作用垫圈3301变成合适的作用点。 |
| In this example reaction washer 3301 and nut assembly 3202 separate once the bond breaks once compression and friction forces overcomes such bond. |
在该示例中，一旦压力和摩擦力克服这种结合而使结合断裂，作用垫圈3301和螺母组件3202分离。 |
| Any suitable bonding method may be used. |
可以使用任何合适的结合方法。 |
| Note that such combination creates a nut-washer assembly having similar advantages to that of the HYTORC NUT™. |
注意，这种组合产生了具有与HYTORCNUTTM 相似优点的螺母-垫圈组件。 |
| Alternatively reaction washer 3301 and nut assembly 3202 may be separate components. |
或者，反应垫圈3301和螺母组件3202可以是单独的部件。 |
| [0282] |
[0282] |
| Reaction washer 3301 may be used as a suitable reaction point during tightening and or loosening of threaded fasteners used with apparatus 3202. |
反应垫圈3301可以在拧紧和/或松开与装置3202一起使用的螺纹紧固件期间用作合适的反应点。 |
| Friction coefficient increasing treatments 3307 may include either: roughenings; |
摩擦系数增加处理3307可以包括：粗糙化； |
| polygonal surfaces; |
多边形表面； |
| splines; |
花键； |
| knurls; |
压花； |
| spikes; |
刺； |
| grooves; |
凹槽； |
| slots; |
插槽； |
| protruding points or corners; |
凸点或角； |
| other such projections; |
其它这样的突起； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| They may be formed by either: knurling; |
它们可以通过滚花形成； |
| sanding; |
砂光； |
| blasting; |
爆破； |
| milling; |
磨粉； |
| machining; |
机加工； |
| forging; |
锻造； |
| casting; |
浇注； |
| forming; |
成型； |
| shaping; |
整形； |
| roughing; |
粗加工； |
| stamping; |
冲压； |
| engraving; |
雕刻； |
| punching; |
冲孔； |
| bending; |
折弯； |
| relieving washer material near the center bore; |
对中心孔附近的垫圈材料进行泄压； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| Such friction coefficient increasing treatments may be distributed evenly across lower surface 3303 or located away from the radius of center bore 3305. |
这种增加摩擦系数的处理可以均匀地分布在下表面3303上或远离中心孔3305的半径。 |
| They may be formed either: singularly; |
它们可以单独形成； |
| randomly; |
随机； |
| in an array; |
在阵列中； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| These reaction washers have an effective friction radius greater than an effective friction radius of assembly 3202. |
这些作用垫圈的有效摩擦半径大于组件3202的有效摩擦半径。 |
| [0283] |
[0283] |
| Note that discussion related to apparatus 2801 in FIGS. 28-29 may be adapted to apparatus 3202. |
注意，与图28-29中的装置2801相关的讨论可适用于装置3202。 |
| Recall, however, that the inner and the outer sleeve members of apparatus 2801 are not rotatably coupled, and therefore not relatively rotatable. |
然而，回想到，设备2801的内和外套筒构件不是可旋转地连接，因此不是相对可旋转的。 |
| For example, upper surface 3213 may have a coupling means, similar to coupling means 2817 of stepped conical fastener assembly 2801, which would non-rotatably engage with the action portion of the torque device. |
例如，上表面3213可以具有类似于连接装置2817的阶梯式锥形紧固件组件2801的连接装置，该连接装置将扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| Such an inner member coupling means may be formed by any suitable geometry or used with other means or features for rotationally coupling with the torque device such as gear teeth, hex, double hex, castellation or any other common geometry that allows rotational coupling. |
这种内部构件联接装置可以由任何合适的几何形状形成，或者与用于与扭矩装置旋转联接的其它装置或特征一起使用，例如齿轮齿，六角形，双六角形，齿形或允许旋转联接的任何其它普通几何形状。 |
| One possible alternative is hex geometry shown in FIG. 29A as 2747. |
一种可能的替代方案是图29A中显示为2747的六角形几何形状。 |
| Similarly, outer member coupling means 3229 may be formed by any suitable geometry or used with other means or features for rotationally coupling with the torque device such as gear teeth, hex, double hex, castellation or any other common geometry that allows rotational coupling. |
类似地，外部构件耦合构件3229可由任何合适的几何形状形成或与用于与转矩装置旋转耦合的其它构件或特征一起使用，例如齿轮齿，六角形，双六角形，城堡形或允许旋转耦合的任何其它常见几何形状。 |
| One possible alternative is hex geometry shown in FIG. 29B as 2956. |
一种可能的替代方案是图29B中显示为2956的六角形几何形状。 |
| Note that the quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals of removed external (inner member 3210) and internal (outer member 3220) cylindrical features may vary to optimize characteristics of apparatus 3202, such as, for example, stress biasing, depending on the application. |
注意，根据应用，被去除的外部（内部构件3210）和内部（外部构件3220）圆柱形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔可以变化以优化装置3202的特性，例如应力偏置。 |
| [0284] |
[0284] |
| FIGS. 32A-32C show inner sleeve member 3210 with four external cylindrical features removed at regular length and width intervals and outer sleeve member 3220 with four internal cylindrical features removed at regular length and width intervals. |
图32A-32C示出了以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除四个外圆柱特征的内套筒构件3210和以规则的长度和宽度间隔去除四个内圆柱特征的外套筒构件3220。 |
| As shown in FIG. 29C, however, varying the quantity, dimensions, geometries and intervals from one removed external and internal cylindrical feature to the next varies the nominal angles, step heights and step widths. |
然而，如图29C所示，改变从一个去除的外部和内部圆柱形特征到下一个去除的外部和内部圆柱形特征的数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔会改变标称角度，台阶高度和台阶宽度。 |
| Alternatively, the step length may be sized infinitely small to create a nearly smooth taper. |
可替换地，步长的尺寸可以无限小，以产生几乎平滑的锥形。 |
| Angled external portions of inner sleeve member 3210 and angled internal portion of outer sleeve member 3220 may be removed in one step to form a relatively smooth, yet rotatably coupled, conical surface. |
内套筒构件3210的成角度的外部和外套筒构件3220的成角度的内部可以在一个步骤中去除，以形成相对平滑但可旋转连接的锥形表面。 |
| [0285] |
[0285] |
| FIGS. 32A-32C show mating faces of inner member 3210 and outer member 3220 of constant vertical spacing, or step heights. |
图32A-32C示出了具有恒定垂直间隔或台阶高度的内部构件3210和外部构件3220的配合面。 |
| FIG. 29D shows that mating faces of apparatus 3202 may have varying vertical spacing, or step heights. |
图29D示出装置3202的配合面可具有变化的垂直间隔或台阶高度。 |
| This allows movement on selective steps only as other steps are loaded. |
这允许仅在加载其它梯级时在选择性梯级上移动。 |
| Plastic deformation allows vertical movement therefore strategically biasing stress distribution across each stepped face. |
塑性变形允许垂直运动，因此策略性地在每个阶梯面上偏压应力分布。 |
| In other words, increased clearance or spacing between mating faces of inner and outer sleeve members 2810 and 2820 allow for radial expansion during loading. |
换句话说，在内部和外部套筒元件2810和2820的配合面之间增加的间隙或间隔允许在加载期间径向膨胀。 |
| Note that this feature may be of limited applicability due to the metallurgically hardened characteristics of inner member 3210. |
注意，由于内部构件3210的冶金硬化特性，该特征的适用性有限。 |
| [0286] |
[0286] |
| FIGS. 32A-32C show mating faces of inner member 3210 and outer member 3220 of constant step face angles, namely 90°. |
图32A-32C示出了具有恒定阶梯面角即90°的内部构件3210和外部构件3220的配合面。 |
| FIG. 29E shows that mating faces of apparatus 3202 may have varying step face angles. |
图29E示出装置3202的配合面可具有变化的台阶面角度。 |
| This promotes more evenly and controlled biasing stress distribution across the steps. |
这促进了跨台阶的更均匀和受控的偏置应力分布。 |
| In other words, either or both inner and outer members 3210 and 3220 may have stepped vertical surfaces with varying pitch angles to bias stress to selective horizontal stepped surfaces. |
换句话说，内部构件3210和外部构件3220中的一个或两个可具有阶梯式垂直表面，该阶梯式垂直表面具有变化的螺旋角以将应力偏置到选择性的水平阶梯表面。 |
| [0287] |
[0287] |
| Note that discussion related to apparatus 3001 in FIGS. 30 and 31 may be adapted to apparatus 3202. |
注意，与图30和31中的装置3001相关的讨论可以适用于装置3202。 |
| Recall, however, that apparatus 3001 is an alternative for known rotatable coupling between a torque device and a stud, while apparatus 3202 is an alternative for known threaded nuts. |
然而，回想一下，装置3001是扭矩装置和螺柱之间的已知可旋转联接的替代方案，而装置3202是已知螺母的替代方案。 |
| For example, as shown in FIGS. 31B and 31C, varying the depth and size change from one 12-point feature to the next will increase or decrease the nominal angle of the conical shape these features form in apparatus 3202. |
例如，如图31B和31C所示，从一个12点特征到下一个12点特征改变深度和尺寸将增大或减小这些特征在装置3202中形成的圆锥形的标称角度。 |
| The 12-point feature can be substituted with any geometry that will prevent rotation between the two parts, such as the hex in FIG. 31A. |
12点特征可以用防止两个部分之间旋转的任何几何形状代替，例如图31A中的六角形。 |
| Additionally, the step depth can be sized infinitely small to create a smooth taper. |
另外，台阶深度的尺寸可以无限小，以形成平滑的锥形。 |
| Mixed step sizes and geometries can be used to optimize production of such a coupling. |
混合的步长和几何形状可用于优化这种耦合的生产。 |
| [0288] |
[0288] |
| Threaded fasteners having either studs or a bolts and apparatus 3202 are disclosed herein. |
这里公开了具有螺柱或螺栓的螺纹紧固件和装置3202。 |
| Torque devices either pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically or manually driven to tighten or loosen such threaded fasteners are disclosed herein. |
本文公开了气动，电动，液压或手动驱动的扭矩装置，以拧紧或松开这种螺纹紧固件。 |
| And systems consisting of such threaded fasteners and torque devices are disclosed herein. |
本文公开了由这种螺纹紧固件和扭矩装置组成的系统。 |
| [0289] |
[0289] |
| Generally, two-part nut assemblies disclosed herein have decreased, relative to known three piece nut assemblies, dimensions for limited bolting clearances and increased, relative to known nuts, prevention of thread galling, fractures and load loss. |
通常，相对于已知的三件式螺母组件，本文所公开的两件式螺母组件已经减小了用于有限的螺栓连接间隙的尺寸，并且相对于已知的螺母增加了防止螺纹磨损，断裂和载荷损失的尺寸。 |
| A load bearing surface area between the inner and the outer members allows for strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase dimensions. |
内部构件和外部构件之间的承载表面区域允许关键地偏置的垂直和径向应力分布，而不必显著增加尺寸。 |
| They effectively deal with tensile hoop stresses typical of industrial threaded nuts in such a way that minimizes the likelihood of fractures. |
它们以最小化断裂可能性的方式有效地处理工业螺纹螺母典型的拉伸环向应力。 |
| Put another way, the compact dimensions and selective metallurgical hardening of nut assemblies disclosed herein minimize the risk of fractures and prevent load loss from any fractures that may form. |
换句话说，本文所公开的螺母组件的紧凑尺寸和选择性冶金硬化使断裂的风险最小化并防止可能形成的任何断裂的负载损失。 |
| The two-piece structure isolates the portion(s) that will see the highest tensile hoop stresses, namely near the internal threads, to prevent fractures from migrating through the entire assembly. |
该两件式结构将经受最高的环向张应力的部分（即内螺纹附近）隔离，以防止裂缝迁移通过整个组件。 |
| Thread created hoop stress is constrained strictly to the inner member. |
螺纹产生的环向应力被严格地限制于内部构件。 |
| Strain and deformation that lead to fracture initiation in hardened or surface hardened parts is controlled. |
控制导致硬化或表面硬化部件中的断裂开始的应变和变形。 |
| And even if fractures were to form, they would only travel through the hardened internal member of the assembly and not lead to catastrophic load loss. |
并且即使裂缝形成，它们也仅穿过组件的硬化内部构件，并且不会导致灾难性的负载损失。 |
| [0290] |
[0290] |
| It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above. |
应当理解，上述的每个元件，或者两个或多个元件一起，也可以在不同于上述类型的其它类型的结构中找到有用的应用。 |
| The features disclosed in the foregoing description, the following claims and/or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilized for realizing the invention in diverse forms thereof. |
在前面的描述，下面的权利要求和/或附图中公开的特征，以它们的特定形式或以用于执行所公开的功能的装置，或用于获得所公开的结果的方法或过程的形式表达，如果合适，可以单独地或以这些特征的任何组合用于以其不同的形式实现本发明。 |
| One such example includes a Z®-Squirter® Washer in combination with a two-part tapered nut assembly in any configuration disclosed with respect to FIGS. 25, 26, 27, 33 and/or any portions thereof. |
一个这样的实例包括Z ®-Squirter ®Washer 与两件式锥形螺母组件的组合，所述两件式锥形螺母组件具有关于图25，26，27，33公开的任何构造和/或其任何部分。 |
| [0291] |
[0291] |
| Two-Part Tapered Thread Nut Assembly. |
两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件。 |
| Referring to FIGS. 34A-34C, by way of example, these show a two-part tapered thread nut assembly 3402 for use with either a stud or a bolt of a threaded fastener (not shown) and a torque device (not shown) including: a rigid inner member 3410 having an inner surface threadedly engagable with the fastener and an outer surface defined by a thread formation that forms a taper; |
参照图34A-34C，作为示例，这些图示出了用于与螺纹紧固件（未示出）的螺柱或螺栓和扭矩装置（未示出）一起使用的两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件3402，该螺母组件包括：刚性内部构件3410，该刚性内部构件3410具有可与紧固件螺纹接合的内表面和由形成锥形的螺纹构造限定的外表面； |
| an outer member 3420 having an inner surface defined by an inversely tapered thread formation that is threadedly engagable with the tapered thread formation of the outer surface of inner member 3410; |
外部构件3420，其具有由倒锥形螺纹构造限定的内表面，该倒锥形螺纹构造能够与内部构件3410的外表面的锥形螺纹构造螺纹接合； |
| and wherein two-part nut assembly 3402, when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
并且其中两件式螺母组件3402在由扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时将载荷施加到螺纹紧固件。 |
| The inner member is either superficially, partially and/or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
内部构件表面地，部分地和/或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| [0292] |
[0292] |
| Inner member 3410 is a geometric body and, as shown in FIGS. 34B and 34C, formed as a threaded insert. |
内部构件3410是几何体，如图34B和34C所示，形成为螺纹插入件。 |
| It has an inner surface 3411 with an inner helical thread means 3417 engagable with an outer surface having an outer helical thread means of the stud or the bolt of the threaded fastener. |
它具有内表面3411，内螺旋螺纹装置3417可与具有螺纹紧固件的螺柱或螺栓的外螺旋螺纹装置的外表面接合。 |
| It has an outer surface 3412 with a geometric formation, or tapered thread formation, 3416 that is rotatably engagable with an inner surface 3421 having a geometric formation, or inversely tapered thread formation, 3425 of outer member 3420. |
其具有外表面3412，该外表面具有几何构造或锥形螺纹构造3416，该几何构造或锥形螺纹构造可旋转地与内表面3421接合，该内表面具有几何构造或相反的锥形螺纹构造3425，外部构件3420。 |
| Inner member 3410 further has a lower surface 3418 that is adjacent to and co-terminates with a lower surface 3430 of outer member 3420. |
内部构件3410还具有下表面3418，其与外部构件3420的下表面3430相邻并共同终止。 |
| [0293] |
[0293] |
| In this exemplary embodiment, tapered thread formation formation 3416 is shaped as a modified inverted frustum of a smooth conical pyramid that has a tapered or conical appearance from the bottom up. |
在该示例性实施例中，锥形螺纹形成结构3416成形为从底部向上具有锥形或圆锥形外观的平滑锥形棱锥的改进的倒置平截头体。 |
| A radius of each thread on outer surface 3412 is progressively smaller from the top down. |
外表面3412上的每个螺纹的半径从上到下逐渐变小。 |
| An external hollow circular feature is removed from the outside of inner member 3410 at a relatively shallow depth. |
在相对浅的深度处从内部构件3410的外侧去除外部中空圆形特征。 |
| Successive external hollow circular features are removed at continuous length and width intervals. |
以连续的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的外部中空圆形特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed external circular features continues until space (height) restricts the addition of another such feature. |
所移除的外部圆形特征的几何图案继续，直到空间（高度）限制另一此类特征的添加为止。 |
| [0294] |
[0294] |
| Inner member 3410 further has an upper surface 3413. |
内部构件3410还具有上表面3413。 |
| Upper surface 3413 may have a coupling means, similar to coupling means 2817 of stepped conical fastener assembly 2801, which would non-rotatably engage with the action portion of the torque device. |
上表面3413可具有联接装置，该联接装置类似于联接装置2817的阶梯形锥形紧固件组件2801，该联接装置将与扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| [0295] |
[0295] |
| Outer member 3420 is a geometric body and, as shown in FIGS. 34A-34C, formed as a sleeve. |
如图34A-34C所示，如图34A-34C所示，外部构件3420是几何体，并且形成为套筒。 |
| It has inner surface 3421 with inversely tapered thread formation 3425 that is rotatably engagable with outer surface 3412 of inner member 3410. |
它具有内表面3421，该内表面具有倒锥形螺纹构造3425，该螺纹构造可旋转地与内部构件3410的外表面3412接合。 |
| Outer member 3420 has an outer surface 3422 with a geometric formation 3426. |
外部构件3420具有外表面3422，其具有几何构造3426。 |
| Geometric formation 3426 is also formed as a coupling means 3429 which nonrotatably engages with the action portion of the torque device. |
几何结构3426也形成为联接装置3429，该联接装置3429与扭矩装置的作用部分不可旋转地接合。 |
| Rotational coupling means 3429 is formed as a modified hexagonal feature in this exemplary embodiment, but may be formed with any suitable geometry. |
旋转耦合装置3429在该示例性实施例中形成为修改的六边形特征，但是可以形成为任何合适的几何形状。 |
| And it may be similar to coupling means 2827 of stepped conical fastener assembly 2801. |
并且它可以类似于连接装置2827阶梯式锥形紧固件组件2801。 |
| [0296] |
[0296] |
| In this exemplary embodiment, inversely tapered thread formation 3425 is shaped as a modified frustum of a smooth conical pyramid that has a tapered or conical appearance from the bottom up. |
在该示例性实施例中，反向锥形螺纹构造3425成形为从底部向上具有锥形或圆锥形外观的平滑锥形棱锥的改进截锥体。 |
| A radius of each thread on inner surface 3421 is progressively smaller from the top down. |
内表面3421上的每个螺纹的半径从上到下逐渐变小。 |
| An internal circular feature is removed from the inside of outer member 3420 at a relatively shallow depth. |
在相对浅的深度处从外部构件3420的内部去除内部圆形特征。 |
| Successive internal circular features are removed at continuous length and width intervals. |
以连续的长度和宽度间隔去除连续的内部圆形特征。 |
| Each successive feature starts where the preceding feature stops. |
每个连续特征在前一特征停止的地方开始。 |
| The geometric pattern of removed internal circular features continues until space restricts the addition of another internal circular feature. |
被去除的内部圆形特征的几何图案继续，直到空间限制另一个内部圆形特征的添加。 |
| [0297] |
[0297] |
| More generally, outer surface 3412 of inner member 3410 and inner surface 3421 of outer member 3220 are shaped as any suitable relatively rotatable means (circular and smooth in nature), such that inner member 3410 and outer member 3420 are relatively rotatable until inner and outer members 3410 and 3420 are suitably assembled. |
更一般地，内部构件3412的外表面3410和外部构件3421的内表面3220成形为任何合适的可相对旋转的装置（本质上是圆形和光滑的），使得内部构件3410和外部构件3420可相对旋转直到内部构件3410和外部构件3420被合适地组装。 |
| Indeed the action portion of the torque device applies a load to the threaded fastener when apparatus 3402 is rotated by either inner member 3410, outer member 3420 or both inner and outer members 3410 and 3420 due to this relatively rotatable means until suitably assembled. |
实际上，当装置3402被内部构件3410，外部构件3420或内部构件3410和外部构件3420两者旋转时，扭矩装置的作用部分向螺纹紧固件施加载荷，这是由于该可相对旋转的装置，直到适当地组装。 |
| Note that outer member 3420 substantially surrounds inner member 3210. |
注意，外部构件3420基本上围绕内部构件3210。 |
| Note that inner member 3210 and outer member 3420 may be pressed together in a predictably deforming way to prevent unintended disassembly of and/or any relaxation stemming from partially mated surfaces of apparatus 3402. |
注意，内部构件3210和外部构件3420可以以可预测的变形方式被压在一起，以防止装置3402的部分配合的表面的意外拆卸和/或任何松弛。 |
| [0298] |
[0298] |
| A geometry of a load bearing surface area between inner member 3410 and outer member 3420 allows for improved and strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase a diameter of apparatus 3402. |
内部构件3410和外部构件3420之间的承载表面区域的几何形状允许改进的和策略性地偏置的垂直和径向应力分布，而不必显著增加设备3402的直径。 |
| Tapered thread formations 3416 and 3425 could be shaped either as frustums of smooth stepped cones for a relatively low plurality of steps or frustums of smoothly sloped cones for a relatively high plurality of steps. |
锥形螺纹构造3416和3425可成形为用于相对较低的多个台阶的平滑阶梯状锥体的平截头体或用于相对较高的多个台阶的平滑倾斜锥体的平截头体。 |
| Note that variable step quantities, dimensions, geometries, angles and/or intervals may be used to achieve such benefits. |
注意，可以使用可变的步进量，尺寸，几何形状，角度和/或间隔来实现这些益处。 |
| Modifications for improved distribution of bolting stresses may include similar features to those described in FIGS. 32B like, for example, rounded corners 3218 and 3227, upper edge portion 3215, slanted upper surface 3223 and/or lower edge portion 3228. |
用于改进螺栓连接应力分布的变型可包括与图32B中所述的那些类似的特征，例如圆角3218和3227，上边缘部分3215，倾斜上表面3223和/或下边缘部分3228。 |
| [0299] |
[0299] |
| Referring to FIG. 34C, by way of example, it shows apparatus 3402. |
参照图34C，作为示例，其示出了装置3402。 |
| The taper of inner member 3410 of apparatus 3402 increases from upper surface 3413 to lower surface 3418. |
内部构件3410的锥度从上表面3413到下表面3418逐渐增大。 |
| Likewise, the taper of outer member 3420 decreases from an upper surface 3423A to lower surface 3430. |
同样，外部构件3420的锥度从上表面3423A到下表面3430减小。 |
| Another embodiment of apparatus 3402 not shown may correspond to apparatus 3202A of FIG. 32D. |
未示出的装置3402的另一实施例可对应于图32D的装置3202A。 |
| [0300] |
[0300] |
| Recall that apparatus 3402 of the present invention eliminates thread galling. |
回想本发明的装置3402消除了螺纹磨损。 |
| Catastrophic fractures and load loss have previously limited use of hardening processes with threaded fasteners. |
灾难性断裂和载荷损失以前限制了对螺纹紧固件的硬化工艺的使用。 |
| Advantageously, inner member 3410 of apparatus 3402, however, is either superficially, partially or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
然而，有利的是，内部构件3410或表面地，部分地或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| Many metallurgical hardening processes may be used, such as: flame hardening; |
可以使用许多冶金硬化工艺，例如：火焰硬化； |
| induction hardening; |
感应硬化； |
| carburizing; |
渗碳； |
| boriding; |
渗硼； |
| nitriding; |
渗氮； |
| cyaniding; |
氰化； |
| carbonitridring; |
碳氮共渗； |
| ferritic nitrocarburizing; |
铁素体氮碳共渗； |
| annealing; |
退火； |
| quenching; |
淬火； |
| aging; |
陈化； |
| tempering; |
回火； |
| heat treating (differential, flame, induction, case, etc.); |
热处理（差动，火焰，感应，表层等）； |
| cold treating (cryogenic); |
冷处理（低温）； |
| or any combination thereof. |
或其任何组合。 |
| Cracks which would otherwise lead to catastrophic failure and/or load loss are prevented with apparatus 3402 as non-metallurigically hardened outer member 3420 substantially surrounds metallurigically hardened inner member 3410. |
设备3402防止了否则会导致灾难性故障和/或负载损失的裂纹，因为非金属硬化的外部构件3420基本上围绕着金属硬化的内部构件3410。 |
| [0301] |
[0301] |
| The smooth conical fastener geometry of apparatus 3402 creates tensile load in the stud or the bolt by the mechanical sliding action through the helical inclined plane between stud threads and inner member threads 3417. |
装置3402的平滑锥形紧固件几何形状通过柱头螺纹和内部构件螺纹3417之间的螺旋倾斜平面的机械滑动作用在柱头或螺栓中产生拉伸载荷。 |
| The sliding helical thread action is created by using the torque device to apply rotation under torque to either inner member 3410, outer member 3420 or both inner and outer members 3410 and 3420. |
通过使用扭矩装置在扭矩作用下将旋转施加到内部构件3410，外部构件3420或内部构件3410和外部构件3420两者而产生滑动螺旋螺纹作用。 |
| [0302] |
[0302] |
| HYTORC® Z® Washer Used with the Two-Part Tapered Thread Nut Assembly. |
用于两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件的HYTORC ®Z 型®垫圈。 |
| An equal and opposite reaction force is generated during the torqueing process which must be transferred to a suitable reaction point, a stationary object. |
在扭转过程中产生相等且相反的作用力，该作用力必须传递到合适的作用点，即静止物体。 |
| Note that lower surfaces 3418 and/or 3430 of inner and/or outer members 3410 and/or 3420, as shown in FIG. 34C, rest on an upper surface of the joint. |
注意，如图34C所示，下表面3418和/或3430的内部构件3410和/或外部构件3420靠在接头的上表面上。 |
| Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 35A-35C, a reaction washer 3501 may be formed between these lower surfaces and the upper surface of the joint. |
或者，如图35A-35C所示，反应垫圈3501这些下表面和接头的上表面之间形成。 |
| Reaction washer 3501 is formed as a HYTORC® Z® Washer, which is disclosed fully in the present application and in co-owned and co-pending PCT Patent Applications, entire copies of which are incorporated herein by reference: Serial No. PCT/US2014/70996, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”; |
反应垫圈3501形成为HYTORC ®Z ®垫圈，其在本申请和共同拥有和共同未决的PCT 专利申请中充分公开，该申请的完整副本在此引入作为参考：序列号PCT/US2014/70996，申请日为2014年12月17日，标题为“Apparatusfor tightening threadedfasteners ”； |
| and/or Serial No. PCT/US2014/71000, having filing date of 17 Dec. 2014, entitled “Apparatus for Tightening Threaded Fasteners”. |
和/或序列号PCT/US2014/71000，申请日为2014年12月17日，名称为“用于紧固螺纹紧固件的装置”。 |
| An apparatus 3402B includes: two-part tapered thread nut assembly 3402; |
装置3402B包括：两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件3402； |
| and reaction washer 3501 for receiving counter torque generated due to tightening or loosening of the threaded fastener. |
以及作用垫圈3501，用于接收由于拧紧或松开螺纹紧固件而产生的反扭矩。 |
| Note that discussion related to apparatus 3202B of FIGS. 33A-33C may be adapted to apparatus 3402B of FIGS. 35A-35C. |
注意，与图33A-33C的装置3202B相关的讨论可适用于图35A-35C的装置3402B。 |
| Note that discussion related to apparatus 2801 in FIGS. 28-29 may be adapted to apparatus 3402 and 3402B. |
注意，与图28-29中的装置2801相关的讨论可适用于装置3402和3402B。 |
| Note that discussion related to apparatus 3001 in FIGS. 30 and 31 may be adapted to apparatus 3402 and 3402B. |
注意，与图30和31中的装置3001相关的讨论可适用于装置3402和3402B。 |
| [0303] |
[0303] |
| Threaded fasteners having either studs or a bolts and apparatus 3402 and 3402B are disclosed herein. |
本文公开了具有螺柱或螺栓的螺纹紧固件以及装置3402和3402B。 |
| Torque devices either pneumatically, electrically, hydraulically or manually driven to tighten or loosen such threaded fasteners are disclosed herein. |
本文公开了气动，电动，液压或手动驱动的扭矩装置，以拧紧或松开这种螺纹紧固件。 |
| And systems consisting of such threaded fasteners and torque devices are disclosed herein. |
本文公开了由这种螺纹紧固件和扭矩装置组成的系统。 |
| [0304] |
[0304] |
| Generally, two-part nut assemblies disclosed herein have decreased, relative to known three piece nut assemblies, dimensions for limited bolting clearances and increased, relative to known nuts, prevention of thread galling, fractures and load loss. |
通常，相对于已知的三件式螺母组件，本文所公开的两件式螺母组件已经减小了用于有限的螺栓连接间隙的尺寸，并且相对于已知的螺母增加了防止螺纹磨损，断裂和载荷损失的尺寸。 |
| A load bearing surface area between the inner and the outer members allows for strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase dimensions. |
内部构件和外部构件之间的承载表面区域允许关键地偏置的垂直和径向应力分布，而不必显著增加尺寸。 |
| They effectively deal with tensile hoop stresses typical of industrial threaded nuts in such a way that minimizes the likelihood of fractures. |
它们以最小化断裂可能性的方式有效地处理工业螺纹螺母典型的拉伸环向应力。 |
| Put another way, the compact dimensions and selective metallurgical hardening of nut assemblies disclosed herein minimize the risk of fractures and prevent load loss from any fractures that may form. |
换句话说，本文所公开的螺母组件的紧凑尺寸和选择性冶金硬化使断裂的风险最小化并防止可能形成的任何断裂的负载损失。 |
| The two-piece structure isolates the portion(s) that will see the highest tensile hoop stresses, namely near the internal threads, to prevent fractures from migrating through the entire assembly. |
该两件式结构将经受最高的环向张应力的部分（即内螺纹附近）隔离，以防止裂缝迁移通过整个组件。 |
| Thread created hoop stress is constrained strictly to the inner member. |
螺纹产生的环向应力被严格地限制于内部构件。 |
| Strain and deformation that lead to fracture initiation in hardened or surface hardened parts is controlled. |
控制导致硬化或表面硬化部件中的断裂开始的应变和变形。 |
| And even if fractures were to form, they would only travel through the hardened internal member of the assembly and not lead to catastrophic load loss. |
并且即使裂缝形成，它们也仅穿过组件的硬化内部构件，并且不会导致灾难性的负载损失。 |
| [0305] |
[0305] |
| It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above. |
应当理解，上述的每个元件，或者两个或多个元件一起，也可以在不同于上述类型的其它类型的结构中找到有用的应用。 |
| The features disclosed in the foregoing description, the following claims and/or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilized for realizing the invention in diverse forms thereof. |
在前面的描述，下面的权利要求和/或附图中公开的特征，以它们的特定形式或以用于执行所公开的功能的装置，或用于获得所公开的结果的方法或过程的形式表达，如果合适，可以单独地或以这些特征的任何组合用于以其不同的形式实现本发明。 |
| One such example includes a Z®-Squirter® Washer in combination with a two-part tapered nut assembly in any configuration disclosed with respect to FIGS. 25, 26, 27, 33 and/or any portions thereof. |
一个这样的实例包括Z ®-Squirter ®Washer 与两件式锥形螺母组件的组合，所述两件式锥形螺母组件具有关于图25，26，27，33公开的任何构造和/或其任何部分。 |
| [0306] |
[0306] |
| Summary. |
总结。 |
| Washer 1 is generally shown as a flower washer with a knurled bottom face to provide reaction torque. |
垫圈1通常显示为具有滚花底面以提供作用扭矩的花式垫圈。 |
| Per FIGS. 8A-8L, note the suitability of nearly any external shape which non-rotatably engages with reaction sockets, plates and links of the present invention. |
根据图8A-8L，注意到与本发明的作用插座，板和链节不可旋转地接合的几乎任何外部形状的适用性。 |
| Also note the suitability of nearly any surface feature that increases facial friction. |
还要注意几乎任何增加面部摩擦的表面特征的适用性。 |
| Examples of external shapes include: any suitable geometric shape like pentagon, hexagon, octagon, etc.; |
外部形状的实例包括：任何合适的几何形状，如五边形，六边形，八边形等； |
| knurls; |
压花； |
| cutouts; |
切口； |
| pressed holes; |
压孔； |
| castellations; |
雉堞墙； |
| etc. |
等。 |
| Examples of surface friction enhancement features include: patterns; |
表面摩擦增强特征的实例包括：图案； |
| finishes; |
完成； |
| treatments; |
处理； |
| coatings; |
涂料； |
| platings; |
电镀； |
| roughness; |
粗糙度； |
| etc. |
等。 |
| Inventively even before seating of the nut and/or bolt head, the coaxial reaction surface becomes a viable and accessible coaxial stationary object in which to transfer reaction forces of the tools. |
即使在螺母和/或螺栓头就位之前，同轴作用表面也创造性地成为可行的和可接近的同轴固定物体，其中传递工具的作用力。 |
| [0307] |
[0307] |
| Generally tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the intermittent force mode. |
通常，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可在间歇力模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may run down the nut or the nut and the washer with an intermittent turning force in one direction. |
工具可以在一个方向上以间歇的旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向下运动。 |
| The tools may run up the nut or the nut and the washer with the intermittent turning force in an opposite direction. |
工具可以利用在相反方向上的间歇旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向上运行。 |
| Or the tools may either impact, vibrate or both impact and vibrate the nut or the nut and the washer with either an intermittent turning force to apply vibration and rotation in the opposite direction, the intermittent vibration force to apply vibration, or both. |
或者，工具可以利用施加振动和沿相反方向的旋转的间歇旋转力，施加振动的间歇振动力，或这两者来冲击，振动或冲击和振动螺母或螺母和垫圈。 |
| [0308] |
[0308] |
| More specifically tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the intermittent force mode. |
更具体地，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可以在间歇力模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may run down the nut or the nut and the washer with the intermittent turning force in one direction to seat the nut from a restrictively rotatable state with significant adverse bolting application characteristics to a pre-determined pre-tightening torque state and compress the washer between a joint to be tightened and the seated nut. |
工具可以在一个方向上以间歇的旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向下运动，以使螺母从具有显著不利的螺栓连接应用特性的限制旋转状态坐靠到预定的预紧扭矩状态，并在待拧紧的接头和坐靠的螺母之间压缩垫圈。 |
| The tools may run up the nut or the nut and the washer with the intermittent turning force in the opposite direction to unseat the nut from the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state to the restrictively rotatable state with significant adverse bolting application characteristics and decompress the washer between the joint to be loosened and the unseated nut. |
该工具可以利用在相反方向上的间歇旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向上移动，以使螺母从预定的预拧紧扭矩状态脱离到具有显著不利的螺栓连接应用特性的限制旋转状态，并在待松开的接头和脱离的螺母之间解压垫圈。 |
| Or the tools may impact, vibrate or both the nut, and the washer with an intermittent turning force to apply vibration and rotation in the opposite direction, the intermittent vibration force to apply vibration, or both, from an inadequately pulverized thread corrosion state to an adequately pulverized thread corrosion state. |
或者，工具可以用间歇的旋转力冲击，振动或同时冲击，振动螺母和垫圈，以施加振动并沿相反方向旋转，间歇的振动力施加振动或两者，从不充分粉碎的螺纹腐蚀状态到充分粉碎的螺纹腐蚀状态。 |
| For example the tools may generate ultrasonic sound waves via an ultrasonic wave generator, such as vibration force mechanism 960, to vibrate the fastener at ultra-high speeds to pulverize thread corrosion. |
例如，工具可通过超声波发生器（例如振动力机构960）产生超声波，以超高速振动紧固件，从而粉碎螺纹腐蚀。 |
| [0309] |
[0309] |
| Often the intermittent (impact, vibration, ultrasonic, etc.) force is necessary in run down to firmly compress the washer between the nut and the flange face. |
通常，间歇性的（冲击，振动，超声波等）力在向下运行时是必需的，以牢固地压缩螺母和凸缘面之间的垫圈。 |
| Absent this impact caused compression the washer might not take the reaction force due to the two frictions of the two washer faces. |
如果没有这种冲击引起的压缩，由于两个垫圈面的两个摩擦，垫圈可能不会承受作用力。 |
| When properly compressed, the washer face abutting the nut receives a clockwise turning friction because of the torque output of the tool and an equal and opposite counterclockwise turning friction because of the reaction force. |
当被适当压缩时，邻接螺母的垫圈面由于工具的扭矩输出而受到顺时针转动摩擦，并且由于作用力而受到相等且相反的逆时针转动摩擦。 |
| As such the turning friction from the washer face that abuts the flange face prevents the washer from turning. |
这样，邻接凸缘面的垫圈面的转动摩擦防止垫圈转动。 |
| In other words the tool is designed to hold the washer stationary while turning the nut, which eliminates the usual side load and the surface differences from nut to nut. |
换句话说，该工具被设计成在转动螺母时保持垫圈静止，这消除了通常的侧向载荷和螺母与螺母之间的表面差异。 |
| Better control of the thread and surface friction is achieved for improved translation of torque to fastener load. |
实现了对螺纹和表面摩擦的更好控制，以改善扭矩到紧固件负载的传递。 |
| [0310] |
[0310] |
| Generally tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the higher resistance torque mode. |
通常，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可在较高阻力矩模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may tighten the nut with a lower speed, higher torque turning force in one direction and apply a reaction force in an opposite direction to the washer. |
该工具可以在一个方向上以较低的速度，较高的扭矩旋转力拧紧螺母，并在相反的方向上向垫圈施加作用力。 |
| And/or the tools may loosens the nut with the lower speed, higher torque turning force in the opposite direction and apply the reaction force in the one direction to the washer. |
和/或所述工具可在相反方向上以较低速度，较高扭矩的旋转力松开螺母，并在一个方向上将作用力施加到垫圈。 |
| [0311] |
[0311] |
| More specifically tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the higher resistance torque mode. |
更具体地，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可以在较高阻力矩模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may torque up the nut with the lower speed, higher torque turning force in the one direction to tighten the nut from the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state to a pre-determined tightening torque state and apply the reaction force in the opposite direction to the washer to pressurize the washer between a loosened joint and the tightened nut. |
该工具可以在一个方向上以较低的速度，较高的扭矩旋转力来扭转螺母，以将螺母从预定的预紧扭矩状态拧紧到预定的拧紧扭矩状态，并在相反的方向上向垫圈施加作用力，以对松开的接头和拧紧的螺母之间的垫圈加压。 |
| And/or the tools may torque down the nut with the lower speed, higher torque turning force in the opposite direction to loosen the nut from the pre-determined tightening torque state to the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state and apply the reaction force in the one direction to the washer to depressurize the washer between the loosened joint and the loosened nut. |
和/或所述工具可在相反方向上以较低速度，较高转矩转动力向下扭转螺母，以将螺母从预定的拧紧转矩状态松开到预定的预紧转矩状态，并在一个方向上向垫圈施加作用力，以对松开的接头和松开的螺母之间的垫圈减压。 |
| [0312] |
[0312] |
| Generally tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the lower resistance torque mode. |
通常，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可在较低阻力矩模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may run down the nut or the nut and the washer with a higher speed, lower torque turning force in the one direction. |
工具可以在一个方向上以更高的速度，更低的扭矩旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向下运动。 |
| And/or the tools may run up the nut or the nut and the washer with the higher speed, lower torque turning force in the opposite direction. |
和/或工具可在相反方向上以较高速度，较低扭矩的旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向上运行。 |
| [0313] |
[0313] |
| More specifically tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may do any of the following during the lower resistance torque mode. |
更具体地，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可以在较低阻力矩模式期间进行以下任何操作。 |
| The tools may run down the nut or the nut and the washer with a higher speed, lower torque turning force in the one direction to seat the nut from a freely rotatable state with insignificant adverse bolting application characteristics to the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state and compress the washer between the joint to be tightened and the seated nut. |
工具可以在一个方向上以较高速度，较低扭矩的旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向下运动，以使螺母从具有不显著的不利螺栓连接应用特性的自由旋转状态坐落到预定的预紧扭矩状态，并在待拧紧的接头和坐落的螺母之间压缩垫圈。 |
| And/or the tools may run up the nut or the nut and the washer with the higher speed, lower torque turning force in the opposite direction to unseat the nut from the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state to the freely rotatable state with insignificant adverse bolting application characteristics and decompress the washer between the joint to be loosened and the unseated nut. |
和/或所述工具可以在相反方向上以较高速度，较低扭矩旋转力使螺母或螺母和垫圈向上运行，以将螺母从预定的预拧紧扭矩状态拆离到具有不显著的不利螺栓连接应用特性的自由旋转状态，并在待松开的接头和拆离的螺母之间解压垫圈。 |
| [0314] |
[0314] |
| Generally tools 10A, 10B, 10F, 10G, 10H and 10I may tighten, loosen or tighten and loosen the nut in the higher resistance torque mode. |
通常，工具10A，10B，10F，10G，10H和10I可以在较高阻力矩模式下拧紧，松开或拧紧和松开螺母。 |
| The tools may run up, run down or impact the nut or the nut and the washer in the intermittent torque mode or the lower resistance torque mode. |
在间歇扭矩模式或较低阻力扭矩模式下，工具可向上，向下或冲击螺母或螺母和垫圈。 |
| The tools may switch from the intermittent torque mode to the higher resistance torque mode upon seating the nut and compressing the washer at the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state and/or adequate pulverization of thread corrosion. |
在将螺母就位并以预定的预紧扭矩状态和/或螺纹腐蚀的充分粉碎压缩垫圈时，工具可从间歇扭矩模式切换到较高抵抗扭矩模式。 |
| The tools may switch from the higher resistance torque mode to the intermittent torque mode and/or the lower resistance torque mode upon unseating the nut and decompressing the washer at the pre-determined pre-loosening torque state. |
当在预定的预松开扭矩状态下使螺母离位并使垫圈减压时，工具可从较高抵抗扭矩模式切换到间歇扭矩模式和/或较低抵抗扭矩模式。 |
| The tools may switch from the lower resistance torque mode to the higher resistance torque mode upon seating the nut and compressing the washer at the pre-determined pre-tightening torque state. |
在将螺母就位并在预定的预紧扭矩状态下压缩垫圈时，工具可从较低抵抗扭矩模式切换到较高抵抗扭矩模式。 |
| [0315] |
[0315] |
| In operation the tools can switch: from the higher resistance torque mode to the intermittent torque mode; |
在操作中，工具可以从较高阻力矩模式切换到间歇力矩模式； |
| from the higher resistance torque mode to the lower resistance torque mode; |
从高阻力矩模式到低阻力矩模式； |
| from the lower resistance torque mode to the intermittent torque mode; |
从低阻力矩模式到间歇力矩模式； |
| from the lower resistance torque mode to the higher resistance torque mode; |
从低阻力矩模式到高阻力矩模式； |
| from the intermittent torque mode to the higher resistance torque mode; |
从间歇扭矩模式到高阻扭矩模式； |
| or from the intermittent torque mode to the lower resistance torque mode. |
或者从间歇转矩模式到低阻转矩模式。 |
| [0316] |
[0316] |
| Activation or deactivation of the vibration mechanism or the torque multiplication mechanism may occur manually or automatically. |
振动机构或扭矩倍增机构的启动或停用可以手动或自动进行。 |
| Thus the switching mechanism may be manual or automatic. |
因此，切换机构可以是手动的或自动的。 |
| Further the switching mechanism and therefore any mode or combination of modes and corresponding mechanisms may be activated automatically in accordance with an observed load on the fastener. |
此外，开关机构以及因此的任何模式或模式的组合和相应的机构可以根据观察到的紧固件上的负载而自动启动。 |
| For example a gall-minimized power tool of the present invention may need vibration and/or impaction to pulverize corrosion in a tightened fastener and to run up or down the nut in high speed. |
例如，本发明的最小化磨损的动力工具可能需要振动和/或冲击以粉碎拧紧的紧固件中的腐蚀并使螺母高速向上或向下移动。 |
| The torque-tightened nut cannot turn with just vibration and/or impaction. |
扭矩拧紧的螺母不能仅通过振动和/或冲击而转动。 |
| An operator may need to activate vibration and/or impaction to pulverize up dried corrosion in the torque tightened nut, which can occur independent of or in combination with the torque multiplication mechanism. |
操作者可能需要激活振动和/或冲击以粉碎扭矩紧固螺母中的干燥腐蚀，这可独立于扭矩倍增机构或与扭矩倍增机构组合地发生。 |
| As noted the torque necessary to loosen the nut is greater than the initial tightening torque as lubrication is dried or gone, corrosion is present, and the stud is still loaded and stretched. |
如所指出的，当润滑被干燥或消失，存在腐蚀，并且螺栓仍然被加载和拉伸时，松开螺母所需的扭矩大于初始拧紧扭矩。 |
| In other words, it takes higher torque values to unload and unstretch the stud. |
换句话说，需要较高的扭矩值来卸载和松开支柱。 |
| Once the nut is loosened it can be turned in higher speed, or run upped, during the lower resistance torque mode and/or the intermittent torque mode. |
一旦螺母被松开，它就可以在较低阻力矩模式和/或间歇力矩模式期间以较高的速度转动或向上运行。 |
| The nut, however, may have to free itself over the corroded and/or damaged or flawed stud threads. |
然而，螺母可能必须在被腐蚀和/或损坏或有缺陷的双头螺栓螺纹上自由。 |
| Often this requires vibration and/or intermittent force in combination with the torque multiplication mechanism. |
这通常需要振动和/或与扭矩倍增机构相结合的间歇力。 |
| In run down the nut is turned in higher speed during the lower resistance torque mode and/or the intermittent torque mode. |
在减速时，螺母在较低阻力转矩模式和/或间歇转矩模式期间以较高速度转动。 |
| Here too the lower resistance torque mode alone may be insufficient to overcome corroded and/or damaged or flawed stud threads. |
这里，单独的较低阻力矩模式也不足以克服被腐蚀和/或损坏或有缺陷的双头螺栓螺纹。 |
| Similarly often this requires vibration or intermittent force and/or intermittent force in combination with the torque multiplication mechanism. |
类似地，这经常需要振动或间歇力和/或与扭矩倍增机构结合的间歇力。 |
| The present invention solves these issues. |
本发明解决了这些问题。 |
| [0317] |
[0317] |
| Generally methods are disclosed of gall-minimized tightening and/or loosening of an industrial threaded fastener of the kind having a coaxial reaction surface, a stud and either a nut threadedly engageable with the stud or a stud-head connected to the stud with a reaction arm-free power tool of the kind having: a motor to generate a turning force; |
一般地，公开了用于最小化磨损地拧紧和/或松开工业螺纹紧固件的方法，该类型的工业螺纹紧固件具有同轴的作用表面，螺柱和与螺柱螺纹接合的螺母或与螺柱连接的螺柱头，该类型的无作用臂动力工具具有：产生旋转力的马达； |
| a drive to transfer the turning force; |
传递转向力的驱动器； |
| a turning force multiplication mechanism in a housing including a turning force multiplication transmitter for all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance; |
壳体中的转动力倍增机构，包括用于从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式的转动力倍增发送器； |
| and at least one vibration force mechanism including a vibration transmitter for an intermittent force mode operatable during all torque modes from lower resistance to higher resistance. |
以及至少一个振动力机构，其包括用于在从较低阻力到较高阻力的所有转矩模式期间可操作的间歇力模式的振动发送器。 |
| The tightening method includes: running down in one direction either the nut, the stud-head, the nut and the coaxial reaction surface or the stud-head and the coaxial reaction surface; |
拧紧方法包括：使螺母，双头螺栓头，螺母与同轴反应面或双头螺栓头与同轴反应面单向下线； |
| and torqueing tight in the one direction either the nut or the stud-head while reacting in the opposite direction off of the coaxial reaction surface. |
以及在离开同轴反应表面的相反方向上反应的同时在一个方向上拧紧螺母或双头螺栓头。 |
| The loosening method includes: torqueing loose in the opposite direction either the nut or the stud-head while reacting in the one direction off of the coaxial reaction surface; |
松开方法包括：在离开同轴反应表面的一个方向上反应的同时，在相反方向上扭转松开螺母或双头螺栓头； |
| and running up in the opposite direction either the nut, the stud-head, the nut and the coaxial reaction surface or the stud-head and the coaxial reaction surface. |
螺母，双头螺栓头，螺母与同轴反应面或双头螺栓头与同轴反应面沿相反方向向上运动。 |
| [0318] |
[0318] |
| The following discussion relates to configurations of reaction arm-free power tools for gall-reduced tightening and loosening of industrial fasteners in accordance with the present invention. |
下面的讨论涉及根据本发明的用于减少磨损地紧固和松开工业紧固件的无作用臂动力工具的构造。 |
| Note that like terms are interchangeable, such as for example: intensifier, multiplier and multiplication; |
注意，类似的术语是可互换的，例如：增强器，乘法器和乘法； |
| impact and impaction. |
影响和冲击。 |
| [0319] |
[0319] |
| More specifically, in one embodiment of the impact mode, the tool housing and the gear stages stand still while the impact rattles. |
更具体地，在冲击模式的一个实施例中，工具壳体和齿轮级在冲击振动时保持静止。 |
| When the impact mechanism is distant from the motor, a shaft from the motor goes through the center of the multipliers to the impact mechanism and from there to the output drive. |
当冲击机构远离电动机时，来自电动机的轴穿过倍增器的中心到达冲击机构并从那里到达输出驱动器。 |
| When the impact mechanism is immediately after the motor and in front of the multipliers the motor drives the impact mechanism and a shaft goes from the impact mechanism through the center of the multipliers to the output drive. |
当冲击机构紧随电机之后且在倍增器之前时，电机驱动冲击机构，轴从冲击机构通过倍增器的中心到达输出驱动器。 |
| [0320] |
[0320] |
| In another embodiment of the impact mode, the tool housing and the gear stages rotate in unison while the impact rattles by locking up the gear stages. |
在冲击模式的另一实施例中，工具壳体和齿轮级一致地旋转，同时通过锁定齿轮级使冲击振动。 |
| This may be accomplished by connecting either: the sun gear with the ring gear; |
这可以通过将太阳轮与齿圈连接来实现； |
| the sun gear with the gear cage; |
带有齿轮笼的太阳轮； |
| or the gear cage with the ring gear of a planetary stage. |
或行星级带齿圈的齿轮箱。 |
| In each case all gear cages and the housing act like one turning extension from the motor to the impact mechanism or from the impact mechanism to the output drive of the tool. |
在每种情况下，所有的齿轮罩和壳体的作用就像从马达到冲击机构或从冲击机构到工具的输出驱动器的一个转动延伸部。 |
| [0321] |
[0321] |
| In another embodiment of the impact mode, the tool housing stands still and the gear cages rotate in unison while the impact rattles by locking up the gear cages with one another. |
在冲击模式的另一实施例中，工具壳体保持静止，并且齿轮罩一致地旋转，同时通过将齿轮罩彼此锁定而使冲击振动。 |
| When the impact mechanism is distant from the motor the gear cage(s) act like an extension inside the housing from the motor to the impact mechanism. |
当冲击机构远离电动机时，齿轮笼的作用就像从电动机到冲击机构的外壳内的延伸部分。 |
| When the impact mechanism is immediately after the motor and in front of the multipliers the gear cages or gear cage act like an extension inside the housing from the impact mechanism to the output drive of the tool. |
当冲击机构紧在马达之后并且在倍增器之前时，齿轮笼或齿轮笼起着从冲击机构到工具的输出驱动装置的壳体内的延伸部的作用。 |
| [0322] |
[0322] |
| Generally during LSHT mode at least two multiplication transmitters rotate relative to the other. |
通常在LSHT 模式期间，至少两个倍增发射器相对于另一个倍增发射器旋转。 |
| In the multiplier mode, the tool housing always rotates opposite to the sun gears and the output shaft of the multipliers, which is why the tool housing has to react. |
在倍增器模式中，工具外壳总是与中心齿轮和倍增器的输出轴相对旋转，这就是工具外壳必须起作用的原因。 |
| When torque is intensified by the multiplier, the turning speed is so slow that the impact mechanism is ineffective. |
当扭矩被倍增器增强时，转动速度太慢以至于冲击机构无效。 |
| If the impact mechanism is located after the multiplier and close to the output drive of the tool, the impact mechanism will not impact if it turns with the last sun gear. |
如果冲击机构位于倍增器之后并且靠近工具的输出驱动器，则如果冲击机构与最后的太阳齿轮一起转动，则冲击机构将不会冲击。 |
| If the impact mechanism is located before the multiplier and close to the motor, the impact mechanism turns at high speed and needs to be locked. |
如果冲击机构位于倍增器之前且靠近电机，则冲击机构高速转动且需要锁定。 |
| [0323] |
[0323] |
| In one embodiment where the impact mechanism is distant from the motor, the following occurs: the impact mechanism stands still while the multipliers turn; |
在冲击机构远离电动机的一个实施例中，发生以下情况：当倍增器转动时冲击机构保持静止； |
| the output shaft from the motor goes to the multiplier for torque multiplication; |
电机的输出轴到乘法器进行转矩倍增； |
| and the last sun gear extends through the impact mechanism to the output drive. |
最后一个太阳轮通过冲击机构延伸至输出驱动。 |
| When the impact mechanism is immediately after the motor and in front of the multipliers, the output shaft from the motor goes through the impact mechanism to the multiplier for torque multiplication and the last sun gear extends to the output drive. |
当冲击机构紧随电机后且在倍增器前时，电机的输出轴经过冲击机构到达倍增器进行扭矩倍增，最后的太阳轮延伸至输出驱动器。 |
| [0324] |
[0324] |
| In another embodiment, the impact mechanism turns at the speed of the last sun gear of the force applying multipliers. |
在另一实施例中，冲击机构以施力倍增器的最后太阳轮的速度转动。 |
| When the impact mechanism is distant from the motor, the output shaft from the motor goes to the multiplier for torque multiplication and the last sun gear turns the impact mechanism, which turns the output shaft of the tool. |
当冲击机构远离电动机时，来自电动机的输出轴到达用于扭矩倍增的倍增器，并且最后的太阳齿轮转动冲击机构，该冲击机构转动工具的输出轴。 |
| When the impact mechanism is immediately after the motor and in front of the multipliers, turning the impact mechanism to turn the multipliers would result in impacting, which is to be avoided. |
当冲击机构紧接马达之后且在倍增器之前时，转动冲击机构以转动倍增器将导致冲击，这将被避免。 |
| On the other hand, the impact mechanism can be locked by locking the hammer with the impact housing, or by locking the hammer with the anvil. |
另一方面，冲击机构可通过将锤与冲击壳体锁定，或通过将锤与砧座锁定来锁定。 |
| The impact mechanism acts as an extension between the motor output drive and the first sun gear of the multiplier. |
冲击机构作为电动机输出驱动器和倍增器的第一太阳轮之间的延伸。 |
| [0325] |
[0325] |
| The speed of the last sun gear of the multiplier may be high enough to operate the impact mechanism. |
倍增器的最后太阳轮的速度可以足够高以操作冲击机构。 |
| Impaction on the output shaft of the tool is avoidable by locking the hammer with the impact housing, the hammer with the anvil, the impact housing with the tool housing or the hammer with the tool housing. |
通过将锤与冲击壳体锁定，将锤与砧座锁定，将冲击壳体与工具壳体锁定或将锤与工具壳体锁定，可避免对工具的输出轴的冲击。 |
| [0326] |
[0326] |
| In a specific embodiment of LSHT mode the multiplication mechanism is close to the motor and before the impaction mechanism. |
在LSHT 模式的特定实施例中，倍增机构靠近电动机并且在冲击机构之前。 |
| The motor bypasses the multiplication mechanism and extends its output force through at least one part of the multiplication mechanism by means of a pin toward the output drive. |
马达绕过倍增机构，并借助于销朝向输出驱动器将其输出力延伸通过倍增机构的至少一部分。 |
| In another specific embodiment of LSHT mode the impact mechanism is close to the motor and before the multiplication mechanism. |
在LSHT 模式的另一特定实施例中，冲击机构靠近并在倍增机构之前。 |
| The impaction mechanism extends its output force through at least one part of the multiplication mechanism by means of a pin toward the output drive. |
冲击机构借助于销朝着输出驱动器延伸其输出力通过倍增机构的至少一部分。 |
| [0327] |
[0327] |
| The power tool for gall-minimized tightening and loosening of industrial fasteners in accordance with the present invention is described herein as having two or three modes, lower speed higher torque mode, higher speed lower torque mode and intermittent force mode. |
根据本发明的用于工业紧固件的磨损最小化的拧紧和松开的动力工具在此被描述为具有两种或三种模式，较低速度较高转矩模式，较高速度较低转矩模式和间歇力模式。 |
| It is to be understood that the at least two modes as described herein are merely examples. |
应当理解，这里描述的至少两种模式仅仅是示例。 |
| Further modes can be added to one or the other modes and/or the input and/or the output means. |
另外的模式可以被添加到一个或其它模式和/或输入和/或输出装置。 |
| It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to merely two speeds but can have multiple speeds. |
应当理解，本发明不仅限于两种速度，还可以具有多种速度。 |
| For example, known torque intensifier tools are usually powered by air or electric motors. |
例如，已知的扭矩增强器工具通常由空气或电动机提供动力。 |
| Often the force output and rotation speeds of such motors are increased or decreased by means of planetary gears or the like, which may become part of the motor. |
通常，这种马达的力输出和转速通过行星齿轮或类似装置来增加或降低，行星齿轮或类似装置可以成为马达的一部分。 |
| Often known torque intensifier tools temporarily eliminate one or several of the intensifier means to increase the tool motor rotation speed. |
通常已知的扭矩增强器工具暂时消除了一个或几个增强器装置，以增加工具马达的旋转速度。 |
| Other known torque intensifier tools use gear intensification and/or reduction mechanisms as stand alone components or adjacent the motor to increase and/or decrease shaft rotation speeds. |
其它已知的扭矩增强器工具使用齿轮增强和/或减速机构作为独立的部件或邻近马达以增加和/或降低轴旋转速度。 |
| The present invention may also include such gear intensification and/or reduction mechanisms as stand alone components, as multiplication transmitters and part of multiplication mechanism 210 or as vibration transmitters and part of vibration mechanism 310. |
本发明还可以包括这样的齿轮增强和/或减速机构，作为独立的部件，作为倍增机构210的倍增发送器和部分，或者作为振动发送器和振动机构310的部分。 |
| Indeed multiplication assembly 200 can be configured to have multiple multiplication transmitters contained in multiple multiplication assembly housings. |
实际上，倍增组件200可以被配置为具有包含在多个倍增组件壳体中的多个倍增发射器。 |
| [0328] |
[0328] |
| The two-part tapered nut assembly for use with either a stud or a bolt of a threaded fastener and a torque device in accordance with the present invention includes: a rigid inner member having an internal surface threadedly engagable with the fastener and an external surface defined by a plurality of steps that form a taper; |
根据本发明的用于螺纹紧固件的螺柱或螺栓和扭矩装置的两件式锥形螺母组件包括：刚性内部构件，其具有可与紧固件螺纹接合的内表面和由形成锥形的多个台阶限定的外表面； |
| an outer member having an inversely tapered internal surface nonrotatably engagable with the tapered external surface of the inner member; |
外部构件，具有与内部构件的锥形外表面不可旋转地接合的倒锥形内表面； |
| and wherein the two-part nut assembly, when rotated by an action portion of the torque device, applies a load to the threaded fastener. |
并且其中所述两件式螺母组件在由所述扭矩装置的作用部分旋转时向所述螺纹紧固件施加载荷。 |
| The inner member is either superficially, partially or thoroughly metallurgically hardened. |
内部构件表面地，部分地或完全地冶金硬化。 |
| [0329] |
[0329] |
| Advantageously, the invention allows for a load bearing surface area between the inner member and the outer member allows for strategically biased vertical and radial stress distribution without having to substantially increase the overall dimensions; |
有利地，本发明允许内部构件和外部构件之间的承载表面区域允许关键地偏置的垂直和径向应力分布，而不必实质上增加整体尺寸； |
| a three dimensional load bearing surface area rather than a conventional two dimensional plane; |
三维承载面区域，而不是传统的二维平面； |
| more efficiently and evenly distributed load stress distribution over the load bearing surface area; |
在承载表面区域上更有效且均匀地分布载荷应力分布； |
| higher torsion strength; |
较高的扭转强度； |
| apparatus with lower mass, dimensions and volume is small enough to fit in tight and/or limited spaces typical of industrial bolting applications; |
具有较低质量，尺寸和体积的装置足够小以适合工业螺栓连接应用中典型的紧密和/或有限空间； |
| eliminates thread galling; |
消除粘线； |
| and prevents catastrophic fractures and load loss, which previously limited use of hardening processes with threaded fasteners. |
并且防止了灾难性的断裂和载荷损失，这限制了对螺纹紧固件的硬化工艺的使用。 |
| [0330] |
[0330] |
| Z®-Squirter® Washers, HYTORC® Z® Washer and Nut Assemblies, Tapered Fastener Assemblies, Tapered Torsional Couplings, Two-Part Tapered Nut Assemblies, Two-Part Tapered Thread Nut Assemblies and any combinations thereof are further disclosed. |
还公开了Z ®-Squirter ®洗涤器，HYTORC ®，Z ®，Washer 和Nut 组件，锥形紧固件组件，锥形扭转联轴器，两件式锥形螺母组件，两件式锥形螺纹螺母组件及其任意组合。 |
| [0331] |
[0331] |
| Note that any type of suitable components, sizes and materials of apparatus of the present invention may be used, including: fastener categories, for example wood screws, machine screws, thread cutting machine screws, sheet metal screws, self drilling SMS, hex bolts, carriage bolts, lag bolts, socket screws, set screws, j-bolts, shoulder bolts, sex screws, mating screws, hanger bolts, etc.; |
注意，可以使用本发明的设备的任何类型的合适部件，尺寸和材料，包括：紧固件种类，例如木螺钉，机器螺钉，螺纹切削机器螺钉，金属片螺钉，自钻孔SMS ，六角螺栓，车架螺栓，方头螺栓，套筒螺栓，紧定螺钉，j-螺栓，带肩螺栓，有性螺钉，配合螺钉，悬挂螺栓等； |
| head styles, for example flat, oval, pan, truss, round, hex, hex washer, slotted hex washer, socket cap, button, etc.; |
头部形式，例如平的，卵形的，盘的，桁架的，圆形的，六角形的，六角形的垫圈，开槽的六角形垫圈，插座帽，按钮等； |
| drive types, for example phillips and frearson, slotted, combination, socket, hex, allen, square, torx, multiple other geometries, etc.; |
驱动器类型，例如菲利普斯（Phillips ）和弗雷森（Frearson ），开槽的，组合的，插座的，六角形的，艾伦（Allen ），方形的，环形的，多种其它几何形状等； |
| nut types, for example hex, jam, cap, acorn, flange, square, torque lock, slotted, castle, etc.; |
螺母类型，例如六角螺母，卡螺母，盖螺母，橡螺母，法兰螺母，方形螺母，扭矩锁螺母，开槽螺母，城堡螺母等； |
| washer types, for example flat, fender, finishing, square, dock, reaction, etc.; |
垫圈类型，例如平板，防护板，饰面，正方形，码头，反应等； |
| and thread types, for example sharp V, American national, unified, metric, square, ACME, whitworth standard, knuckle, buttress, single, double, triple, double square, triple ACME, etc. |
以及螺纹类型，例如SharpV ，AmericanNational ，Unified ，Metric ，Square ，ACME ，WhitworthStandard ，Knuckle ，Buttress ，Single ，Double ，Triple ，DoubleSquare ，TripleACME 等。 |
| [0332] |
[0332] |
| It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above. |
应当理解，上述的每个元件，或者两个或多个元件一起，也可以在不同于上述类型的其它类型的结构中找到有用的应用。 |
| The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilized for realizing the invention in diverse forms thereof. |
在前面的描述，或下面的权利要求，或附图中公开的特征，以它们的特定形式或以用于执行所公开的功能的装置，或用于获得所公开的结果的方法或过程的形式表达，如果合适，可以单独地或以这些特征的任何组合用于以其不同的形式实现本发明。 |
| Note that there may be slight differences in descriptions of numbered components in the specification. |
注意，在说明书中对编号的组件的描述中可能存在微小差异。 |
| [0333] |
[0333] |
| While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in and/or with a torque device, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. |
虽然本发明已经被图示和描述为体现在扭矩装置中和/或与扭矩装置一起体现，但是本发明并不限于所示的细节，因为在不以任何方式脱离本发明的精神的情况下可以进行各种修改和结构改变。 |
| [0334] |
[0334] |
| Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention. |
在没有进一步分析的情况下，前述内容将完全揭示本发明的要旨，使得其他人可以通过应用当前的知识，容易地将其适用于各种应用，而不省略从现有技术的立场来看完全构成本发明的一般或特定方面的基本特征的特征。 |
| [0335] |
[0335] |
| When used in this specification and claims, the terms “tapered”, “taperedly” and variations thereof mean that the specified features, steps, quantities, dimensions, geometries and intervals may, from one end to another, either gradually, suddenly, step-wisely, and/or conically: be inconsistent, vary, narrow, diminish, decrease, get smaller, thin out, etc. |
当在本说明书和权利要求书中使用时，术语“渐缩的”，“渐缩的”及其变化意味着指定的特征，步骤，数量，尺寸，几何形状和间隔可以从一端到另一端逐渐地，突然地，逐步地和/或成圆锥形地不一致，变化，变窄，减小，减小，变小，变薄等。 |
| [0336] |
[0336] |
| When used in this specification and claims, the terms “comprising”, “including”, “having” and variations thereof mean that the specified features, steps or integers are included. |
当在本说明书和权利要求书中使用时，术语“包括”，“包含”，“具有”及其变体是指包括特定的特征，步骤或整体。 |
| The terms are not to be interpreted to exclude the presence of other features, steps or components. |
这些术语不应被解释为排除其它特征，步骤或部件的存在。 |